2D多尺度非线性地震速度成像
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摘要
将遗传算法和单纯形算法相结合,得到了一种高效、健全的2D混合地震走时反演方法.把速度场划分为不同的空间尺度,定义网格节点上的速度作为待反演参数,采用双三次样条函数模型参数化,正问题采用有限差分走时计算方法,反问题采用多尺度混合反演方法.首先在较大的空间尺度内反演,然后减小空间尺度,将大尺度的反演结果作为次一级尺度反问题的初始模型,再进行混合反演,如此类推逐次逼近全局最优解.一个低速度异常体的数值模拟试验和抗走时扰动试验表明该方法是有效和健全的.我们将该方法应用到青藏高原东北缘阿尼玛卿缝合带东段上部地壳速度结构研究中,并与前人的成果进行了对比.
A hybrid algorithm of the global genetic algorithm (GA) and the local simplex method are proposed to form an efficient and robust 2D multi-scale non-linear seismic traveltime inversion method. The background velocity field is estimated at a spatially varying grid. The velocities at the nodes of the grid are regarded as inversion parameters. The model is parameterized by a bicubic spline function. The forward problem is calculated by use of the finite-difference method. The inverse problem is solved by the multiscale hybrid inverse method . First,the inversion is done in large spatial scale, and then take its results as the initial value for inversion in next spatial scale. The inversion result will be closer to the global optimization. The method was tested to be efficient and robust by numerical simulating. An anomalous velocity area in the test model could be reconstructed and the result is stable when adding random noise to traveltimes. We also used the method to research the upper crustal structure features of A'nyêmaqên suture zone. At last, we compared our research results with that obtained by use of other method.
A hybrid algorithm of the global genetic algorithm (GA) and the local simplex method are proposed to form an efficient and robust 2D multi-scale non-linear seismic traveltime inversion method. The background velocity field is estimated at a spatially varying grid. The velocities at the nodes of the grid are regarded as inversion parameters. The model is parameterized by a bicubic spline function. The forward problem is calculated by use of the finite-difference method. The inverse problem is solved by the multiscale hybrid inverse method . First,the inversion is done in large spatial scale, and then take its results as the initial value for inversion in next spatial scale. The inversion result will be closer to the global optimization. The method was tested to be efficient and robust by numerical simulating. An anomalous velocity area in the test model could be reconstructed and the result is stable when adding random noise to traveltimes. We also used the method to research the upper crustal structure features of A'nyêmaqên suture zone. At last, we compared our research results with that obtained by use of other method.
引文
[1]Yilmaz O,Chambers R E.Migration velocity analysis by wave-field extraplotion.Geophysics,1984,49:1664~1674
[2]Al-Yahya K M.Velocity analysis byiterative migration.Geophysics,1989,54:718~729
[3]Bishop T,Bube K,Cutler R,et al,Tomographic determination of velocity and depthinlaterally varying media.Geophysics,1985,50:903~923
[4]Kosloff D,Sherwood J,Koren Z,et al.Velocity and interface depth determination by tomography of depth migrated gathers.Geophysics,1996,61:1511~1523
[5]Scales J A.Tomographicinversionviathe conjugate gradient method.Geophysics,1987,52:179~185
[6]White D J.Two-dimensional seismic refraction tomography.Geophys.J.Int,1989,97:223~245
[7]Lutter W J,Nowack R L.Inversion for crustal structure using reflections fromthe PASSCAL Ouachita Experiment.J.Geophys.Res.,1990.95:4633~4646
[8]White DJ,Clowes R M.Shallowcrustal structure beneath the Juan de Fuca Ridge from2-Dseismic refractiontomography.Geophys.J.Int.,1990,100:349~367
[9]Hole J A,Clowes R M,Ellis R M.Interface inversion using broadside seismic refraction data and three-dimensional travel time calculations.J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97:3417~3429
[10]Zelt C A,Smith R B.Seismic traveltime inversion for2-Dcrustal velocity structure.Geophys.J.Int.,1992,108:16~34
[11]McCaughey M,Singh S C.Simultaneous velocity and interface inversion of wide-angle and seismic traveltime data.Geophys.J.Int.,1997,131:87~99
[12]Harmen B,WimS.Nonlinear global P-wave tomography by iterated linearizedinversion.Geophys.J.Int.,2000,141:71~82
[13]Zhang X K.Generalized inversion and its application in inverse scattering problems.Journal ofComputational Mathematics,1989,7(4):374~382
