低勘探程度盆地烃源岩早期预测方法研究
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摘要
低勘探领域(深层、深水和新区)是今后油气勘探的重要方向,而有没有有效烃源岩将决定该领域是否具有勘探价值,因此烃源岩评价是低勘探领域早期评价的关键。由于少井条件下烃源岩的评价参数几乎均未知,因此,低勘探程度与烃源岩早期评价是一对矛盾。针对低勘探领域的资料条件,探讨了在层序地层框架基础上的多项烃源岩参数的早期预测及综合评价方法。主要包括4个方面,即(1)层序地层格架分析法确定主力烃源岩层段;(2)地震速度岩性分析法确定烃源岩厚度;(3)烃源岩镜质体反射率地震预测法估算烃源岩成熟度;(4)烃源岩综合评价。本方法充分利用层序地层学方法和地球物理技术,实现了低勘探程度与烃源岩早期评价之间矛盾的转化,成为低勘探领域烃源岩早期预测的一种新方法。
Low exploration activity fields (deep formation, deep water and new exploration areas) are important for petroleum exploration. Source rock evaluation, the result of which will determine the exploration potential of a basin, is one of the most important aspects. Because all the evaluation parameters are almost unknown in an area of low exploration activity with sparse wells, the early evaluation of source rock is somewhat contradictory. Based on the framework of sequence stratigraphy, this paper presents a method of early prediction and comprehensive evaluation of source rocks. The method includes four aspects: (1) analysis of sequence stratigraphy to determine the main formation of source rocks; (2) prediction of seismic velocity and lithology to determine the thickness of source rocks; (3) prediction of vitrinite reflectance, based on seismic data to determine the maturation of source rocks; (4) comprehensive source rock evaluation. Using the method of sequence stratigraphy and geophysical techniques, this method successively solves the contradiction between low exploration activity and early evaluation of source rock and provides a new choice for an early prediction on source rocks in fields of low exploration activity.
Low exploration activity fields (deep formation, deep water and new exploration areas) are important for petroleum exploration. Source rock evaluation, the result of which will determine the exploration potential of a basin, is one of the most important aspects. Because all the evaluation parameters are almost unknown in an area of low exploration activity with sparse wells, the early evaluation of source rock is somewhat contradictory. Based on the framework of sequence stratigraphy, this paper presents a method of early prediction and comprehensive evaluation of source rocks. The method includes four aspects: (1) analysis of sequence stratigraphy to determine the main formation of source rocks; (2) prediction of seismic velocity and lithology to determine the thickness of source rocks; (3) prediction of vitrinite reflectance, based on seismic data to determine the maturation of source rocks; (4) comprehensive source rock evaluation. Using the method of sequence stratigraphy and geophysical techniques, this method successively solves the contradiction between low exploration activity and early evaluation of source rock and provides a new choice for an early prediction on source rocks in fields of low exploration activity.
引文
[1]金强.济阳凹陷下第三系有效烃源岩分布与评价(研究成果报告).2003
[1]Zhao Zhengzhang,He Haiqing.Recent oil&gas exploration harvests in the newarea of PetroChina and future challenges and measures[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2004,22(suppl):1-7(in Chinese).
[2]Tuo Jincai,Wang Xianbin,Zhou Shixin,et al.The currentsituation and development of deep oil&gas exploration[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,1992,10(6):1-8(in Chinese).
[3]Li Xiaodi.Formation and distribution of deep oil and gas res-ervoirs in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Develop-ment,1994,21(1):34-39(in Chinese).
[4]Chen Jianwen.New exploration domain for oil and gas in deep-water basins[J].Marine Geology Letters,2003,19(8):38-41(in Chinese).
[5]Jin Chunshuang,Qiao Dewu,Jiang Chunyan.Advances of oil and gas explorations in worldwide deep water[J].Marine Geology Letters,2003,19(10):20-23(in Chinese).
