海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷贝西地区南屯组层序地层特征
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摘要
应用沉积学和层序地层学的原理和方法,利用地震、钻井、岩心等资料,结合盆地区域构造演化特征,建立了海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷贝西地区南屯组层序地层格架,将南屯组划分为1个超层序、4个三级层序、11个体系域。在层序格架内共识别出扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、湖底扇、湖泊4种主要沉积相类型及8种亚相类型。南屯组沉积时期区内经历了初始沉降-快速沉降-沉降减弱-萎缩的构造演化过程,并形成与其对应的4个三级层序:SQ1沉积时期,研究区为分割的断陷盆地,湖盆规模较小,主要发育扇(辫状河)三角洲;SQ2沉积时期,湖盆规模迅速增大,统一的湖盆基本形成,沉积格局与SQ1时期相似,但有所不同的是区内西南缘出现物源供给,形成扇三角洲沉积;SQ3沉积时期,湖盆规模最大,区内各个物源方向的扇(辫状河)三角洲沉积规模明显减小,湖底扇及滑塌浊积体等重力流深水沉积相对发育;SQ4沉积时期,湖盆萎缩,湖盆规模迅速减小,同时东南部物源供给不足,造成东南部辫状河三角洲沉积几乎消失。生储盖组合及成藏条件综合分析表明:SQ2、SQ3低位体系域及高位体系域发育优质储层,并由于紧邻规模较大的烃源岩,在邻近断裂发育地区易形成断块圈闭及断背斜圈闭;在斜坡地区和缓坡带可形成不整合面作为遮挡的不整合-岩性圈闭及以各类砂体作为储集空间的地层超覆圈闭。
Seismic data,logging,cores,connecting with the characteristic of structure evolution are used to establish the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Nantun Formation in the western area of Beier depression,Hailaer basin.The Nantun Formation in the study area finally can be divided into one supersequence,four three-order sequences and eleven systems tracts.There are four facies including fan delta,braid river delta,sublacustrine fan and lake,and eight subfacies can be identified in the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Nantun Formation.During the depositing period of Nantun Formation,the study area experienced the tectonic evolution process which experienced from initial subsidence state to a rapid subsidence stage,then to a subsidence decrease stage,and to a shrink stage finally,which respectively corresponded with four three-order sequences.In the depositing period of sequence SQ1,this area was a separated rifted basin,fan delta mainly formed in the northwest and northeast of the area,and braid river delta mainly formed in the southeast of the area;at this time,the area of lake basin is also small.During the depositing period of sequence SQ2,the area of lake basin expanded rapidly with the lake level rising and finally formed a unified lake basin;the sedimentary framework is similar to the depositing period of sequence SQ1,but the difference is that in the southwest of this area,a provenance appeared and then fan delta sedimentary began.In the depositing period of sequence SQ3,the lake-basin area reached to the largest scale;the area scale of all fan(braid river) deltas from corresponding respective provenance direction obviously reduced and deep water sediments including sublacustrine fan and fluxoturbidite formed relatively more.In the depositing period of sequence SQ4,the lake basin area scale decrease rapidly;meanwhile,the sediment from the southeastern provenance supplied not enough to the basin,leading to the braid river delta in the southeast of centre almost disappear at that time.On the basis of comprehensive research on the reservoir-cap combination distribution and the conditions of the migration and accumulation of oil and gas,it shows that most favorable reservoir-cap combination formed in the lowstand system tracts and the highstand system tracts of sequence SQ2 and SQ3 of the Nantun Formation.These fault development areas are prone to form block fault traps and fault anticline traps because of having preferable reservoir rock and being near the hydrocarbon source rock.The slope and ramp can form unconformity-lithologic traps by the unconformity as the barrier bed and the stratigraphic overlap traps by all kinds of sand bodies as the reservoirs.