[14]Jin S,Madariaga R.Non-linear velocity inversion by a two step Monte-Carlo method.Geophysics,1994,59:577~590
[15]Kirkpatrick S,Gelatt C D,Vecchi MP.Optimisation by simulated annealing.Science,1983,220:671~680
[16]Landa E,Beydoun W,Tarantola A.Reference velocity model estimation from prestack waveforms:coherence optimization by simulated annealing.Geophysics,1989,54:984~990
[17]Sen M K,Stoffa P L.Nonliear one-dimensional seismic waveform inversion using simulated annealing.Geophysics,1991,56:1624~1638
[18]Jin S,Madariaga R.Background velocity inversion with a genetic algorithm.Geophysical Research Letters,1993,20:93~96
[19]Stoffa P L,Sen M K.Nonlinear multiparameter optimization using genetic algorithms:inversion of plane-wave seismogram.Geophysics,1991,56(11):1794~1810
[20]Smith M L,Scales J A,Fischer T L.Golbal search and genetic algorithms.The Leading Edge ofExploration,1992,11(1):22~26
[21]Sambridge M,Drijkoningen G.Genetic algorithms in seismic waveforminversion.Geophys.J.Int.,1992,109:323~342
[22]石耀霖.遗传算法在地球物理反演问题中的一些应用.地球物理学报,1992,35(增刊),367~371Shi Y L.Some applications of genetic algorithm in geophysical inversion problems.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1992,35(Suppl.):367~371
[23]Cary P W,Chapman C H.Automatic1-D waveform inversion of marine seismic reflection data.Geophys.J.Int.,1988,93:527~546
[24]Stork C,Kusuma T.Hybrid genetic autostatics:New approach for large-amplitude statics with noisy data:62ndAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Of Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1992,1127~1131
[25]Liu P C,Ji C,Hartsell S H.An improved simulated annealing-downhill simplex hybrid global inverse algorithm.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38(2):123~134
[26]Chunduru R K,Sen MK,Stoffa P L.Hybrid optimization methodsfor geophysical inversion.Geophysics,1997,62:1196~1207
[27]Jin S,Beydoun W.2D multiscale non-linear velocity inversion.Geophysical Prospecting,2000,48:163~180
[28]Improta L,Zollo A,Herrero A,et al.Seismic imaging of complex structures by non-lineartraveltimeinversionof dense wide-angle data:applicationto a thrust belt.Geophys.J.Int.,2002,151:264~278
[29]崔建文.一种改进的全局优化算法及其在面波频散曲线反演中的应用.地球物理学报,2004,47(3):521~527Cui J W.Animproved global optimization method andits application to the inversion of surface wave dispersion curves.Chinese J Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(3):521~527
[30]Zhao P.An efficient computer programfor wavefront calculation by the finite difference method.Computers&Geosciences,1996,22(3):239~251
[31]Schneider WA,Kurt J,Ranzinger A,Balch AH,et al.Adynamic programming approach to first traveltime compution in media with arbitrarily distributed velocities.Geophysics,1992,57(1):39~50
[32]Pascal P,Isabelle L.Finite difference computionof traveltimeinvery contrasted velocity models:a massively parallel approach and its associatedtools.Geophys.J.Int,1991,105(1):271~284
[33]Nelder J A,Mead R.Asimplex method for function minimization.Computer Journal,1965,7:308~313
[34]李松林,张先康,张成科等.玛沁—兰州—靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(2):210~217Li S L,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.Apreliminary study on the crustal velocitystructure of Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian by means of deep seismic sounding profile.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(2):210~217
[35]王椿镛,韩渭滨,吴建平等.松潘—甘孜造山带的地壳结构.地震学报,2003,25(3):229~241Wang C Y,Han WB,Wu J P,et al.Crustal structure beneath the Songpan-Garze orogenic belt.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(3):229~241
[36]张先康,李松林,王夫运等.青藏高原东北缘、鄂尔多斯和唐山的地壳结构差异———深地震测深结果.地震地质,2003,25(1):52~62Zhang X K,Li S L,Wang F Y,et al.Difference of crustal structures in northeastern edge of Tibet plateau,Ordos and Tangshan earthquake regionin north China-results of deep seismic sounding.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2003,25(1):52~62
[37]郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉等.青藏高原东北缘—鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔地震层析成像研究.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):790~797Guo B,Liu QY,ChenJ H,et al.Seismic imaging of the crust and upper mantle beneath the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the Ordos area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):790~797
