裂缝介质中多方位AVO特征分析技术及应用举例
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摘要
有利裂缝发育带及裂缝发育的主方位在储层预测中具有重要的意义。当储层中存在裂缝时,流体与致密岩石的巨大物理性质差异形成一定规模的物理界面,引起储层地震波反射特征的改变,成为地震剖面上反映裂缝存在的重要信息。地层中分布的裂缝,特别是在构造应力作用下形成的具有一定方位性分布的裂缝,其特征可以采用多方位AVO方法进行检测。理论上讲,裂缝对地震属性参数的影响在垂直裂缝走向的方向上表现为最强,在水平裂缝走向的方向上表现为最弱,对AVO属性参数的影响也是如此。因此,对于发育裂缝的储层采用多方位AVO方法进行矢量差异分析可以确定储层中裂缝发育的强度和密度。从理论公式入手讨论了不同入射角、方位角以及不同裂缝倾角情况下裂缝性储层的方位AVO响应,研究了裂缝性储层多方位AVO的变化特征与裂缝走向和倾向的关系,尤其是具有一定倾斜角度的裂缝对地震波方位AVO的响应特征,并用这一方法分析了新疆某油区的有利裂缝发育带,取得了较为理想的效果。
It is important to predict a favorable fractured reservoir and its main azimuth of fractures during the exploration and exploitation of petroleum.When fractures occur in the reservoir,a nature interface can be formed by the huge difference of physical properties between fluids and compacted rocks,and it changes the characteristics of seismic reflection waves of the reservoir.These are the important information of the fractures existence in the seismic sections.AVO can detect fractures in formation,especially those distributed in certain orientation under structural stress.Theoretically,the influence of fractures to seismic attributes may reach maximum in its dip direction,and may reach minimum in its strike direction.And the influence is the same to AVO parameters.Therefore,applying the multi-azimuthal AVO method to fractured reservoirs and its vector difference analysis can determioe the fracture intensity and density of the reservoirs.The authors discuss in detail various azimuthal AVO responses of fractured carbonate reservoirs to various incidence angles,azimuth and fracture dips through theoretical formula,and find the relation between the AVO characteristics of seismic wave and the fracture strike and dip,especially for the tilt fractures,which provides the foundation for the prediction of favorable fractured reservoirs.The theory is successfully applied to the analyzation of the favorable fractured zone of Tarim.
It is important to predict a favorable fractured reservoir and its main azimuth of fractures during the exploration and exploitation of petroleum.When fractures occur in the reservoir,a nature interface can be formed by the huge difference of physical properties between fluids and compacted rocks,and it changes the characteristics of seismic reflection waves of the reservoir.These are the important information of the fractures existence in the seismic sections.AVO can detect fractures in formation,especially those distributed in certain orientation under structural stress.Theoretically,the influence of fractures to seismic attributes may reach maximum in its dip direction,and may reach minimum in its strike direction.And the influence is the same to AVO parameters.Therefore,applying the multi-azimuthal AVO method to fractured reservoirs and its vector difference analysis can determioe the fracture intensity and density of the reservoirs.The authors discuss in detail various azimuthal AVO responses of fractured carbonate reservoirs to various incidence angles,azimuth and fracture dips through theoretical formula,and find the relation between the AVO characteristics of seismic wave and the fracture strike and dip,especially for the tilt fractures,which provides the foundation for the prediction of favorable fractured reservoirs.The theory is successfully applied to the analyzation of the favorable fractured zone of Tarim.
引文
[1]殷八斤.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.
[2]许多,李正文,甘其刚.AVO在复杂碳酸盐岩储层中的应用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):38-40.
[3]朱广生.地震资料储层预测方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:92-106.
[5]张立勤,彭苏萍,李国发,等.方位AVO技术检测储层各向异性的方法和实践[J].天然气工业,2005,25(10):38-40.
[4]陆孟基.地震勘探原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:340-360.
[6]朱海龙,李向阳译.运用正交地震测线P波时差的方位角变化检测裂缝[J].石油物探译丛,2000,2(1):17-26.
[7]莫午零,吴朝东.裂缝性储层AVO模型研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):43-45.
[8]范国章,牟永光,金之钧.裂缝介质中地震波方位AVO特征分析[J].石油学报,2002,23(4):42-45.
[9]周新杜,张林炎,范昆.含油气盆地低渗透储层构造裂缝定量预测方法和实例[J].天然地球科学,2007,18(3):328-333.
[10]Gray D,Roberts G,Head K.Recent advances in determina-tion of fracture strike and crack density from P-wave seismicdata[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(3):280-285.
[11]Ruger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azi-muth in the anisotropic media[C]//SEG Expanded Abstract,1996,66th Annual International Meeting,1810-1813.
[12]Ruger A,Tsvankin I.Using AVO for fracture detection:an-alytic basis and practical solution[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(10):1429-1434.
[13]孙国强,郑建京,胡慧芳,等.关于压陷型沉降拗陷盆地——以柴达木盆地为例[J].天然地球科学,2004,15(4):395-400.
[14]栗维民,张考文,任红,等.三塘湖盆地构造应力场特征[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(1):6-9.
[15]陈煦,倪联滨.三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷芦草沟组储层特征及裂缝分布规律[J].中国石油勘探,2007,2:15-20.
[16]Shuey R T.Amplification of the Zoeppritz's equations[J].Geophysics,1985,50(4):609-614.
[2]许多,李正文,甘其刚.AVO在复杂碳酸盐岩储层中的应用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(12):38-40.
[3]朱广生.地震资料储层预测方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:92-106.
[5]张立勤,彭苏萍,李国发,等.方位AVO技术检测储层各向异性的方法和实践[J].天然气工业,2005,25(10):38-40.
[4]陆孟基.地震勘探原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:340-360.
[6]朱海龙,李向阳译.运用正交地震测线P波时差的方位角变化检测裂缝[J].石油物探译丛,2000,2(1):17-26.
[7]莫午零,吴朝东.裂缝性储层AVO模型研究[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):43-45.
[8]范国章,牟永光,金之钧.裂缝介质中地震波方位AVO特征分析[J].石油学报,2002,23(4):42-45.
[9]周新杜,张林炎,范昆.含油气盆地低渗透储层构造裂缝定量预测方法和实例[J].天然地球科学,2007,18(3):328-333.
[10]Gray D,Roberts G,Head K.Recent advances in determina-tion of fracture strike and crack density from P-wave seismicdata[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(3):280-285.
[11]Ruger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azi-muth in the anisotropic media[C]//SEG Expanded Abstract,1996,66th Annual International Meeting,1810-1813.
[12]Ruger A,Tsvankin I.Using AVO for fracture detection:an-alytic basis and practical solution[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(10):1429-1434.
[13]孙国强,郑建京,胡慧芳,等.关于压陷型沉降拗陷盆地——以柴达木盆地为例[J].天然地球科学,2004,15(4):395-400.
[14]栗维民,张考文,任红,等.三塘湖盆地构造应力场特征[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(1):6-9.
[15]陈煦,倪联滨.三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷芦草沟组储层特征及裂缝分布规律[J].中国石油勘探,2007,2:15-20.
[16]Shuey R T.Amplification of the Zoeppritz's equations[J].Geophysics,1985,50(4):609-614.
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