径向道变换压制相干噪声方法研究
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摘要
径向道变换(Radial Trace Transform)是将地震道集振幅值从偏移距-双程旅行时坐标系变换到视速度-双程旅行时坐标系,通过这种坐标系的变换,使相干噪声与有效信号在视速度和频率方面都有效分离.本文在介绍RT变换基本原理基础上,分析了RT变换中两种常用插值方法及其特点.并利用对模拟地震资料的处理,证明了RT域模拟-相减法较其带通滤波法在相干噪声压制与反射信号保持方面具有明显优势.最后,根据噪声特点,通过选择合理RT滤波参数,对实际地震资料进行处理试验,获得了较好的去噪效果,明显提高了资料信噪比,验证了研究方法的有效性.
The radial trace(RT) transform maps wavefield amplitudes from coordinates of offset and traveltime to those of apparent velocity and traveltime,and isolates coherent noise events in terms of both apparent velocity and frequency from the reflection wavefield.The paper describes the principle of radial trace transform,and compares the characters of two interpolation methods in common use.The model seismic data processing shows that the model-subtract method is more superior to the bandpass filtering in coherent noise attenuation and effective signal reservation in the radial trace domain.Finally,according to the characters of noise,preferable processing result of a practical shot gather that has obviously improved S/N ratio is obtained after RT filtering with suitable filtering parameters.And the effectiveness of this method is demonstrated.
The radial trace(RT) transform maps wavefield amplitudes from coordinates of offset and traveltime to those of apparent velocity and traveltime,and isolates coherent noise events in terms of both apparent velocity and frequency from the reflection wavefield.The paper describes the principle of radial trace transform,and compares the characters of two interpolation methods in common use.The model seismic data processing shows that the model-subtract method is more superior to the bandpass filtering in coherent noise attenuation and effective signal reservation in the radial trace domain.Finally,according to the characters of noise,preferable processing result of a practical shot gather that has obviously improved S/N ratio is obtained after RT filtering with suitable filtering parameters.And the effectiveness of this method is demonstrated.
引文
[1]罗省贤,李录明.几种叠前去噪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(3):411~417.Luo X X,Li L M.Some methods for prestack noise elimina-tion[J].OGP,1997,32(3):411~417.
[2]朱光明.小波变换及其在一维滤波中的应用[J].石油物探,1993,32(1):1~10.Zhu Guangming.Wavelet transform and its application to 1-D filtering[J].GPP,1993,32(1):1~10.
[3]夏洪瑞,朱勇,周开明.小波变换及其在去噪中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(3):274~285.Xia H R,Zhu Y,Zhou K M.Wavelet transform and its appli-cation to noise elimination[J].OGP,1994,29(3):274~285.
[4]高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,陈文超,郑庆庆.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1155~1163.Gao J H,Mao J,Man W S,Chen W C,Zheng Q Q.On thedenoising method of prestack seismic data in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1155~1163.
[5]高静怀,万涛,陈文超,毛剑.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1802~1812.Gao J H,Wan T,Chen W C,Mao J.Three parameter wave-let and its applications to seismic data processing[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1802~1812.
[6]柳建新,韩世礼,马捷.小波分析在地震资料去噪中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):541~545.Liu J X,Han S L,Ma J.Application of wavelet analysis inseismic data denoising[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chi-nese),2006,21(2):541~545.
[7]金雷,李月,杨宝俊.用时频峰值滤波方法消减地震勘探资料中随机噪声的初步研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):724~728.Jin L,Li Y,Yang B J.Reduction of random noise for seismicdata by time-frequency peak filtering[J].Progress in Geo-physics(in Chinese),2005,20(3):724~728.
[8]钟伟,杨宝俊,张智.多项式拟合技术在强噪声地震资料中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):184~189.Zhong W,Yang B J,Zhang Z.Research on application of pol-ynomial fitting technique in highly noisy seismic data[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):184~189.
[9]张文坡,陈湛文.线性化空间变换叠前与叠后地震记录去噪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):190~193.Zhang W P,Chen Z W.Denoise method for prestack and post-stack seismic records by linear spatial transformation[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):190~193.
[10]张军华,吕宁,田连玉等.地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1083~1091.Zhang J H,LüN,Tian L Y,et al.An overview of themethods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1083~1091.
[11]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,雷凌.地震资料去噪方法综合评述[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(增刊):121~127.Zhang J H,LüN,Tian L Y,Lei L.An overview of themethods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].OGP,2005,40(S1):121~127.
[12]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):546~553.Zhang J H,LüN,Tian L Y,et al.An overview of themethods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):546~553.
[13]Claerbout J F.Slant-stacks and radial traces[R].StanfordExploration Project Report,1975,5:1~12.
[14]Ottolini R.Downward continuation of common midpointgathers by transformation into snell trace coordinates[R].Stanford Exploration Project Report,1979,26:83~94.
[15]Taner M T.Long-period sea-floor multiples and their sup-pression[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1980,28(1):30~48.
[16]Lamont M G,Hartley BM,Uren N F.multiple attenuationusing the MMO and ISR preconditioning transforms[J].Theleading Edge,1999,18(1):110~114.
[17]Claerbout J F.Ground roll and radial traces[J].StanfordExploration Project Report,1983,35:43~54.