Seismic data,logging,cores,connecting with the characteristic of structure evolution are used to establish the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Nantun Formation in the western area of Beier depression,Hailaer basin.The Nantun Formation in the study area finally can be divided into one supersequence,four three-order sequences and eleven systems tracts.There are four facies including fan delta,braid river delta,sublacustrine fan and lake,and eight subfacies can be identified in the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Nantun Formation.During the depositing period of Nantun Formation,the study area experienced the tectonic evolution process which experienced from initial subsidence state to a rapid subsidence stage,then to a subsidence decrease stage,and to a shrink stage finally,which respectively corresponded with four three-order sequences.In the depositing period of sequence SQ1,this area was a separated rifted basin,fan delta mainly formed in the northwest and northeast of the area,and braid river delta mainly formed in the southeast of the area;at this time,the area of lake basin is also small.During the depositing period of sequence SQ2,the area of lake basin expanded rapidly with the lake level rising and finally formed a unified lake basin;the sedimentary framework is similar to the depositing period of sequence SQ1,but the difference is that in the southwest of this area,a provenance appeared and then fan delta sedimentary began.In the depositing period of sequence SQ3,the lake-basin area reached to the largest scale;the area scale of all fan(braid river) deltas from corresponding respective provenance direction obviously reduced and deep water sediments including sublacustrine fan and fluxoturbidite formed relatively more.In the depositing period of sequence SQ4,the lake basin area scale decrease rapidly;meanwhile,the sediment from the southeastern provenance supplied not enough to the basin,leading to the braid river delta in the southeast of centre almost disappear at that time.On the basis of comprehensive research on the reservoir-cap combination distribution and the conditions of the migration and accumulation of oil and gas,it shows that most favorable reservoir-cap combination formed in the lowstand system tracts and the highstand system tracts of sequence SQ2 and SQ3 of the Nantun Formation.These fault development areas are prone to form block fault traps and fault anticline traps because of having preferable reservoir rock and being near the hydrocarbon source rock.The slope and ramp can form unconformity-lithologic traps by the unconformity as the barrier bed and the stratigraphic overlap traps by all kinds of sand bodies as the reservoirs.
引文
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[12]鄢继华,陈世悦,姜在兴.东营凹陷北部陡坡带近岸水下扇沉积特征[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(1):12-16.YAN Ji-hua,CHEN Shi-yue,JIANG Zai-xing.Sedimentary characteristics of nearshore subaqueousfans in steep slope of Dongying depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition ofNatural Science,2005,29(1):12-16.
[13]蔺连第,朗艳,金蕙,等.二连盆地乌里雅斯太凹陷早白垩世湖底扇[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):27-32.LIN Lian-di,LANG Yan,JIN Hui,et al.EarlyCretaceous sublacustrine fan in Wuliyasitai sag,Erlian basin[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2005,32(3):27-32.
[14]刘招君.湖泊水下扇沉积特征及影响因素:以伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组为例[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):148-153.LIU Zhao-jun.Lacus subaqueous fan sedimentarycharacteristics and influence factors:a case study ofShuangyang Formation in Moliqing fault subsidenceof Yitong basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(1):148-153.
[15]冯有良.断陷盆地层序格架中岩性地层油气藏分布特征[J].石油学报,2005,26(4):17-22.FENG You-liang.Distribution of stratigraphic andlithologic reservoirs in sequence framework of rift-subsidence basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(4):17-22.
[16]刘宗堡,吕延防,付晓飞,等.三肇凹陷扶余油层沉积特征及油气成藏模式[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2009,39(6):998-1006.LIU Zong-bao,L Yan-fang,FU Xiao-fei,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbonaccumulation model of Fuyu reservoir in Sanzhaodepressiom[J].Journal of Jilin University:EarthScience Edition,2009,39(6):998-1006.
[2]李占东,卢双舫,周件林.海拉尔盆地贝西斜坡北部白垩系南屯组层序界面识别与地层格架研究[J].地层学杂志,2009,33(2):169-176.LI Zhan-dong,LU Shuang-fang,ZHOU Jian-lin.Identification of sequence boundaries and establishmentof sequence stratigraphic framework in the CretaceousNantun Formation in the northern Beixi slope area ofthe Hailaer basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2009,33(2):169-176.
[3]渠永宏,廖远慧,赵利华,等.高分辨率层序地层学在断陷盆地中的应用:以海拉尔盆地贝尔断陷为例[J].石油学报,2006,27(增刊):31-37.QU Yong-hong,LIAO Yuan-hui,ZHAO Li-hua,etal.Application of high-resolution sequencestratigraphy in rift basin:taking Beier fault-depressionof Hailaer basin as example[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(Sup.):31-37.
