爆破地震效应的监测和控制技术研究
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摘要
爆破地震是爆破主要危害之一。为保证工程爆破时爆区周围建筑物等的安全,对爆破的地震效应进行实测和控制是必要的。以实际矿山深孔爆破和城市基坑爆破工程为例,实测爆破振动速度和爆破振动频率,对振动速度与爆破药量及地震波传播距离的关系进行回归处理,即研究爆破地震波的传播和衰变规律。根据《爆破安全规程》(GB6722–2003)的规定,优化爆破参数和起爆网络,提出在保证安全前提下的最大一次同段起爆药量和为降低爆破地震效应应采取的技术措施。同时爆破振动频率分析表明,小药量下爆破的主振频率主要集中在30～100 Hz,远高于建筑物自振频率,一般不会引起共振现象,即爆破地震效应对周围建筑物的影响较小。
Seismic shock is one of the main hazards of blasting engineering,therefore,for the safety guarantee of buildings in near-field blasting,tests and controlling measures on blasting vibration effects are necessary.Taking deep hole blasting on mining and foundation ditch controlling blasting in city for examples,speed and frequency of blasting vibration are tested.The relationships between vibration velocity and explosive charge and distance of dissemination are also regressed to disclose the law of blasting waves under such conditions.According to Safety Regulations for Blasting(GB6722–2003),the blasting parameters and blasting net are optimized;and the maximum charge of one section on the condition of safety and technical measures for reducing the blasting effect is given.The split-second blasting,excavation damping channel,or fully using existing free face and natural land forms,uch as mountain valleyf,arm pond,channel,are considered.At the same time,analytical results of blasting vibration frequency indicate that the main frequency of minor charge are mostly focused on the range of 20 to 100 Hz,which is greater than those of natural frequencies of buildings;so resonance will not happen generally,i.e.blasting has small influence on near-field buildings.
Seismic shock is one of the main hazards of blasting engineering,therefore,for the safety guarantee of buildings in near-field blasting,tests and controlling measures on blasting vibration effects are necessary.Taking deep hole blasting on mining and foundation ditch controlling blasting in city for examples,speed and frequency of blasting vibration are tested.The relationships between vibration velocity and explosive charge and distance of dissemination are also regressed to disclose the law of blasting waves under such conditions.According to Safety Regulations for Blasting(GB6722–2003),the blasting parameters and blasting net are optimized;and the maximum charge of one section on the condition of safety and technical measures for reducing the blasting effect is given.The split-second blasting,excavation damping channel,or fully using existing free face and natural land forms,uch as mountain valleyf,arm pond,channel,are considered.At the same time,analytical results of blasting vibration frequency indicate that the main frequency of minor charge are mostly focused on the range of 20 to 100 Hz,which is greater than those of natural frequencies of buildings;so resonance will not happen generally,i.e.blasting has small influence on near-field buildings.
引文
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[12]许名标,彭德红.某露天石材矿开采爆破震动测试与分析[J].矿业研究与开发,2006,26(1):62–64.(XU Mingbiao,PENG Dehong.Testing and analysis of blasting vibrations the stone mining of some quarry[J].Mining Research and Development,2006,26(1):62–64.(in Chinese))
[13]周纪芗.实用回归分析方法[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990.(ZHOU Jixiang.Practical regression analysis method[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers,1990.(in Chinese))
[14]李孝林,穆太升,董鑫,等.频率在爆破震害中的作用及其影响因素分析[J].工程爆破,2001,7(3):15–18.(LI Xiaolin,MU Taisheng,DONG Xin,et al.Role of frequency in harm of blasting vibration and analysis of its influence factors[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(3):15–18.(in Chinese))
[15]陈庆凯,屠晓利,李贵臣,等.砂土层中爆破地震波传播特性研究[J].爆破器材,2007,36(2):29–32.(CHEN Qingkai,TU Xiaoli,LI Guichen,et al.Study on propagation characteristics of explosive seismic wave in arenaceous soil[J].Explosive Material,2007,36(2):29–32.(in Chinese))
[16]蔡路军,马建军,江兵,等.考虑振动频率的爆破振动安全标准的探讨[J].黄金,2006,(3):24–27.(CAI Lujun,MA Jianjun,JIANG Bing,et al.Discussion on the safety criterion of blasting vibration considering the effect of vibration frequency[J].Gold,2006,(3):24–27.(in Chinese))
