从新构造应力场论公路水毁问题——兼论地貌发育的对抗性原理
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摘要
根据沙依德格尔的对抗性原理,研究了新构造应力场对公路水毁的影响问题,发现在高应力区,如果公路走向平行于新构造应力场的剪切面或垂直于这个应力场的主压应力方向,公路的稳定性即将变坏.
Scheidegger's Antagonism Principle about two types of process active in the formation of Earth's surface landforms is a fundamental principle of landscape evolution. The two processes have a basic different stochastic nature, endogenic processes are essentially systematic (non-random) and exogenic ones essentially random. The genesis of orientation structure of river valley along which highway is mostly built has tranditionally been ascribed solely to exogenic, nontectonic causes. The orienta-tion is not random indeed but corresponds to the shear lines of a neotectonic stress field in an area. Road can be regarded as a kind of artificial landscape on which the neotectonic stress field has an effect in same way. If direction of a road is parallel with shear lines or perpendicular to principle press stress of a neotectonic stress field, its stability will go bad specially in a high geostress area. Investigation on the failure and washout disarsters, of roads in South Gansu Province and West Sichuan Province has proved this hypothesis.The water destruction of road being similar to destruction of a navigation channel or road tunnel is a kind of natural disas-ter of the man-earth system which is a behavior in the critical state of complex system and should be researched by the ap-proaches of nonlinear dynamics or complexity thoery from the Man-Earth Synergetics.
Scheidegger's Antagonism Principle about two types of process active in the formation of Earth's surface landforms is a fundamental principle of landscape evolution. The two processes have a basic different stochastic nature, endogenic processes are essentially systematic (non-random) and exogenic ones essentially random. The genesis of orientation structure of river valley along which highway is mostly built has tranditionally been ascribed solely to exogenic, nontectonic causes. The orienta-tion is not random indeed but corresponds to the shear lines of a neotectonic stress field in an area. Road can be regarded as a kind of artificial landscape on which the neotectonic stress field has an effect in same way. If direction of a road is parallel with shear lines or perpendicular to principle press stress of a neotectonic stress field, its stability will go bad specially in a high geostress area. Investigation on the failure and washout disarsters, of roads in South Gansu Province and West Sichuan Province has proved this hypothesis.The water destruction of road being similar to destruction of a navigation channel or road tunnel is a kind of natural disas-ter of the man-earth system which is a behavior in the critical state of complex system and should be researched by the ap-proaches of nonlinear dynamics or complexity thoery from the Man-Earth Synergetics.
引文
[1]Scheidegger A E.The principle of antagonism in the Earth‘s evolution.Tectonophysies,1979,55:T7—T10.
[2]Scheidegger A E.InstabiIity principle of geomorphic equiIibrium.Z.Geomorphol,1983,27(1):1—9.
[3]Scheidegger A E.The catena principle in geomorphology.z.Geomorphol,1986,30(3):257—273.
[4]Scheidegger A E,Ai,N.S.Tectonic Processes and geomorphological design.Tectonophys,1986,126:258—300.
[5]Ai N S,Scbeidegger A E.Valey trends in Tibet.Z.Geomorphol,1981,25:203—212.
[6]Ai N S,Li Y L,Scheideqge A E.Xu S Y.The neotectonic tree field in the regions of Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai(China).Rock Mechanics,1981,14:167—185.
[7]艾南山,等.东南沿海水系及新构造应力场.地理学报.1982.37(2):111～122.
[8]Scheidegger A E.Geojoints and geostresses.in Rossmanith(ed.),Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock.Balkma:Rotterdam,1995.3-35.
[9]余庆余,等.水系分布方向计算的密集度方法.地理科学,1985,5(1):1～10.
[10]陈洪凯,等.四川省公路水段与地质环境的关系探讨.重庆交通学院学报,1994,13(4):24～33.
[11]艾南山,等.从泥石流、滑坡对公路交通的影响探讨公路建设的几个问题——1984年夏季天水武都两地区公路水毁初步调查.见:兰州大学西北开发综合研究所.西北开发探索文集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1986.129～133.
[12]Ai N S.,Scheidegger A E.The acismotectonic stress field in the Chinese craton.西北地震学报,1984,6(3):1～15.
[13]Scheidegger A E.Orientationsstruktur der Talanlagen in der Schweiz.Geogr.Helvitica,1979,34:9～15.
[14]艾南山,等.华北地区水系及新构造应力场.重庆交通学院学报,1982,1(3):18～27.
[15]吕德寿,等.川西山地公路水毁与新构设应力场.重庆交通学院学报,1992,11(3):8～12.
[16]Fu C Y.The seven classes and model of landslide’s classification and the law of landslide’s distribution in Chinese railways.Proc.4th Intern.Cong.IAEG,New Delhi,1982,Vol.3:161—168.
[17]Scheidegger A E.Ai N S.Clay slides and debria-flow in the Wudu region and their tectonic implication.科学控索学报,1987,7(1):253—264.又见:Scheidegger A E.,艾南山.武都地区的滑坡和泥石流及其构造意义.滑坡文集(兰州滑坡会议论文选集),北京:铁道出版社,1988.413～418.
[18]李后强,等.人地协同论——兼论人地系统的若干非线性动力学问题.地球科学进展,1996,11(2).
[19]Ai N S.Effects of neotectonic stress field on landslides.Proc.4th Intern.Confer.＆Field Workshop on Landslides,Tokyo,1985,433—436.
[20]艾南山.侵蚀流域系统的信息熵.水土保持学报,1987,1(2):1～8.
[21]艾南山,等.再论流域系统的信息熵.水土保持学报,1988,2(4):1～9.
[22]岳天祥,等.流域系统稳定性的判别指标——超熵.水土保持学报,1989,3(3):20～28.
