关注三维交切构造——出露地表的大陆岩石圈构造解耦面
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摘要
大陆内部弥散性的变形表明经典板块构造理论未能阐述大陆构造。矿物变形的实验室研究结果、岩石流变学性质随深度改变和地震测深剖面资料都提示大陆岩石圈具有三明治式的强度包络面。任纪舜、张国伟和钟大赉分别把岩石圈不同深度层次的三维交切构造称为立交桥式构造或多向层架构造。它们的出现提示岩石圈发生了构造解耦,新的变形体制在拆离面以上发展起来。前苏联地质学家把它称为岩石圈的构造成层作用。本文列举了喜马拉雅东、西构造结和秦岭造山带可能出露于地表的三维交切构造实例,呼吁重视这类代表大陆岩石圈不同深度层次的构造堆叠体,并把它作为揭示岩石圈构造变形的最佳切入点。
Diffusive deformation of the interior of the continental lithosphere indicates that the continental tectonics is different from plate tectonics. Laboratory measurements of mineral deformation, change in rheological behavior of rocks with depth and seismic sounding data all show jelly sandwich-like strength envelopes of the continental lithosphere. Ren Ji-shun, Zhang Guo-wei and Zhong Da-lai call these 3-D crossing structures at different levels of the lithosphere as the overpass architecture or multi-oriented layered structure separately. Its occurrence implies the tectonic decoupling in the lithosphere, and the new tectonic regime evolving on the detachment surface. Geologists of the former Soviet Union describe it as tectonic layering of the lithosphere. In the paper the authors cite some examples of overpass architectures possibly exposed in eastern and western syntaxes of the Himalayan orogen and the southern Qinling orogen and appear for geologists to pay attention to it and take it as a best penetrating point to approach the deformation of the continental lithosphere.
Diffusive deformation of the interior of the continental lithosphere indicates that the continental tectonics is different from plate tectonics. Laboratory measurements of mineral deformation, change in rheological behavior of rocks with depth and seismic sounding data all show jelly sandwich-like strength envelopes of the continental lithosphere. Ren Ji-shun, Zhang Guo-wei and Zhong Da-lai call these 3-D crossing structures at different levels of the lithosphere as the overpass architecture or multi-oriented layered structure separately. Its occurrence implies the tectonic decoupling in the lithosphere, and the new tectonic regime evolving on the detachment surface. Geologists of the former Soviet Union describe it as tectonic layering of the lithosphere. In the paper the authors cite some examples of overpass architectures possibly exposed in eastern and western syntaxes of the Himalayan orogen and the southern Qinling orogen and appear for geologists to pay attention to it and take it as a best penetrating point to approach the deformation of the continental lithosphere.
引文
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眼34演SinghT郾Gondwanasediments(Permian)ofArunachalHimalaya:Stratigraphicstatusanddepositionalenvironment眼J演.Gondwana,1993,8:345～355郾
眼35演ValdiyaKS郾HimalayantransversefaultsandfoldsandtheirparallelismwithsubsurfacestructuresofNorthIndianplains眼J演.Tectonophysics,1976,32:353～368郾
眼36演RiddMF郾PossiblePalaeozoicdriftofSEAsiaandTriassiccollisionwithChina眼J演郾J郾Geol郾Soc郾London,1980,137:635～640郾
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眼38演郑来林,等郾喜马拉雅造山带西构造结研究的启示眼J演.地质论评,2000,47:350～355郾
眼39演ParkSK,MackieRL郾Resistive(dry?)lowercrustinanac鄄tiveorogen,NangaParbat,N.Pakistan眼J演.Tectonophysics,2000,316:359～380郾
眼40演KeerRA郾NewdatahintatEarthhumsandmountainsrise眼J演.Science,1999,283:320～321郾
眼2演张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,等.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学眼M演.北京:科学出版社,2001.855郾
眼3演张国伟,孟庆任,赖绍聪.秦岭造山带的结构和构造眼J演.中国科学(B)辑,1995,25(9):994～1003郾
眼4演钟大赉,丁林,刘福田,等.造山带岩石层多向层架构造及其对新生代岩浆活动的制约———以三江及邻区为例眼J演.中国科学(D)辑,2000,(增刊):1～8郾
眼5演RudnickRL.Makingcontinentalcrust眼J演.Nature,1995,378:571～577郾
眼6演NaomiO郾Platetectonics—Aninsider'shistoryofthemoderntheoryoftheearth眼M演.2001.xi-xxiv.
