构造磁学及其预测地震研究
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摘要
地震现场的构造磁学观测研究表明 ,在地震之前与地震之时存在明显的磁场异常变化。震磁前兆基本上是近场效应 ,其震中距为几公里至几十公里 ,其变化幅度为几 n T,前兆时间为几天至一年多。火山构造磁学研究的新进展 ,进一步表明了火山磁效应与地震、形变、破裂、喷发等火山活动状态密切相关 ,为监测与预测火山喷发灾害提供了重要的基础与方法。根据构造磁学的物理基础 ,积极开展了地震预测研究 ,显示了构造磁学在地震预测研究中的良好前景 ,但目前仍处于积累资料与试验阶段 ,今后应当进一步观测研究。
The tectonomagnetism investigations in the earthquake region show that obvious anomalous changes in the magnetic field exist pre and co earthquakes. The seismomagnetic precursors basically are near field effects; the epicentral distances are several to tens km; the change amplitudes are several nT; the time precursors last is several days to more than one year. New progresses of the research on volcano tectonomagnetism further show that the volcano magnetic effects are closely related to the volcano activity states, such as volcano earthquake, deformation, fracture and eruption; it provides important basis and method for monitoring and predicting volcano eruption hazards. According to the physical basis of tectonomagnetism, earthquake prediction is actively carried out, showing a perspective earthquake prediction research by means of tectonomagnetism. However, it is still situated at the period of data accumulation and the trial stage, and further observation and research should be made in the future.
The tectonomagnetism investigations in the earthquake region show that obvious anomalous changes in the magnetic field exist pre and co earthquakes. The seismomagnetic precursors basically are near field effects; the epicentral distances are several to tens km; the change amplitudes are several nT; the time precursors last is several days to more than one year. New progresses of the research on volcano tectonomagnetism further show that the volcano magnetic effects are closely related to the volcano activity states, such as volcano earthquake, deformation, fracture and eruption; it provides important basis and method for monitoring and predicting volcano eruption hazards. According to the physical basis of tectonomagnetism, earthquake prediction is actively carried out, showing a perspective earthquake prediction research by means of tectonomagnetism. However, it is still situated at the period of data accumulation and the trial stage, and further observation and research should be made in the future.
引文
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[2 ] Rikitake T,Honkura Y. Tectonomagnetism [M]. Solid Earth Geomagnetism Terra ScientificPublishing,Tokyo Japan,1 985.1 71 - 1 91 .
[3] Johnston M. Tectonomagnetism and tectonoelectricity[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1 987,2 5:983-988.
[4] Zhan Zhijia. Investigations of teconomagnetic phenomena in China[J]. Physicsof the Earth andPlanetary Interrrors,1 989,57:1 1 - 2 2 .
[5] Mueller R,Johnston M. Review ofmagnetic field monitoring near active faults and volcanic calderesin California1 974～ 1 995[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1 998,1 0 5(1 ) :1 31 - 1 44 .
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[7] Davis P,Johnston M.Localized geomagnetic field changes near active faults in California1 974～1 980 [J].JGeophys Res,1 983,88:9452 - 9460 .
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[1 0 ] Iyemori T,Kamei T,Tanaka Y.Co- seismic geomagnetic variations observed atthe1 995Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake[J]. JGeomag Geoelectr,1 996,48(1 ) :1 0 59- 1 0 70 .
[1 1 ] Tanaka T.Volcanomagnetic effewcts on the Unzen volcano(1 990～ 1 992 ) [J].JGeomag Geoeletr,1 995,47:32 5- 336.
[1 2 ] Zlotnicki J,Bof M.Volcanomagnetic signals associated with the quasi- continuous activity of theandetic Merapi volcano Indonesia[J]. Phys Earth Planet Inter,1 998,1 0 5(1 ) :1 1 9- 1 30 .
[1 3] Negro C,Ferrucci,F.Volcanomagnetic effects at Vulcano Island[J].Aeolian Archipelago ItalyGeophys JInt,2 0 0 0 ,1 40 (1 ) :83- 94.
