黄河口粉土层振动响应过程的电性变化
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摘要
在黄河水下三角洲粉土层不同深度布设电传感器和孔压探头,实时记录循环荷载作用过程中粉土体的电性变化和孔压变化。基于土的电阻率对土体结构状态反映能力,分析振动响应过程土体变形特性,确定外部振动对土体的改造作用,揭示波浪作用下土体破坏机制。实验结果表明:振动荷载作用下,一定深度内的粉土体电阻率会发生不均匀改变,由此揭示土体的分层变化规律。分层变化主要发生在循环荷载作用的初始阶段,对应孔压上升期。而整个加荷和卸荷作用过程中,40～50 cm深度区间土体电阻率未发生明显变化的现象表明,外部振动作用过程中一定深度位置土体并未发生相应振动位移,保持相对稳定。相近位置的土体微结构分析和振动作用过程土体强度原位监测结果也验证了这种认识。土体的这种分层特征可能会引起波浪作用下粉土层共振现象发生,从而形成黄河水下三角洲底坡失稳的控制性因素。
Electrodes and pore water pressure probes are laid at different depths of silty soil strata in Yellow River Delta.With themr,esistivity and pore water pressure are measured when the silty soil is vibrated vertically with the effects of outside force.Based on the analysis of key factors influencing the resistivity of saturated silty soil,it is revealed that the state of silty soil varies with time along depth when the silty soil is vibrated vertically and after the vibration stopped.Furthermore,the deformation characteristics of soil are analyzed to research the failure mechanism of soil mass under wave actions.Research results show that,under the vibration loading,the electrical resistivity of soil tends to show heterogenous changes at certain depth,and hence the stratified changing regularity of soil mass is discovered.The stratified changes mainly happen in the initial stage of vibration,corresponding to the rising stage of pore water pressure.But in the whole course of loading and unloading,the electrical resistivity of soil in the depth from 40 to 50 cm does not change prominently,which indicates that the soil at certain depth does not suffer corresponding vibration displacement,but keeps relatively stable.Laboratory analyses of soil microstructures and in-situ monitoring of soil intensity also prove these findings.The stratified characteristics may cause resonance vibration of the silty soil under wave actions,and consequently form the dominant factor of slope failures in the subaqueous Yellow River Delta.
Electrodes and pore water pressure probes are laid at different depths of silty soil strata in Yellow River Delta.With themr,esistivity and pore water pressure are measured when the silty soil is vibrated vertically with the effects of outside force.Based on the analysis of key factors influencing the resistivity of saturated silty soil,it is revealed that the state of silty soil varies with time along depth when the silty soil is vibrated vertically and after the vibration stopped.Furthermore,the deformation characteristics of soil are analyzed to research the failure mechanism of soil mass under wave actions.Research results show that,under the vibration loading,the electrical resistivity of soil tends to show heterogenous changes at certain depth,and hence the stratified changing regularity of soil mass is discovered.The stratified changes mainly happen in the initial stage of vibration,corresponding to the rising stage of pore water pressure.But in the whole course of loading and unloading,the electrical resistivity of soil in the depth from 40 to 50 cm does not change prominently,which indicates that the soil at certain depth does not suffer corresponding vibration displacement,but keeps relatively stable.Laboratory analyses of soil microstructures and in-situ monitoring of soil intensity also prove these findings.The stratified characteristics may cause resonance vibration of the silty soil under wave actions,and consequently form the dominant factor of slope failures in the subaqueous Yellow River Delta.
引文
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[13]郭秀军,贾永刚,黄潇雨,等.黄河口粉土的电性特征及其工程地质意义[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):593–598.(GUO Xiujun,JIA Yonggang,HUANG Xiaoyu,et al.The electrical resistivity character of silty soil in the Yellow River estuarine area and engineering geology purport[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):593–598.(in Chinese))
[14]BENNETT R H.In-situ porosity and permeability of selected carbonate sediment:great Bahamal:measurements[J].Marine Geotechnology,1990,(9):1–28.
