地震作用下地下洞室群整体安全系数计算与震后加固效果评价
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摘要
为解决震后地下洞室围岩加固措施的加固效果评价问题,提出了地震作用下地下洞室群整体安全系数的计算途径和震后加固效果的评价方法。首先给出了基于拉剪强度同步折减思路的洞室群整体安全系数计算方法,可简便地定量评价不同工况下的洞群整体稳定程度。然后采用波动场应力法模拟汶川地震作用,对位于震中的映秀湾水电站地下洞室群震后加固措施效果进行了评价。通过对比洞室群在地震前后、加固前后的安全系数变化规律,认为采用该指标表征洞群的整体稳定性,能够有效地反映地震对洞群整体稳定的影响,并证明了震后加固措施的必要性。同时,计算对比发现,震后加固措施虽不能使洞室群的抗震性能完全恢复到汶川地震前的水平,但加固后的映秀湾地下洞室群完全能够达到规范要求的抗震设防标准,地下洞室群的长期安全稳定性能够得到保障,从而证明了震后加固措施的可靠性,为类似工程的震后修复加固设计提供了有益的参考。
In order to assess the reliability of post-earthquake reinforcement measures of underground caverns,the assessment method of post-earthquake reinforcement measures and calculation method of safety factor for general stability of underground caverns under earthquake effect were proposed.Firstly,the approach of simultaneous antishear and anti-tensile strength reduction was adopted to calculate the safety factor for general stability of underground caverns.The general stability of caverns could be easily quantitatively assessed.Afterwards,the wave filed method was employed to simulate the impacts of Wenchuan earthquake.The post-earthquake reinforcement measures for Yingxiuwan hydropower plant,located in the epicenter region,were assessed.The pre-earthquake and post-earthquake as well as pre-reinforcement and post-reinforcement safety factors of underground caverns were summarized.The variation laws of safety factors indicated that the proposed methods were able to reflect earthquake influences and prove the necessity of reinforcement measures.Meanwhile,by comparing the safety factors under different calculation schemes,it was found that the anti-seismic capacity of underground caverns could not be fully restored to the level before the earthquake.However,the reinforcement measures were able to meet the seismic fortification standard required by design codes.It was therefore concluded that the long-term stability of underground caverns can be guaranteed and the post-earthquake reinforcement measures were reliable as well.The proposed methods provided useful references to the post-earthquake restoration and reinforcement design of similar projects.
In order to assess the reliability of post-earthquake reinforcement measures of underground caverns,the assessment method of post-earthquake reinforcement measures and calculation method of safety factor for general stability of underground caverns under earthquake effect were proposed.Firstly,the approach of simultaneous antishear and anti-tensile strength reduction was adopted to calculate the safety factor for general stability of underground caverns.The general stability of caverns could be easily quantitatively assessed.Afterwards,the wave filed method was employed to simulate the impacts of Wenchuan earthquake.The post-earthquake reinforcement measures for Yingxiuwan hydropower plant,located in the epicenter region,were assessed.The pre-earthquake and post-earthquake as well as pre-reinforcement and post-reinforcement safety factors of underground caverns were summarized.The variation laws of safety factors indicated that the proposed methods were able to reflect earthquake influences and prove the necessity of reinforcement measures.Meanwhile,by comparing the safety factors under different calculation schemes,it was found that the anti-seismic capacity of underground caverns could not be fully restored to the level before the earthquake.However,the reinforcement measures were able to meet the seismic fortification standard required by design codes.It was therefore concluded that the long-term stability of underground caverns can be guaranteed and the post-earthquake reinforcement measures were reliable as well.The proposed methods provided useful references to the post-earthquake restoration and reinforcement design of similar projects.
引文
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[2]Wang Tao,Xiong Jiang,Guo Wuxiang,et al.Research on stability of rock mass around underground powerhouse cavern by discrete element method under earthquake[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2009,26(12):58-62.[王涛,熊将,郭武详,等.地震荷载作用下地下厂房围岩稳定的离散元计算方法研究[J].长江科学院院报,2009,26(12):58-62.]
[3]Sui Bin,Zhu Weishen,Li Xiaojing.Simulation on dynamic response of large underground opening complex under seismic loads[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(12):1877-1882.[隋斌,朱维申,李晓静.地震荷载作用下大型地下洞室群的动态响应模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(12):1877-1882.]
[4]Zienkiewicz O C,Humpheson C,Lewis R W.Associated and non-associated visco-plasticity and plasticity in soil mechanics[J].Geotechnique,1975,25(4):671-689.
[5]Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi.Application of strength reduction FEM in soil and rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,19(10):3381～3388.[郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,19(10):3381-3388.]
[6]Yang Zhen,Zheng Yingren,Zhang Hong,et al.Analysis on stability for the surrounding rock of tunnel and exploring the strength parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(2):282-300.[杨臻,郑颖人,张红,等.岩质隧洞围岩稳定性分析与强度参数的探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(2):282-300.]
[7]徐志英.岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1986:34-37.
[8]Jiang Quan,Feng Xiating,Xiang Tianbing.Discussion on method for calculating general safety factor of underground caverns based on strength reduction theory[J].Rock and soil mechanics,2009,30(8):2483-2488.[江权,冯夏庭,向天兵.基于强度折减原理的地下洞室群整体安全系数计算方法探讨[J].岩土力学,2009,30(8):2483-2488.]
[9]曹善安.地下结构力学[M].大连:大连工学院出版社,1987:176-178.
[10]Ye Jianqing,Su Jingrong,Chen Hui.Predominant period of the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake motion[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2008,31(Supp):498-504.[叶建庆,苏金蓉,陈慧.汶川8.0级地震动卓越周期分析[J].地震研究,2008,31(增):498-504.]
[11]GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[12]Li Xiaojun,Zhou Zhenghua,Huang Moh,et al.Preliminary analysis of strong-motion recordings from the Magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan,China,earthquake of 12 May 2008[J].Seismological Research Letters,2008,79(6):844-854.
[13]DL5073-2000,水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[14]Zhu Weishen,Li Shucai,Cheng Feng.Application of energy dissipation model to optimization of construction order for large underground caverns[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(5):333-336.[朱维申,李术才,程峰.能量耗散模型在大型地下洞群施工顺序优化分析中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(5):333-336.]
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