[17]唐春海,于亚伦,王建宙.爆破地震动安全判据的初步探讨[J].有色金属,2001,(1):1–3.(TANG Chunhai,YU Yalun,WANG Jianzhou.Elementary study of safety criterion for blasting vibration[J].Nonferrous Metals,2001,(1):1–3.(in Chinese))
[2]王先义,何学秋,邵军.岩土开挖爆破震动效应安全判据的探讨[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,(7):54–56.(WANG Xianyi,HE Xueqiu,SHAO Jun.Discussion on safety evaluation of vibration effect by rock excavation blasting[J].Coal Science and Technology,2003,(7):54–56.(in Chinese))
[3]汪旭光,于亚伦.关于爆破振动安全判据的几个问题[J].工程爆破,2001,7(2):88–92.(WANG Xuguang,YU Yalun.On several problems of safety criterion of blasting vibration[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(2):88–92.(in Chinese))
[4]陈明,卢文波,易长平,等.大型地下厂房岩锚梁爆破安全控制标准研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):499–504.(CHEN Ming,LU Wenbo,YI Changping,et al.Research on safety standard for rock anchor beam under blasting vibration in large underground powerhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):499–504.(in Chinese))
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB6722–2003爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB6722–2003 Safety regulations for blasting[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2004.(in Chinese))
[6]汪旭光,于亚伦,刘殿中.爆破安全规程实施手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.(WANG Xuguang,YU Yalun,LIU Dianzhong.Enforceable handbook of safety regulations for blasting[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[7]李俊如,李海波,高建光,等.黄麦岭采场边坡爆破振动响应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(17):2 954–2 958.(LI Junru,LI Haibo,GAO Jianguang,et al.Response of Huangmailing rock slope to explosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(17):2 954–2 958.(in Chinese))
[8]张家生,阳生权,贺建清.大源渡水电枢纽拆除控制爆破振动监测及分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增1):1 858–1 860.(ZHANG Jiasheng,YANG Shengquan,HE Jianqing.Measurement and analysis of the ground vibration induced by controlling blasting for Dayuandu key hydropower project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(Supp.1):1 858–1 860.(in Chinese))
[9]SPATHIS A T.Frequency dependent damage criteria for ground vibrations produced by blasting[C]//Rock Fragmentation by Blasting.Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,2002:582–590.
[10]郭衍敬,周凤.深孔爆破振动对城市环境的危害及控制技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增2):2 570–2 573.(GUO Yanjing,ZHOU Feng.Hazards of the city environment caused by deep-hole blasting vibration and controlling technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(Supp.2):2 570–2 573.(in Chinese))
[11]赵新涛,程贵海.南宁市阳光新城地基开挖工程的爆破振动测试[J].爆破,2006,23(2):105–107.(ZHAO Xintao,CHENG Guihai.Blasting vibration test of groundwork excavation project of Sunshine new town in Nanning City[J].Blasting,2006,23(2):105–107.(in Chinese))
[12]许名标,彭德红.某露天石材矿开采爆破震动测试与分析[J].矿业研究与开发,2006,26(1):62–64.(XU Mingbiao,PENG Dehong.Testing and analysis of blasting vibrations the stone mining of some quarry[J].Mining Research and Development,2006,26(1):62–64.(in Chinese))
[13]周纪芗.实用回归分析方法[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990.(ZHOU Jixiang.Practical regression analysis method[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers,1990.(in Chinese))
[14]李孝林,穆太升,董鑫,等.频率在爆破震害中的作用及其影响因素分析[J].工程爆破,2001,7(3):15–18.(LI Xiaolin,MU Taisheng,DONG Xin,et al.Role of frequency in harm of blasting vibration and analysis of its influence factors[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(3):15–18.(in Chinese))
[15]陈庆凯,屠晓利,李贵臣,等.砂土层中爆破地震波传播特性研究[J].爆破器材,2007,36(2):29–32.(CHEN Qingkai,TU Xiaoli,LI Guichen,et al.Study on propagation characteristics of explosive seismic wave in arenaceous soil[J].Explosive Material,2007,36(2):29–32.(in Chinese))
[16]蔡路军,马建军,江兵,等.考虑振动频率的爆破振动安全标准的探讨[J].黄金,2006,(3):24–27.(CAI Lujun,MA Jianjun,JIANG Bing,et al.Discussion on the safety criterion of blasting vibration considering the effect of vibration frequency[J].Gold,2006,(3):24–27.(in Chinese))
[17]唐春海,于亚伦,王建宙.爆破地震动安全判据的初步探讨[J].有色金属,2001,(1):1–3.(TANG Chunhai,YU Yalun,WANG Jianzhou.Elementary study of safety criterion for blasting vibration[J].Nonferrous Metals,2001,(1):1–3.(in Chinese))
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