广东沿海新构造运动的大陆动力学背景
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摘要
广东沿海新构造运动的大陆动力学背景除了受周边板块运动影响外 ,还受该区大地构造演化的历史和壳幔深部结构的制约。该区新构造应力场变化为 :晚第三纪 ,陆缘裂陷盆地区为SSE向拉张 ,粤东、粤中沿海陆地局部为近SN向挤压 ;上新世晚期至今 ,为NWW—SEE向挤压。燕山晚期以来沿海地区“华夏山系”的造山后拉伸塌陷和岩石圈拆沉作用 ,导致地壳张裂 ,软流圈上涌 ,对广东沿海的新构造运动起重要的控制作用。此外 ,广东沿海上地幔的高热状态和地壳内部的流变分层结构 ,是该区新构造运动和地震发生的重要的深部结构因素
The continental dynamic settings of the neotectonic movements along coastal areas of Guangdong Province were controlled not only by the plate movements, but also by the geotectonic evolutionary history and the deep crust-mantle structures in the areas. The tectonic stress fields were changed from SSE-trending extension in the continental margin rifting basins and nearly NS-trending compression in local areas along the coasts of eastern and central Guangdong during the Neogene to NWW-SEE trending compression since the later Pliocene. It was also shown by the data of igneous petrochemistry, paleaogeography and geophysics that there was a mountain system called the Cathaysian mountain system which may be 3500-4000m high and about 500 km wide located in the southeastern China continent margin during the period of the Yanshan movements. At least in the Paleocene, the landform in southeastern China was higher than that in southwestern China. The tremendous changes of relief that may be caused by post-orogenic extensional collapse and lower lithospheric delamination, which led to the crust extension and the asthenosphere upheaval, had an important effect on the neotectonic movements along the costal areas of Guangdong. There exist lower-velocity and high-conductive layers or plastic weak layers within the crust. It was shown that the sandwich-like crust system was subjected to lateral compression, stress in the brittle layers over plastic layer would be increased because the plastic layer would transmit the force to the brittle layer by means of diapiric upwarping. The high-temperature state of upper mantle and rheological stratification within the crust is a significant deep structural factor to control the neotectonic movements and the earthquake activities along the coastal areas of Guangdong Province.
The continental dynamic settings of the neotectonic movements along coastal areas of Guangdong Province were controlled not only by the plate movements, but also by the geotectonic evolutionary history and the deep crust-mantle structures in the areas. The tectonic stress fields were changed from SSE-trending extension in the continental margin rifting basins and nearly NS-trending compression in local areas along the coasts of eastern and central Guangdong during the Neogene to NWW-SEE trending compression since the later Pliocene. It was also shown by the data of igneous petrochemistry, paleaogeography and geophysics that there was a mountain system called the Cathaysian mountain system which may be 3500-4000m high and about 500 km wide located in the southeastern China continent margin during the period of the Yanshan movements. At least in the Paleocene, the landform in southeastern China was higher than that in southwestern China. The tremendous changes of relief that may be caused by post-orogenic extensional collapse and lower lithospheric delamination, which led to the crust extension and the asthenosphere upheaval, had an important effect on the neotectonic movements along the costal areas of Guangdong. There exist lower-velocity and high-conductive layers or plastic weak layers within the crust. It was shown that the sandwich-like crust system was subjected to lateral compression, stress in the brittle layers over plastic layer would be increased because the plastic layer would transmit the force to the brittle layer by means of diapiric upwarping. The high-temperature state of upper mantle and rheological stratification within the crust is a significant deep structural factor to control the neotectonic movements and the earthquake activities along the coastal areas of Guangdong Province.
引文
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[26] 任纪舜.中国大陆的组成、构造、演化和动力学[J].地球学报,1994,15(3-4):5-13.
[27] 林传勇,史兰斌,何永年,等.中国东部幔源包体的变形特征及其上地幔流变学意义[A].钱祥麟.伸展构造研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1994,87-98.
[28] AvelallementH ,MercierJC ,CarterNJ RossJV ,Rheologyofuppermantle:inferencefromperidotitexenoliths[J].Tectonophysics,1980,70:85-113.
[29] 汪集,黄少鹏.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第2版)[J].地震地质,1990,12(4):351-366.
[30] 周江羽,吴冲龙,庄新国.浙闽粤东部地热场研究及其意义[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(2):7-12.
[31] 林中洋,胡鸿翔,朱良保,等.雷琼地区地壳结构研究的初步结果[A].丁原章.海南岛北部地震研究文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1988,127-139.
[32] 章惠芳.中国东南沿海地区泉汕爆破深地震测深资料的再解释[J].中国地震,1988,4(2):96-105.
[33] 陈学波,李金森,王恩福,等.汕头-吕宋岛岩石圈速度结构与震源构造[J].地球物理学进展,1996,11(1):28-41
[34] 徐常芳,赵国泽,詹 燕.壳内低阻层的形成及其与地震的关系[A].刘若新.现今地球动力学研究及其应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1994,100-107.
[35] 邹和平.南海北部陆缘地震带的深部结构和孕震机制[J].华南地震,1998,18(3):16-20.