[23]蒋忠信.矩形流域地貌信息熵的探讨.水土保持通报,1989,(6):83～87.
[24]Jiang Z X.Shape of the longtitudinal profile of the valley and superentropy in drainage-system of debris flow.Proc.Intern.Symp.on Debris Flow and Flood Disaster Protec.Emei,China.vol.A,1991.264—269.
[25]艾南山.新构造应力场与公路工程地质们病害和公路建设的几个问题.兰州大学学报(交叉科学辑刊),1987,(1):87～94.
[26]Gu H Y,Ai N S,Zhu H R.,Qian X R.The macro-and micro-analyaes of environment stress field in tunnel engineering.Proc.Intern.Symp.on Low Cost Road Tunnels,Oslo,Sweden,1984,609—624.
[27]陈洪凯,等.岷江航道水毁与新构造应力场的关系探讨.重庆交通学院学报.1993,12(2):58～63.
[28]Scheidegger A E.Hazard:singularities in geomorphicsystems.Geomorphology,1994,(10):19—25.
[29]Scheidegger A E.Theoretical Geomorphology.Third ED.Berlin:Spring-Verlag,1991,260—262.
[30]罗德军,等.泥石流暴发的自组织临界性.山地研究,1995,13(4):213～218.
[2]Scheidegger A E.InstabiIity principle of geomorphic equiIibrium.Z.Geomorphol,1983,27(1):1—9.
[3]Scheidegger A E.The catena principle in geomorphology.z.Geomorphol,1986,30(3):257—273.
[4]Scheidegger A E,Ai,N.S.Tectonic Processes and geomorphological design.Tectonophys,1986,126:258—300.
[5]Ai N S,Scbeidegger A E.Valey trends in Tibet.Z.Geomorphol,1981,25:203—212.
[6]Ai N S,Li Y L,Scheideqge A E.Xu S Y.The neotectonic tree field in the regions of Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai(China).Rock Mechanics,1981,14:167—185.
[7]艾南山,等.东南沿海水系及新构造应力场.地理学报.1982.37(2):111～122.
[8]Scheidegger A E.Geojoints and geostresses.in Rossmanith(ed.),Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock.Balkma:Rotterdam,1995.3-35.
[9]余庆余,等.水系分布方向计算的密集度方法.地理科学,1985,5(1):1～10.
[10]陈洪凯,等.四川省公路水段与地质环境的关系探讨.重庆交通学院学报,1994,13(4):24～33.
[11]艾南山,等.从泥石流、滑坡对公路交通的影响探讨公路建设的几个问题——1984年夏季天水武都两地区公路水毁初步调查.见:兰州大学西北开发综合研究所.西北开发探索文集.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1986.129～133.
[12]Ai N S.,Scheidegger A E.The acismotectonic stress field in the Chinese craton.西北地震学报,1984,6(3):1～15.
[13]Scheidegger A E.Orientationsstruktur der Talanlagen in der Schweiz.Geogr.Helvitica,1979,34:9～15.
[14]艾南山,等.华北地区水系及新构造应力场.重庆交通学院学报,1982,1(3):18～27.
[15]吕德寿,等.川西山地公路水毁与新构设应力场.重庆交通学院学报,1992,11(3):8～12.
[16]Fu C Y.The seven classes and model of landslide’s classification and the law of landslide’s distribution in Chinese railways.Proc.4th Intern.Cong.IAEG,New Delhi,1982,Vol.3:161—168.
[17]Scheidegger A E.Ai N S.Clay slides and debria-flow in the Wudu region and their tectonic implication.科学控索学报,1987,7(1):253—264.又见:Scheidegger A E.,艾南山.武都地区的滑坡和泥石流及其构造意义.滑坡文集(兰州滑坡会议论文选集),北京:铁道出版社,1988.413～418.
[18]李后强,等.人地协同论——兼论人地系统的若干非线性动力学问题.地球科学进展,1996,11(2).
[19]Ai N S.Effects of neotectonic stress field on landslides.Proc.4th Intern.Confer.＆Field Workshop on Landslides,Tokyo,1985,433—436.
[20]艾南山.侵蚀流域系统的信息熵.水土保持学报,1987,1(2):1～8.
[21]艾南山,等.再论流域系统的信息熵.水土保持学报,1988,2(4):1～9.
[22]岳天祥,等.流域系统稳定性的判别指标——超熵.水土保持学报,1989,3(3):20～28.
[23]蒋忠信.矩形流域地貌信息熵的探讨.水土保持通报,1989,(6):83～87.
[24]Jiang Z X.Shape of the longtitudinal profile of the valley and superentropy in drainage-system of debris flow.Proc.Intern.Symp.on Debris Flow and Flood Disaster Protec.Emei,China.vol.A,1991.264—269.
[25]艾南山.新构造应力场与公路工程地质们病害和公路建设的几个问题.兰州大学学报(交叉科学辑刊),1987,(1):87～94.
[26]Gu H Y,Ai N S,Zhu H R.,Qian X R.The macro-and micro-analyaes of environment stress field in tunnel engineering.Proc.Intern.Symp.on Low Cost Road Tunnels,Oslo,Sweden,1984,609—624.
[27]陈洪凯,等.岷江航道水毁与新构造应力场的关系探讨.重庆交通学院学报.1993,12(2):58～63.
[28]Scheidegger A E.Hazard:singularities in geomorphicsystems.Geomorphology,1994,(10):19—25.
[29]Scheidegger A E.Theoretical Geomorphology.Third ED.Berlin:Spring-Verlag,1991,260—262.
[30]罗德军,等.泥石流暴发的自组织临界性.山地研究,1995,13(4):213～218.
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