[6]Sun Qing,Lian lian.Key technologies with development of exploration and exploitation of the deep water oil and gas and gas hydrate in South China Sea[J].Periodical of Ocean Uni-versity of China,2005,35(6):1049-1052(in Chinese).
[7]Niu Jiayu,Wang Yuman,Qiao Hansheng.Analysis of po-tential for oil&gas exploration of deep formation in old oil areasin East China[J].China PetroleumExploration,2004,9(1):33-40(in Chinese).
[8]Li Xianqing,Xiong bo,Ma Anlai,et al.Advancement of or-ganic petrology in oil and gas exploration[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2002,24(1):15-19(in Chi-nese).
[9]Wang Feiyu.Sub micro-level organic petrology and applica-tionin the assessment of source rocks[J].Journal of the U-niversity of Petroleum,China:Edition of Nature Science,1995,19(suppl):112-117(in Chinese).
[10]Hao Shisheng.Developments and expectation of organic geo-chemistry in China[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,1997,15(2):1-5(in Chinese).
[11]Wang Fangxiong,Hou Yingzi,Xia Ji.Development of source rock evaluation using well logging[J].Well Logging Tech-nology,2002,26(2):89-93(in Chinese).
[12]Cao Yingchang,Jiang Zaixing,Xia Bin,et al.Method,prin-ciple and example of identifying sequence stratigraphical boundary using sonic logging[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sini-ca,2003,21(2):318-323(in Chinese).
[13]Cao Yingchang,Jiang Zaixing,Xia Bin,et al.Some methods for identifying sequence boundaries and condensation sections using well logging[J].Journal of the University of Petrole-um,China:Edition of Nature Science,2003,27(2):23-26(in Chinese).
[14]Liu Luofu,Kang Yongshang,Qi Xuefeng,et al.Evaluation on source rocks in the Jurassic sequence stratigraphic frame-work of the Junggar Basin,China[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2002,20(4):687-694(in Chinese).
[15]Liu Zhen,Wu Yinye.Sequence stratigraphic framework and oil&gas exploration[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1999:70-81(in Chinese).
[16]Wu Changwu,Liu Zhen.Evaluation of Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks in northeast area of Tari m Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2000,21(3):201-203(in Chinese).
[17]Yang Jianye,Ren Deyi,Shaolongyi.The distribution of sed-i mentary organic faciesinthe continental facies Sequence stra-tigraphic framework:an example from Middle Jurassic coal-bearing series in the Taibei Sag of the Turpan-Hami Basin and southern Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sini-ca,2000,18(4):585-589(in Chinese).
[18]Yang Jianping,Jiang Zaixing,Chen Faliang,et al.Features of lacustrine condensed sections of the lower Tertiary in Hui min depression[J].Journal of the University of Petrole-um,China:Edition of Nature Science,1998,22(4):21-25(in Chinese).
[19]He Zhiping,Kang Yongshang,Shao Longyi,et al.Method of evaluating source-rock with geochemical logging datainthe sequence stratigraphic formation[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2004,22(2):319-323(in Chinese).
[20]Liu Zhen,Sun qiang,Wu Yaohui.Seismologic prediction of thermal maturity of Lower Cretaceous in Hongholshut de-pression[J].Experi mental Petroleum Geology,1997,19(4):371-376(in Chinese).
[21]Tissot B P,Welte D H.Petroleum formation and occur-rence.2nd[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,Tokyo,Heidel-berg,1984.
[22]Jin Bo,Liu Zhen,Wu Changwu,et al.Prediction of seismic velocity or lithology in Fudong slope belt in east Junggar Ba-sin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(1):47-49(in Chinese).
[23]Liu Zhen,Gao Xianzhi,Zeng Hongliu.Research on seismic velocity-lithology prediction model for Eogene of the Liaodong Bay[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1993,13(2):371-376(in Chinese).
[24]Schmoker J W.Empirical relation between carbonate porosity and thermal maturity an approach to regional porosity[J].AAPG Bull,1984,67(4):1697-1903.
[25]Schmoker J W,Gautier D L.Sand porosity as a function of thermal maturity[J].Geology,1988,16(11):1007-1010.
