渤海湾盆地歧北凹陷古近系沙二段复合三角洲内部结构及空间演化
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摘要
对歧北凹陷三角洲进行分尺度研究。首先,通过各种地震属性的应用、地震相的追踪和砂分散体系的分析,发现复合三角洲分为西部三角洲和迁移的东部三角洲。然后,利用地震相的追踪能识别出歧北凹陷沙二段三角洲具有类似"s"型前积的反射特征,这是三角洲朵体侧向迁移的地震反射特征。在发现的侧向迁移现象基础上,对地震剖面上侧向迁移的每一个同相轴进行平面上追踪,控制每一个期次的迁移的朵体的平面展布范围,最终获得多个期次朵体的平面展布及演化,发现东部三角洲在沙二段低位体系域时,共向东迁移6次;在沙二段湖扩-高位体系域时,共向东迁移4次。西部三角洲持续垂向加积。侧向迁移现象的存在使得东部三角洲存在不同于其他三角洲的非均质性特征,砂体呈正韵律和反韵律的交互。东部三角洲的孔隙度整体相对较低,平均值14%,低于西部三角洲的平均值24.4%;该沉积类型的总平均渗透率较低,为0.017 2×10-3μm2,低于西部三角洲的0.037 5×10-3μm2;碳酸盐岩含量较高,平均值为13.5%,高于西部三角洲的平均值9.6%。
Research on deltas in Qibei sag can be done on different scales.After the works of the application of seismic attributes,the tracing of seismic facies and the analysis of the sand distributed system,we find that the composite delta is divided into western part and migratory eastern part.The seismic facies present that there is a similar "s"-type foreset reflectance characteristics of the delta of the second member of Shahejie Fomation in Qibei sag,which is seismic reflection characteristics of lateral migration of delta.Based on the discovery of the phenomenon of lateral migration,we track the axes in seismic profiles in plane to determine the scope of the the migratory delta in plane of each period of time,finally acquire the area and evolution of the delta with all the periods of time,and find that in the lowstand systems tract of the second member of Shahejie Fomation the East Delta migrate eastwardly six times while in the highstand systems tract the East Delta migrate eastwardly four times.The West Delta continually deposits vertically.The existence of the phenomenon of lateral migration makes the East Delta has different heterogeneity characteristics from others,sandstone possess interaction of positive rhythm and counter-rhythm.Porosity which as a whole is relatively low with an average 14% in East Pelta,is lower than the average of 24.4% in the West Delta;the average sediment permeability of this type,which is 0.0172×10-3μm2,is lower than that of the West Delta which is 0.037 5 × 10-3 μm2;content of carbonatite with an average of 13.5% in East Delta,is higher than that with the average of 9.6% in the West delta.
Research on deltas in Qibei sag can be done on different scales.After the works of the application of seismic attributes,the tracing of seismic facies and the analysis of the sand distributed system,we find that the composite delta is divided into western part and migratory eastern part.The seismic facies present that there is a similar "s"-type foreset reflectance characteristics of the delta of the second member of Shahejie Fomation in Qibei sag,which is seismic reflection characteristics of lateral migration of delta.Based on the discovery of the phenomenon of lateral migration,we track the axes in seismic profiles in plane to determine the scope of the the migratory delta in plane of each period of time,finally acquire the area and evolution of the delta with all the periods of time,and find that in the lowstand systems tract of the second member of Shahejie Fomation the East Delta migrate eastwardly six times while in the highstand systems tract the East Delta migrate eastwardly four times.The West Delta continually deposits vertically.The existence of the phenomenon of lateral migration makes the East Delta has different heterogeneity characteristics from others,sandstone possess interaction of positive rhythm and counter-rhythm.Porosity which as a whole is relatively low with an average 14% in East Pelta,is lower than the average of 24.4% in the West Delta;the average sediment permeability of this type,which is 0.0172×10-3μm2,is lower than that of the West Delta which is 0.037 5 × 10-3 μm2;content of carbonatite with an average of 13.5% in East Delta,is higher than that with the average of 9.6% in the West delta.
