浅层地震勘探资料地质解释过程中值得重视的问题
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摘要
浅层地震勘探是第四系覆盖区隐伏断层活动性研究常用的手段,叠加剖面上反射波组的分叉、合并、弯曲、中断、尖灭等被用作判断断层存在的重要标志。松花江北的吕刚屯、巨宝屯浅层地震叠加剖面上,T0为下更新统砂砾石层等松散堆积和白垩系砂岩、泥岩的分界面,反射波组清晰。T0-1波组为砂砾石层和黏土层、或砂砾石层和粉细砂层的反射界面,反射波组振幅大,能量强。根据地震反射剖面和测线上的钻孔资料,认为阿什河断层错断了下更新统下段,滨州断层错断了上更新统下段。而通过建立高精度的钻探联合地质剖面、地层年代测试和地层对比,确认阿什河断层没有错断第四系,滨州断层错断了下更新统下段。最后,从第四系的岩性、厚度变化等解释了浅层地震叠加剖面上反射波组的中断、弯曲并非断层活动的结果,而是由第四纪地层相变引起的。
Shallow seismic surveying is a common method applied to the research of blind fault activity at the Quaternary stratum region,especially in urban area.The bifurcating,uniting,bending,intermitting and ending off of reflection waves on stacked time section are important signs which are often used to judge the existence of blind fault.At the northern area of Songhuajiang River in Harbin City,we finished two seismic reflection profiles.On the shallow seismic reflection profiles of Lugangtun and Jubaotun,the T0 wave group corresponding to the interface between Cretaceous sand-mud stone and lower Pleistocene gravel is clear.T0-1 reflecting wave group corresponding to the contact surface between gravel and clay,or fine sand and gravel,is also clear.Based on the stacking seismic profiles and borehole data,we conclude that the Ashihe fault offset the bottom stratum of lower Pleistocene,and Binzhou fault cut off the bottom stratum of upper Pleistocene.By building high quality composite drilling geological profiles,dating the samples from bores,and contrasting stratum from one bore to the other,we consider that the Ashihe fault does not offset the Quaternary formation,the fault may only exist in Cretaceous sand-mud stone.The Binzhou fault is only an early Pleistocene fault;it doesn't offset the late Pleistocene formation.Finally,we think that the bifurcating,bending,intermitting and ending off of seismic reflection wave group on Luegangtun and Jubaotun seismic profiles are not the result of fault activity,but the phase change of Quaternary formation.
Shallow seismic surveying is a common method applied to the research of blind fault activity at the Quaternary stratum region,especially in urban area.The bifurcating,uniting,bending,intermitting and ending off of reflection waves on stacked time section are important signs which are often used to judge the existence of blind fault.At the northern area of Songhuajiang River in Harbin City,we finished two seismic reflection profiles.On the shallow seismic reflection profiles of Lugangtun and Jubaotun,the T0 wave group corresponding to the interface between Cretaceous sand-mud stone and lower Pleistocene gravel is clear.T0-1 reflecting wave group corresponding to the contact surface between gravel and clay,or fine sand and gravel,is also clear.Based on the stacking seismic profiles and borehole data,we conclude that the Ashihe fault offset the bottom stratum of lower Pleistocene,and Binzhou fault cut off the bottom stratum of upper Pleistocene.By building high quality composite drilling geological profiles,dating the samples from bores,and contrasting stratum from one bore to the other,we consider that the Ashihe fault does not offset the Quaternary formation,the fault may only exist in Cretaceous sand-mud stone.The Binzhou fault is only an early Pleistocene fault;it doesn't offset the late Pleistocene formation.Finally,we think that the bifurcating,bending,intermitting and ending off of seismic reflection wave group on Luegangtun and Jubaotun seismic profiles are not the result of fault activity,but the phase change of Quaternary formation.
引文
[1]浙江省工程地震研究所,2004,萧山-球川断裂(富阳—盐关段)活动性研究。
[1]中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘察研究所等,2005,哈尔滨市滨州、松北、阿什河断裂浅层人工地震勘探报告。
[2]中国地震局地质研究所,2006,哈尔滨标准钻孔探测报告。
[1]同284页[1]。
[1]同284页[1]。
[1]同第284页[2]。
[1]同284页[2]。
方盛明,张先康,刘保金,等.2002.探测大城市活断层的地球物理方法[J].地震地质,24(4):606—613.FANG Sheng-ming,ZHANG Xian-kang,LIU Bao-jin,et al.2002.Geophysical methods for the exploration of urbanactive faults[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):606—613(in Chineses).
江娃利.2001.北京平原夏垫断裂潘各庄钻孔晚更新世晚期以来古地震事件分析[A].见:中国地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(8).140—148.JIANG Wa-li.2001.Paleoearthquake analysis of the Xiadian fault since late period of Pleistocene epoch from Pan-gezhuang bore in Beijing plain[A].In:Institute of Geology,CEA(ed).Research on Active Fault(8).Seis-mological Press,Beijing.140—148(in Chinese).