[26]Hayes J W.Porosity evolution of sandstones related to vit-rinite reflectance[J].Organic Geochemistry,1991,17(2):117-129.
[27]Liu Zhen,Wu Yaohui.Analysis of relation between compac-tion of mudstone and thermal maturity[J].Geological Re-view,1997,43(3):290-295(in Chinese).
[1]赵政璋,何海清.中国石油近几年新区油气勘探成果及下步工作面临的挑战和措施[J].沉积学报,2004,22(增刊):1-7.
[2]妥进才,王先彬,周世新,等.深层油气勘探现状与研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,1992,10(6):1-8.
[3]李小地.中国深部油气藏的形成与分布初探[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(1):34-39.
[4]陈建文.深水盆地油气勘探新领域[J].海洋地质动态,2003,19(8):38-41.
[5]金春爽,乔德武,姜春燕.国内外深水区油气勘探新进展[J].海洋地质动态,2003,19(10):20-23.
[6]孙清,连琏.中国深水海域油气及相关资源勘探开发进展及关键技术[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(6):1049-1052.
[7]牛嘉玉,王玉满,谯汉生.中国东部老油区深层油气勘探潜力分析[J].中国石油勘探,2004,9(1):33-40.
[8]李贤庆,熊波,马安来,等.有机岩石学在油气勘探评价中的应用进展[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(1):15-19.
[9]王飞宇.超微层次有机岩石学及其在烃源岩评价中的应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1995,19(增刊):112-117.
[10]郝石生.我国有机地球化学的发展与瞻望[J].沉积学报,1997,15(2):1-5.
[11]王方雄,侯英姿,夏季.烃源岩测井评价新进展[J].测井技术,2002,26(2):89-93.
[12]操应长,姜在兴,夏斌,等.声波时差测井资料识别层序地层单元界面的方法、原理及实例[J].沉积学报,2003,21(2):318-323.
[13]操应长,姜在兴,夏斌,等.利用测井资料识别层序地层界面的几种方法[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2003,27(2):23-26.
[14]刘洛夫,康永尚,齐雪峰,等.准噶尔盆地侏罗系层序地层格架中的烃源岩评价[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):687-694.
[15]刘震,吴因业.层序地层框架与油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:70-81.
[16]邬长武,刘震.塔东北地区侏罗系烃源岩评价[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(3):201-203.
[17]杨建业,任德贻,邵龙义.沉积有机相在陆相层序地层格架中的分布特征——以吐哈盆地台北凹陷及准噶尔盆地南缘中侏罗世煤系为例[J].沉积学报,2000,18(4):585-589.
[18]杨剑萍,姜在兴,陈发亮,等.惠民凹陷下第三系湖相沉积密集段特征[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1998,22(4):21-25.
[19]何志平,康永尚,邵龙义,等.层序格架中用地球化学录井资料评价烃源岩的方法[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):319-323.
[20]刘震,孙强,武耀辉.洪浩尔舒特凹陷下白垩统烃源岩热成熟度预测[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(4):371-376.
[22]金博,刘震,邬长武,等.地震速度岩性解释系统的应用——以准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡带为例[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(1):47-49.
[23]刘震,高先志,曾洪流.辽东湾地区下第三系地震速度岩性预测模型研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993,13(2):371-376.
[27]刘震,吴耀辉.泥岩压实程度与热成熟度关系分析[J].地质论评,1997,43(3):290-295.
[1]Zhao Zhengzhang,He Haiqing.Recent oil&gas exploration harvests in the newarea of PetroChina and future challenges and measures[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2004,22(suppl):1-7(in Chinese).
[2]Tuo Jincai,Wang Xianbin,Zhou Shixin,et al.The currentsituation and development of deep oil&gas exploration[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,1992,10(6):1-8(in Chinese).
[3]Li Xiaodi.Formation and distribution of deep oil and gas res-ervoirs in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Develop-ment,1994,21(1):34-39(in Chinese).
