自然灾害应急救助卫星通信保障手段及空间布局分析
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摘要
保证灾后第一时间灾害信息以及救助信息的畅通,是实现高效应急救助的重要保障。本文回顾和总结了国内外利用卫星通信等手段建立的应急通信基础设施和计划和应用情况,着重分析灾害应急救助对灾害以及救助信息的类型,应急救助通信保障手段;同时,结合我国自然灾害分异特点,分析我国自然灾害应急救助通信保障的应考虑的因素,初步提出卫星通信终端空间布局指标体系和等级划分原则,并通过构建综合指数法来综合反映对卫星通信保障的需求程度,提出基于卫星的通信保障建设空间布局。
Satellite-based telecommunication plays an important role in providing first-aid after natural disaster.In this paper,satellite-based telecommunication infrastructure construction and applications in emergency response in some developed countries were reviewed.The need for emergency telecommunication was discussed and the advantage of satellite-based telecommunication was analyzed.And based on the analysis of requirement of satellite-based emergency telecommunication and the spatial pattern of natural disaster in China,the indicator system for satellite-based emergency telecommunication and rules for grade division were brought forward.The method of constructing the Comprehensive Index to integrate all indicators for satellite-based emergency telecommunication system was constructed to reflect the over-all requirement.And the spatial distribution map was proposed according to the county-based Comprehensive Index.
Satellite-based telecommunication plays an important role in providing first-aid after natural disaster.In this paper,satellite-based telecommunication infrastructure construction and applications in emergency response in some developed countries were reviewed.The need for emergency telecommunication was discussed and the advantage of satellite-based telecommunication was analyzed.And based on the analysis of requirement of satellite-based emergency telecommunication and the spatial pattern of natural disaster in China,the indicator system for satellite-based emergency telecommunication and rules for grade division were brought forward.The method of constructing the Comprehensive Index to integrate all indicators for satellite-based emergency telecommunication system was constructed to reflect the over-all requirement.And the spatial distribution map was proposed according to the county-based Comprehensive Index.
引文
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[2]王静爱,史培军,王平,王瑛.中国自然灾害时空格局[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[3]李文峰,韩晓冰,汪仁,张登福.现代应急通信技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2007.
[4]吴诗其,李兴.卫星通信导论[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[5]钟卓新.反恐中的应急通信——兼谈美国应急通信的建设[J].计算机安全,2003.
[6]王海宁,张冰,孙蓉.海啸带给我们的思考——应急通信的重要性[J].数字通信世界,2005.
[7]陆剑.揭开卫星应急通信的“神秘面纱”[N].新华日报,2006.
[8]李德东,张建超,王宇杰.卫星电话在防汛通信系统中的应用[J].黑龙江水利科技,2005.
[9]李京.卫星通信在我国灾害应急体系中的应用需求[J].无线通信,2006.
[10]文青.卫星通信用于灾害和危机管理[J].国际太空,2004.
[11]梁凯利.2001年典型震例及其启示[J].国际地震动态,2002.
[12]祝龙双,施永新.卫星宽带在应急通信和灾害备份中的应用[J].卫星与网络杂志,2008.
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