眼7演CookFA,AlbaughDS,BrownLD,etal郾Thin-skinnedtectonicsinthecrystallinesouthernAppalachians,COCORPseis鄄mic-reflectionprofilingoftheBlueRidgeandPiedmont眼J演.Ge鄄ology1979,7:563～567郾
眼8演OliverJ,CookF,BrownL.COCORPandthecontinentalcrust眼J演.JGR,1983,88:3329～3347郾
眼9演JarchowCM,ThompsonGA.ThenatureoftheMohorovicidiscontinuity眼J演.AnnualReviewofEarthandPlanetarySciences,1989,17:475～506郾
眼10演KozlovskyYA郾Theworld'sdeepestwell眼J演.ScientificAmeri鄄can,1984,251(6):106～112郾
眼11演DziewonskiAD,AndersonDL郾Seismictomographyoftheearth'sinterior眼J演.AmericanScientist,1984,72(5):483～494郾
眼12演SongX,RichardsPG郾Seismologicalevidencefordifferentialrotationoftheearth'sinnercore眼J演.Nature,1996,382:221～224郾
眼13演CondieKC郾MantleplumesandtheirrecordinEarthhistory眼M演.CambridgeUniversityPress,2001郾306.
眼14演李红阳,牛树银,王立峰,等郾幔柱构造眼M演.北京:地震出版社,2002郾
眼15演马宗晋,杜品仁,卢迪安郾地球的多圈层相互作用眼J演.地学前缘,2001,8(1):3～8郾
眼16演滕吉文郾地球内部物质、能量交换与资源和灾害眼J演.地学前缘,2001,8(3):1～8郾
眼17演张本仁郾造山带地球化学研究的理论构想与实践眼J演.地球科学,1999,24:224～227郾
眼18演金振民,高山郾底侵作用及其壳-幔演化动力学意义眼J演.地质科技情报,1996,15(2):1～7郾
眼19演金振民,高山郾拆沉作用及其壳-幔演化动力学意义眼J演.地质科技情报,1997,16(1):1～9郾
眼20演许志琴,赵志兴,杨经绥,等郾板块下的构造及地幔动力学眼J演.地质通报,2003,22(3):149～159郾
眼21演Newdeparturesinstructuralgeologyandtectonics眼M演.WhitePaperbyTectonicProgram熏EarthSciencesDivisionandNa鄄tionalScienceFoundation熏2003.
眼22演TackleyPJ.Mantleconvectionandplatetectonics押towardanintegratedphysicalandchemicaltheory眼J演.Science熏2000熏288押2002～2007.
眼23演RuzhentsevSV,TrifonovVG郾TectoniclayeringoftheLithosphere眼J演.Episodes,1984,7:44～48郾
眼24演MolnarP郾Continentaltectonicsintheaftermathofplatetecton鄄ics眼J演.Nature,1988,335:131～137郾
眼25演Brace,Kohlstedt郾Limitsonlithosphericstressimposedbylabo鄄ratoryexperiments眼J演.JGR,1980,85:6248～52郾
眼26演BlundellD,FreemanR,MuellerS郾Acontinentrevaled:TheEuropeangeotraverse眼M演郾CambridgeUniversityPress,1992郾
眼27演ZieglerPA,van-Diederik,CloetinghS.Mechanicalcontrolsoncollision-relatedcompressionalintraplatedeformation眼J演.Tectonophysics,1998,300:103～129郾
眼28演SengorAMC郾Continentalinteriorsandcratons:anyrelation?眼J演.Tectonophysics1999,305:1～42郾
眼29演MeissnerR,MooneyW郾Weaknessofthelowercontinentalcrust:aconditionfordelamination,uplift,andescap眼J演.Tectonophysics,1998,296:47～60郾
眼30演VauchezA,TommasiA,BarruolG郾Rheologicalheterogeneity,mechanicalanisotropyanddeformationofthecontinentallitho鄄sphere眼J演.Tectonophysics,1998,296:61～86郾
眼31演TurcotteDL,SchubertG.Geodynamics眼M演郾2ndEdition熏2002郾456,43郾
眼32演袁学诚郾秦岭造山带地壳构造与楔入成山眼J演.地质学报,1997,71:227～235郾
眼33演XuP,LiuFT,YeK,etal郾FlaketectonicsintheSuluoro鄄genineasternChinaasreveledbyseismictomography眼J演.Geo鄄physicalResearchLetters,2002,29(10):23郾
眼34演SinghT郾Gondwanasediments(Permian)ofArunachalHimalaya:Stratigraphicstatusanddepositionalenvironment眼J演.Gondwana,1993,8:345～355郾
眼35演ValdiyaKS郾HimalayantransversefaultsandfoldsandtheirparallelismwithsubsurfacestructuresofNorthIndianplains眼J演.Tectonophysics,1976,32:353～368郾
眼36演RiddMF郾PossiblePalaeozoicdriftofSEAsiaandTriassiccollisionwithChina眼J演郾J郾Geol郾Soc郾London,1980,137:635～640郾
眼37演季建清,钟大赉,张连生郾青藏高原东南部新生代挤出块体西边界眼J演.科学通报,2000,45:128～134郾
眼38演郑来林,等郾喜马拉雅造山带西构造结研究的启示眼J演.地质论评,2000,47:350～355郾
眼39演ParkSK,MackieRL郾Resistive(dry?)lowercrustinanac鄄tiveorogen,NangaParbat,N.Pakistan眼J演.Tectonophysics,2000,316:359～380郾
眼40演KeerRA郾NewdatahintatEarthhumsandmountainsrise眼J演.Science,1999,283:320～321郾
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