[4]Chen Jianwen.New exploration domain for oil and gas in deep-water basins[J].Marine Geology Letters,2003,19(8):38-41(in Chinese).
[5]Jin Chunshuang,Qiao Dewu,Jiang Chunyan.Advances of oil and gas explorations in worldwide deep water[J].Marine Geology Letters,2003,19(10):20-23(in Chinese).
[6]Sun Qing,Lian lian.Key technologies with development of exploration and exploitation of the deep water oil and gas and gas hydrate in South China Sea[J].Periodical of Ocean Uni-versity of China,2005,35(6):1049-1052(in Chinese).
[7]Niu Jiayu,Wang Yuman,Qiao Hansheng.Analysis of po-tential for oil&gas exploration of deep formation in old oil areasin East China[J].China PetroleumExploration,2004,9(1):33-40(in Chinese).
[8]Li Xianqing,Xiong bo,Ma Anlai,et al.Advancement of or-ganic petrology in oil and gas exploration[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2002,24(1):15-19(in Chi-nese).
[9]Wang Feiyu.Sub micro-level organic petrology and applica-tionin the assessment of source rocks[J].Journal of the U-niversity of Petroleum,China:Edition of Nature Science,1995,19(suppl):112-117(in Chinese).
[10]Hao Shisheng.Developments and expectation of organic geo-chemistry in China[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,1997,15(2):1-5(in Chinese).
[11]Wang Fangxiong,Hou Yingzi,Xia Ji.Development of source rock evaluation using well logging[J].Well Logging Tech-nology,2002,26(2):89-93(in Chinese).
[12]Cao Yingchang,Jiang Zaixing,Xia Bin,et al.Method,prin-ciple and example of identifying sequence stratigraphical boundary using sonic logging[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sini-ca,2003,21(2):318-323(in Chinese).
[13]Cao Yingchang,Jiang Zaixing,Xia Bin,et al.Some methods for identifying sequence boundaries and condensation sections using well logging[J].Journal of the University of Petrole-um,China:Edition of Nature Science,2003,27(2):23-26(in Chinese).
[14]Liu Luofu,Kang Yongshang,Qi Xuefeng,et al.Evaluation on source rocks in the Jurassic sequence stratigraphic frame-work of the Junggar Basin,China[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2002,20(4):687-694(in Chinese).
[15]Liu Zhen,Wu Yinye.Sequence stratigraphic framework and oil&gas exploration[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,1999:70-81(in Chinese).
[16]Wu Changwu,Liu Zhen.Evaluation of Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks in northeast area of Tari m Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2000,21(3):201-203(in Chinese).
[17]Yang Jianye,Ren Deyi,Shaolongyi.The distribution of sed-i mentary organic faciesinthe continental facies Sequence stra-tigraphic framework:an example from Middle Jurassic coal-bearing series in the Taibei Sag of the Turpan-Hami Basin and southern Junggar Basin[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sini-ca,2000,18(4):585-589(in Chinese).
[18]Yang Jianping,Jiang Zaixing,Chen Faliang,et al.Features of lacustrine condensed sections of the lower Tertiary in Hui min depression[J].Journal of the University of Petrole-um,China:Edition of Nature Science,1998,22(4):21-25(in Chinese).
[19]He Zhiping,Kang Yongshang,Shao Longyi,et al.Method of evaluating source-rock with geochemical logging datainthe sequence stratigraphic formation[J].Acta Sedi mentologica Sinica,2004,22(2):319-323(in Chinese).
[20]Liu Zhen,Sun qiang,Wu Yaohui.Seismologic prediction of thermal maturity of Lower Cretaceous in Hongholshut de-pression[J].Experi mental Petroleum Geology,1997,19(4):371-376(in Chinese).
[21]Tissot B P,Welte D H.Petroleum formation and occur-rence.2nd[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,Tokyo,Heidel-berg,1984.
[22]Jin Bo,Liu Zhen,Wu Changwu,et al.Prediction of seismic velocity or lithology in Fudong slope belt in east Junggar Ba-sin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(1):47-49(in Chinese).
