对水库诱发地震的两点认识
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摘要
本文重点论述了水库诱发地震所具有的2个突出特点:①诱发地震的强度和频度均高于当地天然地震的正常水平,世界上已经发生的4次6级以上破坏性地震甚至发生在历史地震活动的空白区:②岩溶地区水库可能因库水位的快速上升而使溶洞中封闭部分气体产生气爆型水库诱发地震,但气爆型地震震级(M_L)仅为0.6,气爆震源只发生在浅地表处。三峡工程一期、二期蓄水诱发的地震群,其中M_L0.6级以上地震占74%,M_L1.0级以上地震占36%,震源深度在5—16km范围者占48%。M_L2.1级地震的震源机制解显示为四象限分布,显示系水库诱发的构造地震。这对我国西部大规模水电开发有重要的启示意义。
This paper discusses two characteristics of reservoir-induced earthquakes:1) Both intensity and frequency of induced earthquakes are higher than that of the natural earthquakes in same region. For example,four induced earthquakes with M≥6.0 even occurred in the areas with very weak historical earthquake activity in the world;2) The gas explosion in partial confined cave due to fast increase of water level in karst region may also result in induced earthquakes.However,the maximum magnitude of gas explosion induced earthquakes is only M_L0.6,and gas explosion usually occurs in near surface of the ground (above 300m).During the first and the second phase storages of water in the Three Gorges Project on Yangtze River, among more than 2000 micro earthquakes, up to 74% of quakes are with M_L≥0.6 and 36% of quakes are with M_L≥1.0. The depth of 48% quakes is in between 5—16km.Focal mechanism solution of the M_L2.7 earthquakes shows the quadrantal distribution,which proves to be a typical example of reservoir-induced structural events.
This paper discusses two characteristics of reservoir-induced earthquakes:1) Both intensity and frequency of induced earthquakes are higher than that of the natural earthquakes in same region. For example,four induced earthquakes with M≥6.0 even occurred in the areas with very weak historical earthquake activity in the world;2) The gas explosion in partial confined cave due to fast increase of water level in karst region may also result in induced earthquakes.However,the maximum magnitude of gas explosion induced earthquakes is only M_L0.6,and gas explosion usually occurs in near surface of the ground (above 300m).During the first and the second phase storages of water in the Three Gorges Project on Yangtze River, among more than 2000 micro earthquakes, up to 74% of quakes are with M_L≥0.6 and 36% of quakes are with M_L≥1.0. The depth of 48% quakes is in between 5—16km.Focal mechanism solution of the M_L2.7 earthquakes shows the quadrantal distribution,which proves to be a typical example of reservoir-induced structural events.
引文
陈宗梁，1998．世界超级高坝．北京：中国电力出版社．
丁原章等，1989。水库诱发地震．北京：地震出版社．
高师弟，2006．禹贡研究论集．上海：上海古籍出版社．
国家地震局地震研究所，1984．中国诱发地震．北京：地震出版社．
国家地震局地震研究所，1980．丹江口水库诱发地震文集．北京：地震出版社．
胡平，胡毓良，马文涛等，1989．气爆型水库诱发地震的分析．地震地质，11(1)：115—123．
李愿军，刘忠书，1983．邓家桥水库地震．西北地震学报，5(2)：51—54．
李玶，李愿军，杨美娥，2005．长江三峡库区水库诱发地震的研究．中国工程科学，7(6)：14—20．
李胜乐，严尊国，薛军荣等，2003．长江三峡水库蓄水后的首发微震群活动．大地测量与地球动力学，23 (4)：75—79．
汝乃光，牛运光，2001．大坝事故与安全：土石坝．北京：中国水利水电出版社．
汝乃光，姜忠胜，1995．大坝事故与安全：拱坝．北京：中国水利水电出版社．
杨清源，胡毓良，陈献程等，1996．国内外水库诱发地震目录．地震地质，18(4)：453—461．
尹世积，1957．禹贡集解．上海：商务印书馆．
中国大坝编辑组，1980．中国大坝．北京：水利部展览图片社．
Harsh K.Gupta and B.K.Rastogi,1976.Dams and Earthquakes.Amsterdam-Oxford-New York:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.
丁原章等，1989。水库诱发地震．北京：地震出版社．
高师弟，2006．禹贡研究论集．上海：上海古籍出版社．
国家地震局地震研究所，1984．中国诱发地震．北京：地震出版社．
国家地震局地震研究所，1980．丹江口水库诱发地震文集．北京：地震出版社．
胡平，胡毓良，马文涛等，1989．气爆型水库诱发地震的分析．地震地质，11(1)：115—123．
李愿军，刘忠书，1983．邓家桥水库地震．西北地震学报，5(2)：51—54．
李玶，李愿军，杨美娥，2005．长江三峡库区水库诱发地震的研究．中国工程科学，7(6)：14—20．
李胜乐，严尊国，薛军荣等，2003．长江三峡水库蓄水后的首发微震群活动．大地测量与地球动力学，23 (4)：75—79．
汝乃光，牛运光，2001．大坝事故与安全：土石坝．北京：中国水利水电出版社．
汝乃光，姜忠胜，1995．大坝事故与安全：拱坝．北京：中国水利水电出版社．
杨清源，胡毓良，陈献程等，1996．国内外水库诱发地震目录．地震地质，18(4)：453—461．
尹世积，1957．禹贡集解．上海：商务印书馆．
中国大坝编辑组，1980．中国大坝．北京：水利部展览图片社．
Harsh K.Gupta and B.K.Rastogi,1976.Dams and Earthquakes.Amsterdam-Oxford-New York:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.
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