[38]陈九辉,刘启元,李顺成等.青藏高原东北缘—鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔S波速度结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):333~342Chen J H,Liu QY,Li S C,et al.Crust and upper mantle S-wave velocity structure across northeastern Tibetan plateau and Ordos block.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):333~342
[39]汤吉,詹艳,赵国泽等.青藏高原东北缘玛沁—兰州—靖边剖面地壳上地幔电性结构研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1205~1216Tang J,Zhan Y,Zhao GZ,et al.Electrical conductivity structure of the crust and upper mantle in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai Tibet plateau along the profile Maqen-Lanzhou-Jingbian.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1205~1216
[40]张培震,邓起东,张国民等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):12~20Zhang P Z,Deng QD,Zhang G M,et al.Strong earthquake activity and active blocks in Chinese mainland.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2003,33(Suppl.):12~20
[41]徐朝繁,张先康,张建狮等.射线数分布分析法及其在地壳上部复杂结构探测中的应用.地震学报,2006,19(2):167~175Xu Z F,Zhang XK,ZhangJ S,et al.Ray hit analysis method andits application to complex upper crustal structure survey.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,19(2):173~182
[42]马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989.49,54,55Ma X Y.Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989.49,54,55
[2]Al-Yahya K M.Velocity analysis byiterative migration.Geophysics,1989,54:718~729
[3]Bishop T,Bube K,Cutler R,et al,Tomographic determination of velocity and depthinlaterally varying media.Geophysics,1985,50:903~923
[4]Kosloff D,Sherwood J,Koren Z,et al.Velocity and interface depth determination by tomography of depth migrated gathers.Geophysics,1996,61:1511~1523
[5]Scales J A.Tomographicinversionviathe conjugate gradient method.Geophysics,1987,52:179~185
[6]White D J.Two-dimensional seismic refraction tomography.Geophys.J.Int,1989,97:223~245
[7]Lutter W J,Nowack R L.Inversion for crustal structure using reflections fromthe PASSCAL Ouachita Experiment.J.Geophys.Res.,1990.95:4633~4646
[8]White DJ,Clowes R M.Shallowcrustal structure beneath the Juan de Fuca Ridge from2-Dseismic refractiontomography.Geophys.J.Int.,1990,100:349~367
[9]Hole J A,Clowes R M,Ellis R M.Interface inversion using broadside seismic refraction data and three-dimensional travel time calculations.J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97:3417~3429
[10]Zelt C A,Smith R B.Seismic traveltime inversion for2-Dcrustal velocity structure.Geophys.J.Int.,1992,108:16~34
[11]McCaughey M,Singh S C.Simultaneous velocity and interface inversion of wide-angle and seismic traveltime data.Geophys.J.Int.,1997,131:87~99
[12]Harmen B,WimS.Nonlinear global P-wave tomography by iterated linearizedinversion.Geophys.J.Int.,2000,141:71~82
[13]Zhang X K.Generalized inversion and its application in inverse scattering problems.Journal ofComputational Mathematics,1989,7(4):374~382
[14]Jin S,Madariaga R.Non-linear velocity inversion by a two step Monte-Carlo method.Geophysics,1994,59:577~590
[15]Kirkpatrick S,Gelatt C D,Vecchi MP.Optimisation by simulated annealing.Science,1983,220:671~680
[16]Landa E,Beydoun W,Tarantola A.Reference velocity model estimation from prestack waveforms:coherence optimization by simulated annealing.Geophysics,1989,54:984~990
[17]Sen M K,Stoffa P L.Nonliear one-dimensional seismic waveform inversion using simulated annealing.Geophysics,1991,56:1624~1638
[18]Jin S,Madariaga R.Background velocity inversion with a genetic algorithm.Geophysical Research Letters,1993,20:93~96
[19]Stoffa P L,Sen M K.Nonlinear multiparameter optimization using genetic algorithms:inversion of plane-wave seismogram.Geophysics,1991,56(11):1794~1810
[20]Smith M L,Scales J A,Fischer T L.Golbal search and genetic algorithms.The Leading Edge ofExploration,1992,11(1):22~26
[21]Sambridge M,Drijkoningen G.Genetic algorithms in seismic waveforminversion.Geophys.J.Int.,1992,109:323~342
[22]石耀霖.遗传算法在地球物理反演问题中的一些应用.地球物理学报,1992,35(增刊),367~371Shi Y L.Some applications of genetic algorithm in geophysical inversion problems.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1992,35(Suppl.):367~371
[23]Cary P W,Chapman C H.Automatic1-D waveform inversion of marine seismic reflection data.Geophys.J.Int.,1988,93:527~546
