塔里木盆地塔中西北部多期、多成因岩溶作用地质—地球化学表征——以中1井为例
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摘要
中1井是一口在塔中西北部的奥陶系碳酸盐岩中取得工业油气流突破的重要发现井。对中1井岩心观察、过井的地震剖面、古生物分析和溶蚀—胶结作用成因的矿物学、岩石学及地球化学研究表明中1井T70(相当于志留系底)、T47(相当于上奥陶统底)存在两至三个构造削截—沉积间断面,与加里东中晚期岩溶有关;奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层方解石充填物的铁、锰、锶和钡含量相对较低、δ18OPDB为-6.4‰~-4.5‰,δ13CPDB为-1.4‰~0.5‰,87Sr/86Sr平均为0.7092;而石炭系巴楚组膏岩、东河砂岩、志留系碎屑岩中的方解石胶结物δ18OPDB为-10.5‰~-16.1‰、平均为-13.9‰,δ13CPDB为-1.5‰~-9.6‰、平均为-4.8‰;87Sr/86Sr为0.7090(志留系)、0.7091(石炭系);研究表明奥陶系碳酸盐岩具有准同生期、浅埋条件下混合水以及较短暴露期下大气淡水下的表生溶蚀的多种复合成因,而志留系和石炭系具有大气淡水溶蚀—充填或埋藏成岩作用特征,海西晚期发生了热液—热水交代有关的溶蚀作用;87Sr/86Sr均低于0.7100,表明中1井区经历的大气淡水条件下暴露期相对较短,陆源物质影响较小,因而不具备沙雅隆起海西早期发生的大规模表生岩溶地质条件。
Well Zhong 1 is an important discovery well of oil and gas in Ordovician carbonate rocks located at the Northwestern Tazhong uplift. This paper presents an updated review of the multi-period and origin of carbonate karstification, which took into account of core observation, palaeo-biological analysis, seismic section and mineralogical and petrological and geochemical of calcite cements and calcites in cleavages and cavities or vuges. The two tectonic-related truncation and sedimentary gap surfaces have been identified, which hare some extent of relationship with carbonate karstification in Caledonian, the fact that calcites in cleavages and cavities or vuges in Ordovician carbonate rocks with rather low contents!of elements of Fe,Mn,Sr and Ba, and the normal value of δ 18 O(-6.4‰~-4.5‰)and δ 13 C(-1.4‰~0.5‰)in comparison with that of the average value of seawater of Ordovicianare believed to occurr as a composite results of syngenesis affected by the mixed fluid at shallow buried condition and later meteoric invasion; while the calcite cements developed in Bachu,Donghe formations and Silurian sandstones with the ramiform structures of infiltration metasomatism related with magmatic hydrothermalism and the low value of δ 18 O(-10.5‰~-16.1‰)and δ 13 C(-1.5‰~-9.6‰) indicated it had undergone an intense hydrothermal buried as well as Hercynian subaerial meteoric diagenetic change; the low data of strontium isotopic compositions( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr less than 0.7100) of filling calcites in cleavages and cavities or vuges in Kalashayi formation and Silurian and Ordovician system of Well Zhong-1 are explained as the results of the little effect of continental clastic sediment due to a rather short period of exposure; moreover, it may be concluded that no similar geological condition or background of a large scale of strong epigenic karstification exists in the Northwestern Tazhong just as occurred in the Tahei oilfield (Shaya uplift) with Palocave systems widely developed in forms of multiple passage caves in the Middle-Upper Ordovician carbonate.