[36] 王 琪,张培震,牛之俊,等.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形[J].中国科学(D),2001,31(7):529-536
[2] 黄玉昆.华南沿海晚新生代地质[J].中山大学学报论丛(自然科学)1992,(1):1-103.
[3] 张虎男,陈伟光,黄坤荣,等.华南沿海新构造运动与地质环境[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.1-295.
[4] 刘以宣.南海新构造与地壳稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.1-271.
[5] 马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.1-70.
[6] 周硕愚,帅 平,郭逢英,等.中国福建及其边缘海域现时地壳运动定量研究[J].地震学报,2000,22(1):66-72
[7] 陈文寄,彭 贵.年轻地质体系的年代测定[M].北京:地震出版社,1991,277-287.
[8] 万天丰.中国东部中、新生代板内变形应力场及其作用[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.1-69.
[9] 许志琴,张建新,徐惠芬,等.中国主要大陆山链韧性剪切带及动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997,211-219
[10] 黄玉昆,张 珂,王明峰,等.闽南粤东沿海北西向断裂构造的近代活动性与应力场的探讨[J].中山大学学报论丛(自然科学),1992,(1):19-39.
[11] 潘建雄.论广州地区的地震构造及其发震危险性[J].华南地震,1992,12(4):32-41.
[12] 肖庆辉,白星碧.简单的板块构造与复杂的大陆[A].中国地质矿产信息研究院,走向21世纪的地学与矿产资源[M].北京:地质出版社,1996,94-99.
[13] 王厚亮,岳书仓.闽东地区燕山晚期花岗岩成岩地球化学研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通讯,1990,(1):9-10.
[14] 邹和平.海南岛后地台造山-造盆模型:火成岩地球化学制约[J].大地构造与成矿学,1997,21(2):117-123
[15] 邓晋福,刘厚祥,赵海玲,等.燕辽地区燕山期火成岩与造山模型[J].现代地质,1996,10(2):137-148
[16] CondieKC Platetectonicsandcrustalevolution[M]NewYorkPergamonPress,INC ,1976,145-174.
[17] 周王旬若,吴克隆.漳州I-A型花岗岩[M].北京:科学出版社,1994,1-125.
[18] 陈丕基.晚白垩世中国东南沿岸山系与中南地区的沙漠和盐湖化[M].地层学杂志,1997,21(3):203-213.
[19] CaoZY .EarlyCretaceousflorainCircum-PacificRegionofChina[J]CretaceousResearch,1994,15(3):245-257
[20] 汪品先.亚洲形变与全球变冷—探索气候与构造的关系。第四纪研究,1998,(3):213-219.
[21] 王培宗,陈耀安,曹宝庭,等.福建省地壳-上地幔结构及深部构造背景的研究。福建地质,1993,12(2):79-158
[22] 卢华复,贾 东,郭令智,等.闽台微大陆的组成与碰撞史.李继亮.东南大陆岩石圈结构与地质演化.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993,12-26
[23] NelsonKD ArecrustalthicknessvariationsinoldmountainbeltsliketheAppalachiansaconsequenceoflithosphericdelamination?[J]Geology,1992,20:498-502
[24] 黄镇国,张伟强,陈俊鸿,等.中国南方红色风化壳[M].北京:海洋出版社,1996,178-202.
[25] 刘尚仁.晚更新世以来北江和西江的阶地、地壳运动及其生产利用[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1984,23(4):135-142.
[26] 任纪舜.中国大陆的组成、构造、演化和动力学[J].地球学报,1994,15(3-4):5-13.
[27] 林传勇,史兰斌,何永年,等.中国东部幔源包体的变形特征及其上地幔流变学意义[A].钱祥麟.伸展构造研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1994,87-98.
[28] AvelallementH ,MercierJC ,CarterNJ RossJV ,Rheologyofuppermantle:inferencefromperidotitexenoliths[J].Tectonophysics,1980,70:85-113.
[29] 汪集,黄少鹏.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第2版)[J].地震地质,1990,12(4):351-366.
[30] 周江羽,吴冲龙,庄新国.浙闽粤东部地热场研究及其意义[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(2):7-12.
[31] 林中洋,胡鸿翔,朱良保,等.雷琼地区地壳结构研究的初步结果[A].丁原章.海南岛北部地震研究文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1988,127-139.
[32] 章惠芳.中国东南沿海地区泉汕爆破深地震测深资料的再解释[J].中国地震,1988,4(2):96-105.
[33] 陈学波,李金森,王恩福,等.汕头-吕宋岛岩石圈速度结构与震源构造[J].地球物理学进展,1996,11(1):28-41
[34] 徐常芳,赵国泽,詹 燕.壳内低阻层的形成及其与地震的关系[A].刘若新.现今地球动力学研究及其应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1994,100-107.
[35] 邹和平.南海北部陆缘地震带的深部结构和孕震机制[J].华南地震,1998,18(3):16-20.
[36] 王 琪,张培震,牛之俊,等.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形[J].中国科学(D),2001,31(7):529-536
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