[24]Stork C,Kusuma T.Hybrid genetic autostatics:New approach for large-amplitude statics with noisy data:62ndAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Of Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1992,1127~1131
[25]Liu P C,Ji C,Hartsell S H.An improved simulated annealing-downhill simplex hybrid global inverse algorithm.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38(2):123~134
[26]Chunduru R K,Sen MK,Stoffa P L.Hybrid optimization methodsfor geophysical inversion.Geophysics,1997,62:1196~1207
[27]Jin S,Beydoun W.2D multiscale non-linear velocity inversion.Geophysical Prospecting,2000,48:163~180
[28]Improta L,Zollo A,Herrero A,et al.Seismic imaging of complex structures by non-lineartraveltimeinversionof dense wide-angle data:applicationto a thrust belt.Geophys.J.Int.,2002,151:264~278
[29]崔建文.一种改进的全局优化算法及其在面波频散曲线反演中的应用.地球物理学报,2004,47(3):521~527Cui J W.Animproved global optimization method andits application to the inversion of surface wave dispersion curves.Chinese J Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(3):521~527
[30]Zhao P.An efficient computer programfor wavefront calculation by the finite difference method.Computers&Geosciences,1996,22(3):239~251
[31]Schneider WA,Kurt J,Ranzinger A,Balch AH,et al.Adynamic programming approach to first traveltime compution in media with arbitrarily distributed velocities.Geophysics,1992,57(1):39~50
[32]Pascal P,Isabelle L.Finite difference computionof traveltimeinvery contrasted velocity models:a massively parallel approach and its associatedtools.Geophys.J.Int,1991,105(1):271~284
[33]Nelder J A,Mead R.Asimplex method for function minimization.Computer Journal,1965,7:308~313
[34]李松林,张先康,张成科等.玛沁—兰州—靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(2):210~217Li S L,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.Apreliminary study on the crustal velocitystructure of Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian by means of deep seismic sounding profile.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(2):210~217
[35]王椿镛,韩渭滨,吴建平等.松潘—甘孜造山带的地壳结构.地震学报,2003,25(3):229~241Wang C Y,Han WB,Wu J P,et al.Crustal structure beneath the Songpan-Garze orogenic belt.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(3):229~241
[36]张先康,李松林,王夫运等.青藏高原东北缘、鄂尔多斯和唐山的地壳结构差异———深地震测深结果.地震地质,2003,25(1):52~62Zhang X K,Li S L,Wang F Y,et al.Difference of crustal structures in northeastern edge of Tibet plateau,Ordos and Tangshan earthquake regionin north China-results of deep seismic sounding.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2003,25(1):52~62
[37]郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉等.青藏高原东北缘—鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔地震层析成像研究.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):790~797Guo B,Liu QY,ChenJ H,et al.Seismic imaging of the crust and upper mantle beneath the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the Ordos area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):790~797
[38]陈九辉,刘启元,李顺成等.青藏高原东北缘—鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔S波速度结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):333~342Chen J H,Liu QY,Li S C,et al.Crust and upper mantle S-wave velocity structure across northeastern Tibetan plateau and Ordos block.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):333~342
[39]汤吉,詹艳,赵国泽等.青藏高原东北缘玛沁—兰州—靖边剖面地壳上地幔电性结构研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1205~1216Tang J,Zhan Y,Zhao GZ,et al.Electrical conductivity structure of the crust and upper mantle in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai Tibet plateau along the profile Maqen-Lanzhou-Jingbian.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1205~1216
[40]张培震,邓起东,张国民等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):12~20Zhang P Z,Deng QD,Zhang G M,et al.Strong earthquake activity and active blocks in Chinese mainland.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2003,33(Suppl.):12~20
[41]徐朝繁,张先康,张建狮等.射线数分布分析法及其在地壳上部复杂结构探测中的应用.地震学报,2006,19(2):167~175Xu Z F,Zhang XK,ZhangJ S,et al.Ray hit analysis method andits application to complex upper crustal structure survey.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,19(2):173~182
[42]马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989.49,54,55Ma X Y.Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989.49,54,55
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