[1 4] Johnston M.Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic activity[J].Surveys in Geophysics,1 997,1 8:441 - 475.
[1 5] Stuart W,Banks P,Sasai Y,et al. Piezomagnetic field for Parkfield fault model[J].JGeophysRes,1 995,1 0 0 (B1 2 ) :2 4 1 0 1 - 2 4 1 1 0 .
[1 6] Sasai Y,Ishikawa Y. Seismomagnetic models for earthquakes in the earthern part of Izu peninsulacentral Japan[J].Annali di Geofisica,1 997,1 2 (2 ) :463- 478.
[1 7] Sakanaka S,Oshiman N,Sumitomo N. A hybrid calculation method of tectonomagnetic effecusing BEM and the surface integral representation of piezomagnetic potential- two dimensionalcase study[J].JGeomag Geoelectr,1 997,49(1 ) :1 0 1 - 1 1 8.
[1 8] Utsugi M,Nishida Y,Sasai Y.Piezomagnetic potentials due to an inclined rectangular fault in asemi- infinite medium[J].Geophys JInt,2 0 0 0 ,1 40 (3) :479- 492 .
[1 9] Shapiro V,Muminov M,Abdullabekov K.High precision magnetometry forearthquake predictionin Uzbekistan:ninety- one forecasts between1 982 and1 992 [A].In:Hayakawa M,Fujinawa Y.Electromagnetic phenomena related to earthquake prediction [C]. Terra Scientific PublishingCompany Tokyo,1 994.37- 42 .
[2 0 ] 国家地震局科技监测司 .地震预测方法实用化研究—地磁地电专辑 [M].北京 :学术书刊出版社 ,1 990 .
[2 1 ] 詹志佳 ,马森林 ,彭纯一 ,等 .地磁趋势变化异常前兆与地震预报方法研究 [A].国家地震局科技监测司 ,中国地震预报方法研究 [C].北京 :地震出版社 ,1 991 .32 1 - 32 9.
[2 2 ] Zhan Zhijia.Tectonomagnetic observations and earthquake prediction research by geomagneticapproach[M].Technical Reports of the Magnetic Observatory,Tokyo Japan,1 992 .31 8- 332 .
[2 3] Zhan Zhijia,Gao Jintian,Zhang Hongli.Seismomagnetic signal observed in China[A].In:Hayakawa M. Atmospheric and ionospheric electromagnetic phenmana associated withearthquakes[C].Terra Scientific Publlishing Company,Tokyo Japan,1 999.1 0 3- 1 1 4.
[2 4 ] 詹志佳 ,高金田 .关于构造磁学研究 [A].中国科学院地球物理研究所 .地磁、大气、空间研究及应用[C].北京 :地震出版社 ,1 996.1 1 6- 1 2 4 .
[2 ] Rikitake T,Honkura Y. Tectonomagnetism [M]. Solid Earth Geomagnetism Terra ScientificPublishing,Tokyo Japan,1 985.1 71 - 1 91 .
[3] Johnston M. Tectonomagnetism and tectonoelectricity[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1 987,2 5:983-988.
[4] Zhan Zhijia. Investigations of teconomagnetic phenomena in China[J]. Physicsof the Earth andPlanetary Interrrors,1 989,57:1 1 - 2 2 .
[5] Mueller R,Johnston M. Review ofmagnetic field monitoring near active faults and volcanic calderesin California1 974～ 1 995[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1 998,1 0 5(1 ) :1 31 - 1 44 .
[6] Smith B,Johnston M. A tectonomagnetic effect observed before a magnitude 5.2 earthquake nearHollister California[J].JGeophys Res,1 976,81 :3556- 3560 .
[7] Davis P,Johnston M.Localized geomagnetic field changes near active faults in California1 974～1 980 [J].JGeophys Res,1 983,88:9452 - 9460 .
[8] Rikitake T,Honkura Y,Tanaka H,et al.Changes in the geomagnetic field associated withearthquakes in the Izu Peninsula Japan[J]. JGeomag Geoelectr,1 980 ,32 :72 1 - 739.
