地壳孕震过程的重力变化研究
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摘要
根据多孔介质中的力学理论 ,推导了在地壳中存在微孔洞时介质的应力应变本构关系的表示公式 ,讨论了描述地壳中空洞形成过程的孕震模型参数 ,讨论了孕震模型参数的变化与地壳介质状态的变化和地面重力变化的关系 ,并根据乘法分解理论推导了孕震过程计算重力变化的弹塑性递推计算方法 ,并采用 GTN模型进行了数值模拟。在此基础上 ,将数值模拟结果与发生在 1 996年云南丽江 Ms=7.0地震前后的重力变化进行了对比分析 ,讨论了微孔洞的形成过程与地面重力变化的关系 ,较合理地解释了丽江 Ms7.0地震前后的重力变化过程。
On the basis of the mechanical theory in the porous media the relationship between stress and strain is deduced when there exist micro holes in earth crust.The parameter K which describes the breaking process in earth crust is discussed.The physical meanings of state of the earth crust change with K and the formulas which express gravity variation with k are also derived. The gravity variation distribution on earth surface is calculated by using GTN model.The gravity variation from 1992 to 1996 in southwest China,Yunnan province where Lijiang M s=7.0 earthquake occurred in 1996 is compared with computed results. At last, the process of gravity variation during Lijiang earthquake is explained reasonably.
On the basis of the mechanical theory in the porous media the relationship between stress and strain is deduced when there exist micro holes in earth crust.The parameter K which describes the breaking process in earth crust is discussed.The physical meanings of state of the earth crust change with K and the formulas which express gravity variation with k are also derived. The gravity variation distribution on earth surface is calculated by using GTN model.The gravity variation from 1992 to 1996 in southwest China,Yunnan province where Lijiang M s=7.0 earthquake occurred in 1996 is compared with computed results. At last, the process of gravity variation during Lijiang earthquake is explained reasonably.
引文
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2 5 张克实 ,李世辉 ,郑长卿 .裂尖细观大应变断裂研究 .固体力学学报 ,1 990 ,1 1 (1 ) :1～ 1 0 .
2 Barnes D F.Gravity variations during the Alaska earthquake.J.Geophys.Res.,1 966,71 (2 ) :451～ 456.
3 Fujii Y,(藤井阳一郎 ) ,Gravity variationsin the shock area of the niigata earthquake 1 6 June 1 964.zisin,1 966,1 9(3) :2 0 0～ 2 1 6.
4 Hunt T M.Gravity variations associated with the1 968Inangahua earthquake.N.Z.J.Geol.Geophys.1 970 ,1 3(4) :1 0 50～ 1 0 51 .
5 Oliver H W,Robbins S L,Grannell R B,et al. Surface and subsurface movement determined byremeasuring gravity. San Fernando,California,Earthquake of 9February 1 971 ,Sacramento,Calif.,1 975,1 95～ 2 1 1 .
6 陈运泰 ,顾浩鼎 ,卢造勋 ,等 .1 975年海城地震与 1 976年唐山地震前后的重力变化 .地震学报 ,1 980 ,2 (1 ) :2 1～ 30 .
7 吴国华 ,罗增雄 .丽江 7.0级地震前后滇西实验场的重力异常变化特征 .地震研究 ,1 997,2 0 (1 ) :1 0 1～ 1 0 7.
8 Walsh JB.An analysis of local variations in gravity due to deformation.Pure Appl.Geophys.,1 975,1 1 3:97～ 1 0 6.
9 Reilly W Iand Hunt T M. Commenton“An analysisoflocal varitionsin gravity due to deformation”by J.B.Walsh.Pure Appl.Geophys.,1 976,1 1 4 (6) :1 1 31～ 1 1 33,.
1 0 Nur A.Matsushiro.Japan,earthquake swarm:Confirmation of the dilatancy fluid diffusion model.Geology,1 974,2 (5) ;2 1 7～ 2 2 1 .
1 1 藤井阳一郎 .地壳变动たする重力の变化 .测地学会志 ,1 969,1 5(2 3) :97～ 98.
1 2 张超 ,赵国光 .断层活动的重力效应 .地震学报 ,1 981 ,3(4) :40 0～ 40 8.
1 3 黄建梁 ,李辉 ,李瑞浩 .点源位错引起的重力、位势及其梯度变化 .地震学报 ,1 995,1 7(1 ) :72～ 80 .
1 4 Segall P and Pollard D D.Mechanics of discontinuous faults.Journal of Geophysical Research,1 980 ,85(B8 ) :4337～ 4350 .
1 5 Jeyakumaran M and Keer L M.Curved Slip Zone in an elastic half- plane,bulletin of the seismologicalsociety of America,1 994,84(6) :1 90 3～ 1 91 5.
1 6 陆毅中 .工程断裂力学 .西安 :西安交通大学出版社 ,1 987,1～ 2 50 .
1 7 高庆 .工程断裂力学 .重庆 :重庆大学出版社 ,1 986,82～ 96.
1 8 楼志文 .损伤力学基础 .西安 :西安交通大学出版社 ,1 991 ,2 1 0 .
1 9 余寿文 ,冯西桥 .损伤力学 .北京 :清华大学出版社 ,1 997,1 2 8～ 1 38.
2 0 张永志 ,王文萍 ,梁伟锋 ,等 .地壳损伤状态的重力频域反演研究 .地震学报 ,1 998,2 0 (3) :32 2～ 32 6.
2 1 Harald G.Deconvolution of gravity data due to lateral density distributions.Geoexploration,1 985,2 3:537～ 547.
2 2 Lee E H.Elastic- Plastic deformation atfinite strains.J.Appl.Mech.,1 969,36:1～ 6.
2 3 Gurson A L.Continuum theories ofductile rupture by void nucleation and Growth:Part - Yield criteriaand flow rules for porous ductile media.J.Eng.Mater.Tech.,1 977,99:2～ 1 5.
2 4 Tvergaard V and Needleman A.Analysis of the cup- cone fracture in a round tensile Bar.Acta Meter.,1 984,32 :1 57～ 1 69.
2 5 张克实 ,李世辉 ,郑长卿 .裂尖细观大应变断裂研究 .固体力学学报 ,1 990 ,1 1 (1 ) :1～ 1 0 .
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