刘保金,方盛明,张先康,等.2002.城市活断层探测的高分辨率浅层地震数据采集技术[J].地震地质,24(4):524—532.LIU Bao-jin,FANG Sheng-ming,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.Acquisition technique of high-resolution shallowseismic data for surveying of urban active faults[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):524—532(in Chinese).
潘纪顺,刘保金,朱金芳,等.2002.城市活断层高分辨率地震勘探震源对比实验研究[J].地震地质,24(4):533—541.PAN Ji-shun,LIU Bao-jin,ZHU Jin-fang,et al.2002.Comparative experiment on seismic sources in high-resolutionseismic exploration for urban active faults[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):533—541(in Chinese).
徐朝繁,张先康,朱金芳,等.2002.复杂介质结构中折射界面的哈格多恩原理波前成像[J].地震地质,24(4):542—548.XU Zhao-fan,ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHU Jin-fang,et al.2002.Refractor imaging in complex structures by usingHAGEDOORN wave-front reconstruction principle[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):542—548(in Chi-nese).
徐锡伟,计凤桔,于贵华,等.2000.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究[J].地震地质,22(1):9—19.XU Xi-wei,Ji Feng-ju,Yu Gui-hua,et al.2000.Reconstruction of paleoearthquake sequence using stratigraphic re-cords from drill logs:a study at the Xiadian fault[J].Seismology and Geology,22(1):9—19(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴为民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.118—127.XUXi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.Latest Tectonic Movement in the Crust and Earthquakesin the Region around Capital[M].Science Press,Beijing.118—127(in Chinese).
中国地震局.2005.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程[Z].北京:地震出版社.13—42.China Earthquake Adminstration.2005.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying[Z].Seismological Press,Beijing.13—42(in Chinese).
YANG Xiao-ping,LI De-qing,ZHAO Cheng-bin,et al.2004.The movement age of hidden fault and analysis on widthof its effect zone from shallow seismic sounding data[J].Acta Seismological Sinica,17(Suppl):94—109.
[1]中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘察研究所等,2005,哈尔滨市滨州、松北、阿什河断裂浅层人工地震勘探报告。
[2]中国地震局地质研究所,2006,哈尔滨标准钻孔探测报告。
[1]同284页[1]。
[1]同284页[1]。
[1]同第284页[2]。
[1]同284页[2]。
方盛明,张先康,刘保金,等.2002.探测大城市活断层的地球物理方法[J].地震地质,24(4):606—613.FANG Sheng-ming,ZHANG Xian-kang,LIU Bao-jin,et al.2002.Geophysical methods for the exploration of urbanactive faults[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):606—613(in Chineses).
江娃利.2001.北京平原夏垫断裂潘各庄钻孔晚更新世晚期以来古地震事件分析[A].见:中国地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(8).140—148.JIANG Wa-li.2001.Paleoearthquake analysis of the Xiadian fault since late period of Pleistocene epoch from Pan-gezhuang bore in Beijing plain[A].In:Institute of Geology,CEA(ed).Research on Active Fault(8).Seis-mological Press,Beijing.140—148(in Chinese).
刘保金,方盛明,张先康,等.2002.城市活断层探测的高分辨率浅层地震数据采集技术[J].地震地质,24(4):524—532.LIU Bao-jin,FANG Sheng-ming,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.Acquisition technique of high-resolution shallowseismic data for surveying of urban active faults[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):524—532(in Chinese).
潘纪顺,刘保金,朱金芳,等.2002.城市活断层高分辨率地震勘探震源对比实验研究[J].地震地质,24(4):533—541.PAN Ji-shun,LIU Bao-jin,ZHU Jin-fang,et al.2002.Comparative experiment on seismic sources in high-resolutionseismic exploration for urban active faults[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):533—541(in Chinese).
徐朝繁,张先康,朱金芳,等.2002.复杂介质结构中折射界面的哈格多恩原理波前成像[J].地震地质,24(4):542—548.XU Zhao-fan,ZHANG Xian-kang,ZHU Jin-fang,et al.2002.Refractor imaging in complex structures by usingHAGEDOORN wave-front reconstruction principle[J].Seismology and Geology,24(4):542—548(in Chi-nese).
徐锡伟,计凤桔,于贵华,等.2000.用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列:河北夏垫断裂古地震研究[J].地震地质,22(1):9—19.XU Xi-wei,Ji Feng-ju,Yu Gui-hua,et al.2000.Reconstruction of paleoearthquake sequence using stratigraphic re-cords from drill logs:a study at the Xiadian fault[J].Seismology and Geology,22(1):9—19(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴为民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.118—127.XUXi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.Latest Tectonic Movement in the Crust and Earthquakesin the Region around Capital[M].Science Press,Beijing.118—127(in Chinese).
中国地震局.2005.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程[Z].北京:地震出版社.13—42.China Earthquake Adminstration.2005.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying[Z].Seismological Press,Beijing.13—42(in Chinese).
YANG Xiao-ping,LI De-qing,ZHAO Cheng-bin,et al.2004.The movement age of hidden fault and analysis on widthof its effect zone from shallow seismic sounding data[J].Acta Seismological Sinica,17(Suppl):94—109.
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