Well Zhong 1 is an important discovery well of oil and gas in Ordovician carbonate rocks located at the Northwestern Tazhong uplift. This paper presents an updated review of the multi-period and origin of carbonate karstification, which took into account of core observation, palaeo-biological analysis, seismic section and mineralogical and petrological and geochemical of calcite cements and calcites in cleavages and cavities or vuges. The two tectonic-related truncation and sedimentary gap surfaces have been identified, which hare some extent of relationship with carbonate karstification in Caledonian, the fact that calcites in cleavages and cavities or vuges in Ordovician carbonate rocks with rather low contents!of elements of Fe,Mn,Sr and Ba, and the normal value of δ 18 O(-6.4‰~-4.5‰)and δ 13 C(-1.4‰~0.5‰)in comparison with that of the average value of seawater of Ordovicianare believed to occurr as a composite results of syngenesis affected by the mixed fluid at shallow buried condition and later meteoric invasion; while the calcite cements developed in Bachu,Donghe formations and Silurian sandstones with the ramiform structures of infiltration metasomatism related with magmatic hydrothermalism and the low value of δ 18 O(-10.5‰~-16.1‰)and δ 13 C(-1.5‰~-9.6‰) indicated it had undergone an intense hydrothermal buried as well as Hercynian subaerial meteoric diagenetic change; the low data of strontium isotopic compositions( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr less than 0.7100) of filling calcites in cleavages and cavities or vuges in Kalashayi formation and Silurian and Ordovician system of Well Zhong-1 are explained as the results of the little effect of continental clastic sediment due to a rather short period of exposure; moreover, it may be concluded that no similar geological condition or background of a large scale of strong epigenic karstification exists in the Northwestern Tazhong just as occurred in the Tahei oilfield (Shaya uplift) with Palocave systems widely developed in forms of multiple passage caves in the Middle-Upper Ordovician carbonate.
引文
[1]李国蓉.阿克库勒地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶作用研究.2001
1李宇平,王振宇,李文华,等.塔中Ⅰ号断裂构造带奥陶系碳酸盐岩圈闭类型及其勘探意义.地质科学,2002,37(增刊):141～151[Li Yuping,Wang Zhenyu,Li Wenhua,et al.Trap types of Ordovi-cian carbonate rocks in the central TarimⅠfault zone and their petrole-um exploration significance.Scientia Geologica Sinica,2002,37(Sup-pl.):141～151]
2王嗣敏,金之钧,解启来.塔里木盆地塔中45井区碳酸盐岩储层的深部流体改造作用.地质论评,2004,50(5):543～547[Wang Simin,Jin Zhijun,Xie Qilai.Transforming effect of deep fluids on car-bonate reservoirs in the Well TZ45region.Geological Review,2004,50(5):543～547]
3孙龙德.塔里木含油气盆地沉积学研究进展.沉积学报,2004,22(3):408～415[Sun Longde.Progress of sedimentological research in Tarim basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(3):408～415]
4刘忠宝,于炳松,李延艳,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序发育对同生期岩溶作用的控制.沉积学报,2004,22(1):103～109[Liu Zhongbao,Yu Bingsong,Li Tingyan,et al.Se-quence development controls on syngenesis karst of the Middle-upper Ordovician carbonate in Tazhong area,Tarim basin.Acta Sedimentolog-ica Sinica,2004,22(1):103～109]
5陈洪德,张锦泉,叶德胜.新疆塔里木盆地北部古岩溶储集体特征及控油作用.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994.27～77[Chen Hongde,Zhang Jinquan,Ye Desheng.The Palaeo-karstification(weathering crust)Reservoir Characteristics and Its Controls on Pool-formation in the Northern of Tarim Basin,Xingjiang.Chengdu:Cheng-du University of Science and Technology Press,1994.27～77]
6钱一雄,蔡立国,李国蓉.碳酸盐岩岩溶作用的元素地球化学表征—以塔河1号的S60井为例.沉积学报,2002,20(4):70～75[Qian Yixiong,Cai Lieguo,Li Guorong.Element geochemical impli-cations for carbonate karstification interpretation:Taking Well S60in Taihe as an exemple.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(4):70～75]
7钱一雄,陈跃,马宏强,等.新疆塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩溶洞、裂隙中方解石胶结物元素分析与成因.沉积学报,2004,22(1):6～11[Qian Yixiong,Chen Yue,Ma Hongxiang,et al.Chemical analysis and origin of calcite in cleavage and cave filled cements of Ordovician carbonates in Tahe oilfield,Xinjiang.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(4):6～11]