引文
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[15]李维锋,高振中,彭德堂,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中三叠统辫状河三角洲沉积[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(1):55-58.
[16]王新征,韩忠义,邢凤存,等.东营凹陷郝家史南地区下第三系沙二10辫状河三角洲沉积[J].江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(2):21-22.
[17]刘智荣,王训练,周洪瑞,等.准噶尔盆地南缘郝家沟剖面下侏罗统三工河组辫状河三角洲沉积特征[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):77-85.
[18]郑浚茂,于兴河,谢承强,等.不同沉积环境储层的层内非均质性——以黄骅坳陷为例[J].现代地质,1995,9(4):501-508.
[19]McPherson J G,Shanmugam G,Moioia R J.Fan-deltas andbraid deltas:varieties of coarse-grained deltas[J].Geol AmerBull,1987,99:331-340.
[20]Fisher W L,McGowen J H.Depositional systems in the WilcoxGroup(Eocene)of Texas and their relationship to occurrence of oiland gas[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bul-letin,1969,53(1):30-54.
[2]焦养泉,李思田,李祯,等.碎屑岩储层物性非均质性的层次结构[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(2):89-92.
[3]焦养泉,吴立群,杨生科,等.铀储层沉积学——砂岩型铀矿勘查与开发的基础[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:12-28.
[4]焦养泉,李思田,李祯,等.曲流河与湖泊三角洲沉积体系及典型骨架砂体内部构成分析[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995:1-2.
[5]焦养泉,李思田,杨士恭,等.湖泊三角洲前缘砂体内部构成及不均一性露头研究[J].地球科学,1993,18(4):441-450.
[6]焦养泉,李祯.河道储层砂体中隔挡层的成因与分布规律[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(4):78-81.
[7]焦养泉,李思田,陈俊亮.湖泊三角洲水下分流河道砂体储集性及储层地质模型研究[M]//中国地质学会青年工作委员会,中国地质大学(武汉).地学探索.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994:33-41.
[8]裘亦楠,许士策.沉积方式和碎屑岩储层的层内非均质性[J].石油学报,1985,6(1):41-49.
[9]顾家裕,方辉,贾进华.塔里木盆地库车坳陷白垩系辫状三角洲砂体成岩作用和储层特征[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):517-523.
[10]孙永传.碎屑岩沉积相和沉积环境[M].北京:地质出版社,1985:166-168.
[11]李文厚,林晋炎,袁明生,等.吐鲁番-哈密盆地的两种粗碎屑三角洲[J].沉积学报,1996,14(3):113-120.
[12]纪友亮,张宏.祁连盆地木里凹陷上三叠统辫状三角洲沉积模式[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(5):30-33.
[13]薛良清,Galloway W E.扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲与三角洲体系的分类[J].地质学报,1991,65(2):141-153.
[14]李维锋,高振中,彭德堂.侧积交错层——辫状河道的主要沉积构造类型[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(3):298-302.
[15]李维锋,高振中,彭德堂,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中三叠统辫状河三角洲沉积[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(1):55-58.
[16]王新征,韩忠义,邢凤存,等.东营凹陷郝家史南地区下第三系沙二10辫状河三角洲沉积[J].江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(2):21-22.
[17]刘智荣,王训练,周洪瑞,等.准噶尔盆地南缘郝家沟剖面下侏罗统三工河组辫状河三角洲沉积特征[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):77-85.
[18]郑浚茂,于兴河,谢承强,等.不同沉积环境储层的层内非均质性——以黄骅坳陷为例[J].现代地质,1995,9(4):501-508.
[19]McPherson J G,Shanmugam G,Moioia R J.Fan-deltas andbraid deltas:varieties of coarse-grained deltas[J].Geol AmerBull,1987,99:331-340.
[20]Fisher W L,McGowen J H.Depositional systems in the WilcoxGroup(Eocene)of Texas and their relationship to occurrence of oiland gas[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bul-letin,1969,53(1):30-54.
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