落球撞击岩石热红外辐射温度的时延特征
摘要
采用热红外(T IR)成像技术和落球撞击实验,对大理岩、花岗闪长岩、红色斑状花岗岩、辉长岩和砂岩等5类典型地壳岩石试件进行了热红外辐射观测.通过对靶元区域受撞击前后T IR辐射温度进行图像处理,对靶元红外辐射的时延特征进行了研究,得到了相应的辐射温度时延曲线,分析了影响时延曲线形态的相关因素,并对相同撞击条件下不同岩石以及不同湿度岩石的时延曲线特征进行了比较.结果表明:岩石撞击靶元T IR辐射温度的时延曲线形态与撞击速度有关;撞击前后红外辐射的升温幅度、时延曲线的离散性、局部波动性、单调性和斜率等5项特征指标受岩石热导率、比热和发射率等影响;干燥岩石撞击后的T IR升温幅度要稍大于潮湿岩石,干燥岩石的降温要快于潮湿岩石.
By means of thermal infrared (TIR) imaging detecting on rock impacted by free-falling steel ball, the rock target's TIR temperature of five typical crust rocks was detected. The time dependent features of TIR radiation temperature of target area were researched by using the professional graphic software. The time dependent curves were reported and the influencing factors of curve pattern were analyzed. The time dependent features of different rocks and same rocks with different moisture under uniform condition were compared. It is shown that the pattern of time dependent curves is related to the impacting velocity, and its five characteristic indexes, i.e., the rise amplitude of TIR temperature, discreteness, wave character, monotonicity and slope coefficient of time dependent curves, were influenced by heat conductivity, specific heat and emissivity of rocks. The rise amplitude of dry rock's TIR temperature is higher than that of wet rock, and the TIR temperature of dry rock falls down faster than that of wet rock.
By means of thermal infrared (TIR) imaging detecting on rock impacted by free-falling steel ball, the rock target's TIR temperature of five typical crust rocks was detected. The time dependent features of TIR radiation temperature of target area were researched by using the professional graphic software. The time dependent curves were reported and the influencing factors of curve pattern were analyzed. The time dependent features of different rocks and same rocks with different moisture under uniform condition were compared. It is shown that the pattern of time dependent curves is related to the impacting velocity, and its five characteristic indexes, i.e., the rise amplitude of TIR temperature, discreteness, wave character, monotonicity and slope coefficient of time dependent curves, were influenced by heat conductivity, specific heat and emissivity of rocks. The rise amplitude of dry rock's TIR temperature is higher than that of wet rock, and the TIR temperature of dry rock falls down faster than that of wet rock.
引文
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[4]Luong M P.In frared therm ograph ic observations ofrock fa ilure[J].In:Hudson J A.Com prehensiveR ock Eng ineering P rincip lesd,P ractice&P rojects[C].Ox ford:Pergam on P ress,1993.715-730.
[5]Cu i C Y,Zhang J K,X iao Q,et al.M on itoring thetherm al IR anom aly of Zhangbei earthquake precursorby satellite rem ote sensing techn ique[A].In:P roc.20th A sia RS Congress[C],Hong K ong,1999,1179-1184.
[6]Q iang Z J,D ian C G,L i L Z,et al.Satellite therm alin frared brigh tness tem perature anom aly im age-short-term and im pend ing earthquake precursors[J].Science in Ch ina(Science D),1999,42(3):313-324.
[7]W u L X,W u Y H,L iu S J,et al.In frared rad iationof rock im pacted at low velocity[J].In ternationalJournal of R ock M echan ics&M in ing Sciences,2004,41(2):321-327.
[8]吴立新,吴育华,刘善军,等.遥感-岩石力学(V II)——岩石低速撞击的热红外遥感成像实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(9):1439-1445.W u L X,W u Y H,L iu S J,et al.R em ote sensing-rock m echan ics(V II)——therm al in frared im ag ingdetection of rock im paction w ith low velocity[J].Ch inese Journal of R ock M echan ics&Eng ineering,2004,23(9):1439-1445.
[9]汪浩.岩石的工程性质[M].徐州:中国矿业学院出版社,1988.
[10]陈禺页,黄庭芳.岩石物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[11]易志新,熊亮萍.地热学导论[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
[12]李夕兵.岩石冲击动力学[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1994.
[13]Sk jaerstein A,S tavropou lou M.Hydrodynam ic ero-sion:a poten tial m echan ism of sand production inw eak sandstones[J].In ternational Journal of R ockM echan ics&M in ing Sciences,1997,34(3/4):463-755.
[14]韩玉阁,宣益民.大气传输特性对目标与背景红外辐射特性的影响[J].应用光学,2002,23(6):8-11.H an Y G,X uan Y M.E ffect of atm ospherictransm ission on irrad iation feature of target andbackground[J].A pp lied Optics,2002,23(6):8-11.
[15]W iggenhauserH.A ctive IR-app lications in civ il eng-ineering[J].In frared Physics&T echnology,2002(43):233-238.
[16]A vdelid is N P,M oropou lou A,Theou lak is P,et al.D etection of w ater deposits and m ovem en t in porousm aterials by in frared im ag ing[J].In frared Physics&T echnology,2003(44):183-190.
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