[23]Liu Zhen,Gao Xianzhi,Zeng Hongliu.Research on seismic velocity-lithology prediction model for Eogene of the Liaodong Bay[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1993,13(2):371-376(in Chinese).
[24]Schmoker J W.Empirical relation between carbonate porosity and thermal maturity an approach to regional porosity[J].AAPG Bull,1984,67(4):1697-1903.
[25]Schmoker J W,Gautier D L.Sand porosity as a function of thermal maturity[J].Geology,1988,16(11):1007-1010.
[26]Hayes J W.Porosity evolution of sandstones related to vit-rinite reflectance[J].Organic Geochemistry,1991,17(2):117-129.
[27]Liu Zhen,Wu Yaohui.Analysis of relation between compac-tion of mudstone and thermal maturity[J].Geological Re-view,1997,43(3):290-295(in Chinese).
[1]赵政璋,何海清.中国石油近几年新区油气勘探成果及下步工作面临的挑战和措施[J].沉积学报,2004,22(增刊):1-7.
[2]妥进才,王先彬,周世新,等.深层油气勘探现状与研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,1992,10(6):1-8.
[3]李小地.中国深部油气藏的形成与分布初探[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(1):34-39.
[4]陈建文.深水盆地油气勘探新领域[J].海洋地质动态,2003,19(8):38-41.
[5]金春爽,乔德武,姜春燕.国内外深水区油气勘探新进展[J].海洋地质动态,2003,19(10):20-23.
[6]孙清,连琏.中国深水海域油气及相关资源勘探开发进展及关键技术[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(6):1049-1052.
[7]牛嘉玉,王玉满,谯汉生.中国东部老油区深层油气勘探潜力分析[J].中国石油勘探,2004,9(1):33-40.
[8]李贤庆,熊波,马安来,等.有机岩石学在油气勘探评价中的应用进展[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(1):15-19.
[9]王飞宇.超微层次有机岩石学及其在烃源岩评价中的应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1995,19(增刊):112-117.
[10]郝石生.我国有机地球化学的发展与瞻望[J].沉积学报,1997,15(2):1-5.
[11]王方雄,侯英姿,夏季.烃源岩测井评价新进展[J].测井技术,2002,26(2):89-93.
[12]操应长,姜在兴,夏斌,等.声波时差测井资料识别层序地层单元界面的方法、原理及实例[J].沉积学报,2003,21(2):318-323.
[13]操应长,姜在兴,夏斌,等.利用测井资料识别层序地层界面的几种方法[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2003,27(2):23-26.
[14]刘洛夫,康永尚,齐雪峰,等.准噶尔盆地侏罗系层序地层格架中的烃源岩评价[J].沉积学报,2002,20(4):687-694.
[15]刘震,吴因业.层序地层框架与油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:70-81.
[16]邬长武,刘震.塔东北地区侏罗系烃源岩评价[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(3):201-203.
[17]杨建业,任德贻,邵龙义.沉积有机相在陆相层序地层格架中的分布特征——以吐哈盆地台北凹陷及准噶尔盆地南缘中侏罗世煤系为例[J].沉积学报,2000,18(4):585-589.
[18]杨剑萍,姜在兴,陈发亮,等.惠民凹陷下第三系湖相沉积密集段特征[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1998,22(4):21-25.
[19]何志平,康永尚,邵龙义,等.层序格架中用地球化学录井资料评价烃源岩的方法[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):319-323.
[20]刘震,孙强,武耀辉.洪浩尔舒特凹陷下白垩统烃源岩热成熟度预测[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(4):371-376.
[22]金博,刘震,邬长武,等.地震速度岩性解释系统的应用——以准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡带为例[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(1):47-49.
[23]刘震,高先志,曾洪流.辽东湾地区下第三系地震速度岩性预测模型研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1993,13(2):371-376.
[27]刘震,吴耀辉.泥岩压实程度与热成熟度关系分析[J].地质论评,1997,43(3):290-295.
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