[4]侯艳平,朱德丰,任延广,等.贝尔凹陷构造演化及其对沉积和油气的控制作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(3):300-307.HOU Yan-ping,ZHU De-feng,REN Yan-guang,etal.Tectonic evolution and its controlling onsedimentation and hydrocarbon accumulation in Beirdepression[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2008,32(3):300-307.
[5]林春明,冯志强,张顺,等.松辽盆地北部白垩系超层序特征[J].古地理学报,2007,9(6):619-634.LIN Chun-ming,FENG Zhi-qiang,ZHANG Shun,etal.Characteristics of the Cretaceous supersequence innorthern Songliao basin[J].Journal ofPalaeogeography,2007,9(6):619-634.
[6]刘招君,董清水,王嗣敏,等.陆相层序地层学导论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:113-137.LIU Zhao-jun,DONG Qing-shui,WANG Si-min,etal.Introduction to continental sequence stratigraphyand application[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,2002:113-137.
[7]张雷,王英民,李树青,等.松辽盆地北部四方台组-明水组高精度层序地层特征与有利区带预测[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2009,40(6):1679-1688.ZHANG Lei,WANG Ying-min,LI Shu-qing,et al.High-resolution sequence stratigraphic characteristicand favorable hydrocarbon accumulation prediction ofSifangtai to Mingshui formation in the north ofSongliao basin[J].Journal of Central SouthUniversity:Science and Technology,2009,40(6):1679-1688.
[8]沈华,李春柏,陈发景,等.伸展断陷盆地的演化特征:以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷为例[J].现代地质,2005,19(2):287-294.SHEN Hua,LI Chun-bai,CHEN Fa-jing,et al.Evolution characteristics of extensional faulteddepression basin:an example from Beier depression inHailaer basin[J].Geoscience,2005,19(2):287-294.
[9]朱筱敏,康安,王贵文.陆相坳陷型和断陷行湖盆层序地层样式探讨[J].沉积学报,2003,21(2):283-287.ZHU Xiao-min,KANG An,WANG Gui-wen.Sequence stratigraphic models of depression andfaulted-down lake basins[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,2003,21(2):283-287.
[10]郭巍,刘招君,董惠民,等.松辽盆地层序地层特征及油气聚集规律[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2004,34(2):216-221.GUO Wei,LIU Zhao-jun,DONG Hui-min,et al.The sequence stratigraphic features and hydrocarbonaccumulation of Songliao basin[J].Journal of JilinUniversity:Earth Science Edition,2004,34(2):216-221.
[11]孙钰,钟建华,姜再兴,等.松辽盆地南部坳陷期层序地层研究[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2006,30(5):1-7.SUN Yu,ZHONG Jian-hua,JIANG Zai-xing,et al.Study of sequence stratigraphy of depression period insouthern Songliao basin[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2006,30(5):1-7.
[12]鄢继华,陈世悦,姜在兴.东营凹陷北部陡坡带近岸水下扇沉积特征[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(1):12-16.YAN Ji-hua,CHEN Shi-yue,JIANG Zai-xing.Sedimentary characteristics of nearshore subaqueousfans in steep slope of Dongying depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition ofNatural Science,2005,29(1):12-16.
[13]蔺连第,朗艳,金蕙,等.二连盆地乌里雅斯太凹陷早白垩世湖底扇[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):27-32.LIN Lian-di,LANG Yan,JIN Hui,et al.EarlyCretaceous sublacustrine fan in Wuliyasitai sag,Erlian basin[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2005,32(3):27-32.
[14]刘招君.湖泊水下扇沉积特征及影响因素:以伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组为例[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):148-153.LIU Zhao-jun.Lacus subaqueous fan sedimentarycharacteristics and influence factors:a case study ofShuangyang Formation in Moliqing fault subsidenceof Yitong basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(1):148-153.
[15]冯有良.断陷盆地层序格架中岩性地层油气藏分布特征[J].石油学报,2005,26(4):17-22.FENG You-liang.Distribution of stratigraphic andlithologic reservoirs in sequence framework of rift-subsidence basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(4):17-22.
[16]刘宗堡,吕延防,付晓飞,等.三肇凹陷扶余油层沉积特征及油气成藏模式[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2009,39(6):998-1006.LIU Zong-bao,L Yan-fang,FU Xiao-fei,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbonaccumulation model of Fuyu reservoir in Sanzhaodepressiom[J].Journal of Jilin University:EarthScience Edition,2009,39(6):998-1006.
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