基于GIS的城市地震建筑物次生火灾蔓延模型
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摘要
考虑城市地震次生火灾发生和蔓延的实际情况,以城市内地震破坏下的建筑物为火灾蔓延的主要载体,从工程应用的角度按不同结构类型给出了次生火灾蔓延参数,并建立了不同类型结构蔓延的临界距离等;考虑地震破坏下和不同风速对燃烧参数的影响,建立了以建筑物为对象的城市地震次生火灾蔓延模型。并以地理信息系统为平台,开发了城市地震次生火灾蔓延模拟系统。该模型的建立可为防御和减轻城市地震次生火灾提供辅助决策,同时对城市日常防火也有一定的参考价值。
In this paper,the model of seismic secondary fire spread between the urban buildings was established on the basis of the actual circumstance of fire spread from the standpoint of engineering application.In the process of study,the fire spread parameters and critical distances were given according to the classes of structures.The influence of seismic buildings damage and wind velocity was taken into account in the model.Then,the fire spread modelling system was developed on the basis of the geography information system(GIS).This model can provide aided decision to take precautions against and lighten the losses of urban secondary fire.It also gives a reference to urban routine fire prevention.
In this paper,the model of seismic secondary fire spread between the urban buildings was established on the basis of the actual circumstance of fire spread from the standpoint of engineering application.In the process of study,the fire spread parameters and critical distances were given according to the classes of structures.The influence of seismic buildings damage and wind velocity was taken into account in the model.Then,the fire spread modelling system was developed on the basis of the geography information system(GIS).This model can provide aided decision to take precautions against and lighten the losses of urban secondary fire.It also gives a reference to urban routine fire prevention.
引文
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[2]USGS.The San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of April 18,1906 and Their Effects on Structures and Structural Materials[J].Bull,1907,324,U.S.Geological Survey.Washington DC,US.
[3]陈尚平,等.破坏性地震史料文图选集(云南卷)[M].北京:海洋出版社,2008.
[4]Richard N.Wright.Lifelines and control of post earthquake fires.Building and Fire Research Laboratory[C]//National Institute of Standards andTechnology,1998.
[5]保野健治郎,高井広行，难波义郎.ロジステイック曲线による建物火灾の延烧速度式に关する基础的研究[R].日本建筑学会论文报告集,昭和57年1月:137-144.
[6]谢旭阳,等.基于GIS的地震次生火灾蔓延范围模拟[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(5):3-7.
[7]中国消防协会队伍建设和灭火战术专业委员会.灭火手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1989.
[8]地震时の延烧シミュレ-ションシステムに关する调查研究[M].东京消防厅,1989.
[9]赵思健,任爱珠,等,基于GIS的城市特大火灾蔓延模拟[J].火灾科学,2006,15(3):128-137.
[10]中国地震局工程力学研究所.福建省石狮市城区地震灾害预测与信息管理系统研制[R],哈尔滨:中国地震工程力学研究所,2004.
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