[15]林缅.波浪作用下粉土特性分析[J].中国科学(E辑),2001,31(1):86–96.(LIN Mian.Analysis of the specialty of silty soil under the function of wave[J].Science in China(Series E),2001,31(1):86–96.(in Chinese))
[2]PRIOR D B,SUHAYDA J N,LU N Z,et al.Storm wave reactivation of a submarine landslide[J].Nature,1989,341(6237):47–50.
[3]贾永刚,霍素霞,许国辉,等.黄河水下三角洲沉积物强度变化原位测试研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(6):876–881.(JIA Yonggang,HUO Suxia,XU Guohui,et al.Intensity variation of sediments due to wave loading on subaqueous delta of Yellow River[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(6):876–881.(in Chinese))
[4]单红仙,段兆臣,刘正银,等.粉质土重复振动液化与效果研究[J].水利学报,2006,37(1):75–81.(SHAN Hongxian,DUAN Zhaochen,LIU Zhengyin,et al.Repeated liquefaction and the effect on properties of silt[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(1):75–81.(in Chinese))
[5]董好刚,张卫明,贾永刚,等.循环振动导致黄河口潮坪土成分结构变异的研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26(3):133–141.(DONG Haogang,ZHANG Weiming,JIA Yonggang,et al.Transformation of granular composition and microstructure of silt due to cyclic loading in Yellow River Estuary,China[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2006,26(3):133–141.(in Chinese))
[6]ARCHIE G E.The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics[J].Transactions of the American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers,1942,146:54–62.(in Chinese))
[7]于小军,刘松玉.电阻率指标在膨胀土结构研究中的应用探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(3):393–396.(YU Xiaojun,LIU Songyu.Researches on application of electrical resistivity indices to the microstructure of expansive soils[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(3):393–396.(in Chinese))
[8]刘国华,王振宇,黄建平.土的电阻率特性及其工程应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1):83–87.(LIU Guohua,WANG Zhenyu,HUANG Jianping.Research on electrical resistivity feature of soil and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(1):83–87.(in Chinese))
[9]郭秀军,贾永刚,黄潇雨.基于电性变化进行黄河水下三角洲饱和粉土触变过程研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):3 131–3 136.(GUO Xiujun,JIA Yonggang,HUANG Xiaoyu.Research on thixotropy character of saturated silt soil in Yellow River Delta with electrical resistivity method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.1):3 131–3 136.(in Chinese))
[10]贾永刚,单红仙.黄河口海底斜坡不稳定性调查研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(1):1–5.(JIA Yonggang,SHAN Hongxian.Investigation and study on slope unstability of subaqueous delta of modern Yellow River[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2000,11(1):1–5.(in Chinese))
[11]贾永刚,付元宾,许国辉,等.水动力条件差异导致潮坪分形特征变化实例研究[J].海洋学报,2003,25(3):59–67.(JIA Yonggang,FU Yuanbin,XU Guohui,et al.The fractal characteristics change in the Yellow River Estuary due to the hydrodynamic conditions variety[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2003,25(3):59–67.(in Chinese))
[12]马德翠,单红仙,周其健.黄河口饱和粉土振动响应的原位实验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,(待刊).(MA Decui,SHAN Hongxian,ZHOU Qijian,et al.In-situ test study on dynamic response of saturated silty soils under cyclic loading in estuary of Yellow River[J]Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,(to be published).(in Chinese))
[13]郭秀军,贾永刚,黄潇雨,等.黄河口粉土的电性特征及其工程地质意义[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):593–598.(GUO Xiujun,JIA Yonggang,HUANG Xiaoyu,et al.The electrical resistivity character of silty soil in the Yellow River estuarine area and engineering geology purport[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):593–598.(in Chinese))
[14]BENNETT R H.In-situ porosity and permeability of selected carbonate sediment:great Bahamal:measurements[J].Marine Geotechnology,1990,(9):1–28.
[15]林缅.波浪作用下粉土特性分析[J].中国科学(E辑),2001,31(1):86–96.(LIN Mian.Analysis of the specialty of silty soil under the function of wave[J].Science in China(Series E),2001,31(1):86–96.(in Chinese))
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