对严重灾害医疗卫生紧急救援的若干思考
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摘要
5月14日,浙江省首批医疗卫生紧急救援队奔赴四川汶川大地震重灾区江油市和平武县开展工作。笔者根据工作中的经验,认为应建立省级综合性应急医疗救援队,队员包括各专业的人员,如医疗专家、心理专家和疾病防控、卫生监督人员。医疗救援应与其他救援队,如消防救援队、军人等合作。在灾害发生后72小时的黄金救援时间内,首先派出由训练有素、业务精良的人员组成的医疗队。在临近灾区的有条件的医疗单位应建立治疗区。在后续阶段,应主动搜寻以发现幸存者。现场医疗救援队的成员应每三人组成一组,由专业背景不同,体格和心理素质均高的人员组成。首先进入核心地区的医疗队的重要任务之一是评估现场情况,并向后勤保障部门报告。后勤保障部门应努力将必需的物资送到需要的地方去。送往灾区的物资和装备在内容和形式上都要改善。应建立现场指挥机制。
On 14 May, 2 days after the Wenchuan earthquake, an emergency medical rescue team was dispatched from Zhejiang province to Jiangyou and Pingwu, 2 of the worst-hit areas. Based on the experience obtained there the author would like to talk about his opinions. Comprehensive professional emergency medical rescue team at the provincial level should be established. Professionals engaged in different specialties should be involved, especially medical psychologists, and specialists of disease prevention and control and hygiene supervision. Medical rescue teams should cooperate with other rescue teams, such as firefighting team and soldiers. In the golden seventy-two hours, well-trained and professionally competent personnel should be sent to the core areas of disaster. Treatment areas are to be established in the medical institutions with necessary conditions near the disaster areas. During the succeeding phase, active searching can discover survivors. In the on-the-spot rescue the medical workers are to be organized into groups of 3 persons with different professional backgrounds and with good physical and mental health. One of the important tasks for the emergency medical rescue team that enter the core areas first is to assess the actual conditions and send a report to the logistic department that should try hard to transfer and allocate the necessary materials to the areas in need of them. Equipments and materials sent to the disaster areas should be improved in regard to content and form. An on-the-spot emergency command mechanism should be established.
On 14 May, 2 days after the Wenchuan earthquake, an emergency medical rescue team was dispatched from Zhejiang province to Jiangyou and Pingwu, 2 of the worst-hit areas. Based on the experience obtained there the author would like to talk about his opinions. Comprehensive professional emergency medical rescue team at the provincial level should be established. Professionals engaged in different specialties should be involved, especially medical psychologists, and specialists of disease prevention and control and hygiene supervision. Medical rescue teams should cooperate with other rescue teams, such as firefighting team and soldiers. In the golden seventy-two hours, well-trained and professionally competent personnel should be sent to the core areas of disaster. Treatment areas are to be established in the medical institutions with necessary conditions near the disaster areas. During the succeeding phase, active searching can discover survivors. In the on-the-spot rescue the medical workers are to be organized into groups of 3 persons with different professional backgrounds and with good physical and mental health. One of the important tasks for the emergency medical rescue team that enter the core areas first is to assess the actual conditions and send a report to the logistic department that should try hard to transfer and allocate the necessary materials to the areas in need of them. Equipments and materials sent to the disaster areas should be improved in regard to content and form. An on-the-spot emergency command mechanism should be established.
引文
[1]高星.“5.12”四川汶川特大地震灾害绵阳医疗卫生救援应急机制.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2008,3(6):326-329.
[2]李宗浩.创建发展中国救援医学事业.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,2(1):2.
[3]高星.“5.12”四川汶川特大地震灾害绵阳医疗卫生救援应急工作模式.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2008,3(6):330-333.
[2]李宗浩.创建发展中国救援医学事业.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,2(1):2.
[3]高星.“5.12”四川汶川特大地震灾害绵阳医疗卫生救援应急工作模式.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2008,3(6):330-333.
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