[9] Sasai Y,Ishikawa Y.Tectonomagnetic signals related to the seismo- volcanic activty in the IzuPeninsula[J]. JPhys Earth,1 991 ,39:2 99- 31 9.
[1 0 ] Iyemori T,Kamei T,Tanaka Y.Co- seismic geomagnetic variations observed atthe1 995Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake[J]. JGeomag Geoelectr,1 996,48(1 ) :1 0 59- 1 0 70 .
[1 1 ] Tanaka T.Volcanomagnetic effewcts on the Unzen volcano(1 990～ 1 992 ) [J].JGeomag Geoeletr,1 995,47:32 5- 336.
[1 2 ] Zlotnicki J,Bof M.Volcanomagnetic signals associated with the quasi- continuous activity of theandetic Merapi volcano Indonesia[J]. Phys Earth Planet Inter,1 998,1 0 5(1 ) :1 1 9- 1 30 .
[1 3] Negro C,Ferrucci,F.Volcanomagnetic effects at Vulcano Island[J].Aeolian Archipelago ItalyGeophys JInt,2 0 0 0 ,1 40 (1 ) :83- 94.
[1 4] Johnston M.Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic activity[J].Surveys in Geophysics,1 997,1 8:441 - 475.
[1 5] Stuart W,Banks P,Sasai Y,et al. Piezomagnetic field for Parkfield fault model[J].JGeophysRes,1 995,1 0 0 (B1 2 ) :2 4 1 0 1 - 2 4 1 1 0 .
[1 6] Sasai Y,Ishikawa Y. Seismomagnetic models for earthquakes in the earthern part of Izu peninsulacentral Japan[J].Annali di Geofisica,1 997,1 2 (2 ) :463- 478.
[1 7] Sakanaka S,Oshiman N,Sumitomo N. A hybrid calculation method of tectonomagnetic effecusing BEM and the surface integral representation of piezomagnetic potential- two dimensionalcase study[J].JGeomag Geoelectr,1 997,49(1 ) :1 0 1 - 1 1 8.
[1 8] Utsugi M,Nishida Y,Sasai Y.Piezomagnetic potentials due to an inclined rectangular fault in asemi- infinite medium[J].Geophys JInt,2 0 0 0 ,1 40 (3) :479- 492 .
[1 9] Shapiro V,Muminov M,Abdullabekov K.High precision magnetometry forearthquake predictionin Uzbekistan:ninety- one forecasts between1 982 and1 992 [A].In:Hayakawa M,Fujinawa Y.Electromagnetic phenomena related to earthquake prediction [C]. Terra Scientific PublishingCompany Tokyo,1 994.37- 42 .
[2 0 ] 国家地震局科技监测司 .地震预测方法实用化研究—地磁地电专辑 [M].北京 :学术书刊出版社 ,1 990 .
[2 1 ] 詹志佳 ,马森林 ,彭纯一 ,等 .地磁趋势变化异常前兆与地震预报方法研究 [A].国家地震局科技监测司 ,中国地震预报方法研究 [C].北京 :地震出版社 ,1 991 .32 1 - 32 9.
[2 2 ] Zhan Zhijia.Tectonomagnetic observations and earthquake prediction research by geomagneticapproach[M].Technical Reports of the Magnetic Observatory,Tokyo Japan,1 992 .31 8- 332 .
[2 3] Zhan Zhijia,Gao Jintian,Zhang Hongli.Seismomagnetic signal observed in China[A].In:Hayakawa M. Atmospheric and ionospheric electromagnetic phenmana associated withearthquakes[C].Terra Scientific Publlishing Company,Tokyo Japan,1 999.1 0 3- 1 1 4.
[2 4 ] 詹志佳 ,高金田 .关于构造磁学研究 [A].中国科学院地球物理研究所 .地磁、大气、空间研究及应用[C].北京 :地震出版社 ,1 996.1 1 6- 1 2 4 .
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