地震后跨省跨地域公共卫生应急救援行动的实践和体会
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摘要
2008年5月12日四川省发生了汶川大地震,导致了人员大量伤亡和财产损失,并成为最严重的突发公共危机事件。广东省卫生厅于第一时间派出医疗和卫生防疫队奔赴灾区参加抗震救灾行动。在灾情最为严重的平武县南坝镇,广东省卫生防疫队在当地指挥部的组织领导下,开展快速评估,确定了灾区面临的主要传染病和食物中毒的威胁,提出公共卫生需求和计划优先的现场干预措施,明确了3个重点场所:灾民集中安置区、救援人员集中生活区、可能掩埋人或动物的废墟,以及6个关键环节:生活饮用水供水点、集中供餐点、垃圾堆放点、临时厕所点、人畜尸体掩埋点、家畜动物圈养点,按照"把握重点,控制关键环节"的工作策略,开展了环境卫生控制、饮用水卫生控制、饮食卫生控制、人畜粪便处理、人畜尸体处理、病媒控制、疾病监测、健康教育与心理干预、当地医疗机构(点)的卫生防疫工作指导、入村入户开展卫生防疫等10个方面的控制工作,使灾区环境卫生得到明显改善,病媒孳生地得到控制,病媒密度显著下降,未发现食物中毒和传染性疾病的流行和暴发,实现了灾后无大疫的阶段性目标。
A catastrophic earthquake occurred on 12 May 2008 in Wenchuan,Sichuan Province,China,caused huge losses of lives and properties and became a public health emergent event immediately.Many health rescue workers as well as armies,relief polices,volunteers and local residents entered earthquake stricken areas to participate all kinds of humanitarian aid.A team for pubic health emergent response from Guangdong Province went to Nan Ba,a town hardest hit by earthquake in Pingwu County.During the short threshold after disaster,they conducted rapid field assessment and found five threats of epidemic consequences.Six important risk points such as water,food,wastes,fecal pool were identified to impose measures of disinfection and pesticide,food hygiene,safe water,disease surveillance,health education,community advocate to prevent potential infectious diseases and food poisoning.The action gained great success and good reputation of Guangdong health relief works.
A catastrophic earthquake occurred on 12 May 2008 in Wenchuan,Sichuan Province,China,caused huge losses of lives and properties and became a public health emergent event immediately.Many health rescue workers as well as armies,relief polices,volunteers and local residents entered earthquake stricken areas to participate all kinds of humanitarian aid.A team for pubic health emergent response from Guangdong Province went to Nan Ba,a town hardest hit by earthquake in Pingwu County.During the short threshold after disaster,they conducted rapid field assessment and found five threats of epidemic consequences.Six important risk points such as water,food,wastes,fecal pool were identified to impose measures of disinfection and pesticide,food hygiene,safe water,disease surveillance,health education,community advocate to prevent potential infectious diseases and food poisoning.The action gained great success and good reputation of Guangdong health relief works.
引文
[1]WATSON J T,GAYER M,CONNOLLY M A.Epidemics afternatural disasters[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2007,13(1):1-5
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[3]WARING S C,REYNOLDS KM,D’SOUZAG,et al.Rapid as-sessment of household needs in the Houston area after TropicalStorm Allison[J].Disaster Manag Response,2002,Sep:3?9.
[2]CONNOLLY MA.紧急状态下传染病控制现场手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:3-20
[3]WARING S C,REYNOLDS KM,D’SOUZAG,et al.Rapid as-sessment of household needs in the Houston area after TropicalStorm Allison[J].Disaster Manag Response,2002,Sep:3?9.
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