[18]Brown M,Claerbout J F.A pseudo-unitary implementationof the radial transform[J].Expanded Abstracts of 70th An-nual Internat SEG Mtg,2000,2115~2118.
[19]Henley D C.The radial trace transform:An effective domainfor coherent noise attenuation and wavefiled separation[J].Expanded Abstracts of 69th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1999,1204~1207.
[20]Henley D C.Coherent noise attenuation in the radial tracedomain[J].Geophysics,2003,68(4):1408~1416.
[21]Henley D C.Coherent noise attenuation in the radial tracedomain:introduction and demonstration[J].CREWES Re-search Report,1999,11:455~491.
[22]Henley D C.Coherent noise attenuation in the radial tracedomain:current practice and enhancements[J].CREWESResearch Report,2002,14:1~13.
[23]余波,黄中玉,谈大龙,徐亦鸣.径向道滤波法去线性干扰[J].石油物探,2005,44(2):109~112.Yu B,Huang Z Y,Tan D L,Xu Y M.RT filter attenuationthe linear noise[J].GPP,2005,44(2):109~112.
[2]朱光明.小波变换及其在一维滤波中的应用[J].石油物探,1993,32(1):1~10.Zhu Guangming.Wavelet transform and its application to 1-D filtering[J].GPP,1993,32(1):1~10.
[3]夏洪瑞,朱勇,周开明.小波变换及其在去噪中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(3):274~285.Xia H R,Zhu Y,Zhou K M.Wavelet transform and its appli-cation to noise elimination[J].OGP,1994,29(3):274~285.
[4]高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,陈文超,郑庆庆.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1155~1163.Gao J H,Mao J,Man W S,Chen W C,Zheng Q Q.On thedenoising method of prestack seismic data in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1155~1163.
[5]高静怀,万涛,陈文超,毛剑.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1802~1812.Gao J H,Wan T,Chen W C,Mao J.Three parameter wave-let and its applications to seismic data processing[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1802~1812.
[6]柳建新,韩世礼,马捷.小波分析在地震资料去噪中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):541~545.Liu J X,Han S L,Ma J.Application of wavelet analysis inseismic data denoising[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chi-nese),2006,21(2):541~545.
[7]金雷,李月,杨宝俊.用时频峰值滤波方法消减地震勘探资料中随机噪声的初步研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):724~728.Jin L,Li Y,Yang B J.Reduction of random noise for seismicdata by time-frequency peak filtering[J].Progress in Geo-physics(in Chinese),2005,20(3):724~728.
[8]钟伟,杨宝俊,张智.多项式拟合技术在强噪声地震资料中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):184~189.Zhong W,Yang B J,Zhang Z.Research on application of pol-ynomial fitting technique in highly noisy seismic data[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):184~189.
[9]张文坡,陈湛文.线性化空间变换叠前与叠后地震记录去噪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):190~193.Zhang W P,Chen Z W.Denoise method for prestack and post-stack seismic records by linear spatial transformation[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):190~193.
[10]张军华,吕宁,田连玉等.地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1083~1091.Zhang J H,LüN,Tian L Y,et al.An overview of themethods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1083~1091.
[11]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,雷凌.地震资料去噪方法综合评述[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(增刊):121~127.Zhang J H,LüN,Tian L Y,Lei L.An overview of themethods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].OGP,2005,40(S1):121~127.
[12]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):546~553.Zhang J H,LüN,Tian L Y,et al.An overview of themethods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):546~553.
[13]Claerbout J F.Slant-stacks and radial traces[R].StanfordExploration Project Report,1975,5:1~12.
[14]Ottolini R.Downward continuation of common midpointgathers by transformation into snell trace coordinates[R].Stanford Exploration Project Report,1979,26:83~94.
[15]Taner M T.Long-period sea-floor multiples and their sup-pression[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1980,28(1):30~48.
[16]Lamont M G,Hartley BM,Uren N F.multiple attenuationusing the MMO and ISR preconditioning transforms[J].Theleading Edge,1999,18(1):110~114.
[17]Claerbout J F.Ground roll and radial traces[J].StanfordExploration Project Report,1983,35:43~54.
[18]Brown M,Claerbout J F.A pseudo-unitary implementationof the radial transform[J].Expanded Abstracts of 70th An-nual Internat SEG Mtg,2000,2115~2118.
[19]Henley D C.The radial trace transform:An effective domainfor coherent noise attenuation and wavefiled separation[J].Expanded Abstracts of 69th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1999,1204~1207.
[20]Henley D C.Coherent noise attenuation in the radial tracedomain[J].Geophysics,2003,68(4):1408~1416.
[21]Henley D C.Coherent noise attenuation in the radial tracedomain:introduction and demonstration[J].CREWES Re-search Report,1999,11:455~491.
[22]Henley D C.Coherent noise attenuation in the radial tracedomain:current practice and enhancements[J].CREWESResearch Report,2002,14:1~13.
[23]余波,黄中玉,谈大龙,徐亦鸣.径向道滤波法去线性干扰[J].石油物探,2005,44(2):109~112.Yu B,Huang Z Y,Tan D L,Xu Y M.RT filter attenuationthe linear noise[J].GPP,2005,44(2):109~112.
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