8Budd D A,Saller A H,Harris P M.Unconformities and porosity in carbonate strata.AAPG Memoir63,Tulsa,Oklahoma,U.S.A.1995.35～123
9Robert G l.Paleocave carbonate reservoirs:origins,burial-depth modi-fications,spatial complexity,and reservoir implications.AAPG Bulle-tin,1999,83(9):1795～1831
10Heward A P,Chuenbunchom S,Makel G,et al.Nang Nuan oil field,B6/27,Gulf of Thailand:karst reservoir of meteoric or deep-burial origin?Petroleum Geoscience,2000,6:15～27
11Hayes MJ,Boles J R.Evidence for meteoric recharge in the San Joa-quin basin,California provided by isotope and trace element chemistry of calcite.Marine and Petroleum Geology,1993,10:136～144
12黄思静,石和,张萌,等.锶同位素地层学在奥陶系海相地层定年中的应用——以塔里木盆地塔中12井为例.沉积学报,2004,22(1):1～5[Huang Sijing,Shi He,Zhang Meng,et al.Application of strontium isotope stratigraphy to dating Ordovician marine sedi-ments.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(4):1～5]
1李宇平,王振宇,李文华,等.塔中Ⅰ号断裂构造带奥陶系碳酸盐岩圈闭类型及其勘探意义.地质科学,2002,37(增刊):141～151[Li Yuping,Wang Zhenyu,Li Wenhua,et al.Trap types of Ordovi-cian carbonate rocks in the central TarimⅠfault zone and their petrole-um exploration significance.Scientia Geologica Sinica,2002,37(Sup-pl.):141～151]
2王嗣敏,金之钧,解启来.塔里木盆地塔中45井区碳酸盐岩储层的深部流体改造作用.地质论评,2004,50(5):543～547[Wang Simin,Jin Zhijun,Xie Qilai.Transforming effect of deep fluids on car-bonate reservoirs in the Well TZ45region.Geological Review,2004,50(5):543～547]
3孙龙德.塔里木含油气盆地沉积学研究进展.沉积学报,2004,22(3):408～415[Sun Longde.Progress of sedimentological research in Tarim basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(3):408～415]
4刘忠宝,于炳松,李延艳,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区中上奥陶统碳酸盐岩层序发育对同生期岩溶作用的控制.沉积学报,2004,22(1):103～109[Liu Zhongbao,Yu Bingsong,Li Tingyan,et al.Se-quence development controls on syngenesis karst of the Middle-upper Ordovician carbonate in Tazhong area,Tarim basin.Acta Sedimentolog-ica Sinica,2004,22(1):103～109]
5陈洪德,张锦泉,叶德胜.新疆塔里木盆地北部古岩溶储集体特征及控油作用.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994.27～77[Chen Hongde,Zhang Jinquan,Ye Desheng.The Palaeo-karstification(weathering crust)Reservoir Characteristics and Its Controls on Pool-formation in the Northern of Tarim Basin,Xingjiang.Chengdu:Cheng-du University of Science and Technology Press,1994.27～77]
6钱一雄,蔡立国,李国蓉.碳酸盐岩岩溶作用的元素地球化学表征—以塔河1号的S60井为例.沉积学报,2002,20(4):70～75[Qian Yixiong,Cai Lieguo,Li Guorong.Element geochemical impli-cations for carbonate karstification interpretation:Taking Well S60in Taihe as an exemple.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(4):70～75]
7钱一雄,陈跃,马宏强,等.新疆塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩溶洞、裂隙中方解石胶结物元素分析与成因.沉积学报,2004,22(1):6～11[Qian Yixiong,Chen Yue,Ma Hongxiang,et al.Chemical analysis and origin of calcite in cleavage and cave filled cements of Ordovician carbonates in Tahe oilfield,Xinjiang.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(4):6～11]
8Budd D A,Saller A H,Harris P M.Unconformities and porosity in carbonate strata.AAPG Memoir63,Tulsa,Oklahoma,U.S.A.1995.35～123
9Robert G l.Paleocave carbonate reservoirs:origins,burial-depth modi-fications,spatial complexity,and reservoir implications.AAPG Bulle-tin,1999,83(9):1795～1831
10Heward A P,Chuenbunchom S,Makel G,et al.Nang Nuan oil field,B6/27,Gulf of Thailand:karst reservoir of meteoric or deep-burial origin?Petroleum Geoscience,2000,6:15～27
11Hayes MJ,Boles J R.Evidence for meteoric recharge in the San Joa-quin basin,California provided by isotope and trace element chemistry of calcite.Marine and Petroleum Geology,1993,10:136～144
12黄思静,石和,张萌,等.锶同位素地层学在奥陶系海相地层定年中的应用——以塔里木盆地塔中12井为例.沉积学报,2004,22(1):1～5[Huang Sijing,Shi He,Zhang Meng,et al.Application of strontium isotope stratigraphy to dating Ordovician marine sedi-ments.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(4):1～5]
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