实用构造地质学讨论——以山西地区构造问题为例
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摘要
通过讨论得出一种新的构造地质学观点:⑴板块与板块碰撞造山是靠地震来实现的。当地球某处的能量积聚到一定的极限就会产生地震释放能量;⑵地震时产生地震波,地震波传播同时也传导了地震力。地震力是与地震波的类型相一致,地震力可对应地称为纵波力、横波力、拉夫力和瑞雷力。这些力可以合成或分解为线状力、面状力和体状力;⑶地震时将动能转化为势能,使地体隆升,产生断层和挠褶等。升高的势能又在重力作用下产生新的构造。震力和重力作用是形成地质构造的两大因素;⑷威尔逊旋回不适宜板内造山旋回。板内造山旋回简单地说就是沉积—隆升—剥蚀—夷平。一个大的构造期,实际上是孕育了一个大的地震周期。以此为理论依据,将山西地区显生宙以来大级别的造山-沉积旋回划分为五个。
This paper concludes a new and practical structural geological perspective: 1) Plate-plate collision orogen is achieved by earthquake.When energy accumulation reaches a limit in somewhere in the earth it will create earthquake to release the energy.Earthquake release of energy is to transform energy into earthquake force that is transferred outward in the soonest way,resulting in violent structural movement.;2) earthquake produces seismic wave that acts by medium particle(mineral or mineral assemblage) collision.Seismic wave transmission also transmits earthquake force,so earthquake force is consistent with seismic wave in nature.Seismic wave is divided into longitudinal wave,transverse wave,LoVe wave and Rayleigh wave,which correspond to longitudinal wave force,transverse wave force,LoVe wave force and Rayleigh wave force in terms of earthquake,and these forces can combine or dissolve into linear force,planar force and cubic force;3)earthquake transforms kinetic energy into potential energy that is expressed in terrane uplift,formation of fault or flexure fold.The elevated potential energy gives rise to new structure under gravitational action.Earthquake force and gravity are two major factors to form geological structures;4) The Wilson cylce does not apply to intra-plate orogenic cycle at all.Intra-plate cycle is simply uplifting-erosion-leveling.A major structural episode actually hides a significant earthquake period.A complete structural episode usually starts with structural uplift,erosion and ends with leveling.With this as theoretical basis,five major orogenic-sedimentary cycles since Phanerozoic have been divided in the Shanxi area.
This paper concludes a new and practical structural geological perspective: 1) Plate-plate collision orogen is achieved by earthquake.When energy accumulation reaches a limit in somewhere in the earth it will create earthquake to release the energy.Earthquake release of energy is to transform energy into earthquake force that is transferred outward in the soonest way,resulting in violent structural movement.;2) earthquake produces seismic wave that acts by medium particle(mineral or mineral assemblage) collision.Seismic wave transmission also transmits earthquake force,so earthquake force is consistent with seismic wave in nature.Seismic wave is divided into longitudinal wave,transverse wave,LoVe wave and Rayleigh wave,which correspond to longitudinal wave force,transverse wave force,LoVe wave force and Rayleigh wave force in terms of earthquake,and these forces can combine or dissolve into linear force,planar force and cubic force;3)earthquake transforms kinetic energy into potential energy that is expressed in terrane uplift,formation of fault or flexure fold.The elevated potential energy gives rise to new structure under gravitational action.Earthquake force and gravity are two major factors to form geological structures;4) The Wilson cylce does not apply to intra-plate orogenic cycle at all.Intra-plate cycle is simply uplifting-erosion-leveling.A major structural episode actually hides a significant earthquake period.A complete structural episode usually starts with structural uplift,erosion and ends with leveling.With this as theoretical basis,five major orogenic-sedimentary cycles since Phanerozoic have been divided in the Shanxi area.
引文
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[12]张兆琪,王权,刘成如.山西宁武贾家窑隆起-挠褶构造研究[J].地质学刊,2011,出版中.
[13]地质矿产部地质辞典办公室.地质辞典(一)[M].北京:地质出版社,1983,14～78.
[14]Wilson T J..Static or mobile Earth:the current scientificrevolution[J].Jour.Am.Phil.Soc.1968,112:309～320.
[15]特科特DL,舒伯特G..地球动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.
[16]山西省地质矿产局.山西省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.1989.
[2]地质矿产部地质辞典办公室.地质辞典(一)[M].北京:地质出版社,1983,11～69.
[3]Ross S.Stein and Robert S.Yeats.Hiddin Earthquakes[J].Scientific American.1989,260(6):48～57.
[4]M.巴特著,许立达译.地震学引论[M].北京:地震出版社,1978,45～78.
[5]张兆琪,杜晋峰.浅论地震力[J].华北国土资源,2011,45(4):1～4.
[6]张兆琪,潘永胜.岩石变形中三种方式的外力[J].华北国土资源,2010,41(4):7～19.
[7]马杏垣,索书田,闻力峰.重力与构造[J].构造地质论丛,北京:地质出版社,1984,(1):23～30.
[8]马杏垣.重力作用与构造运动[M].北京:地震出版社,1989,1～97.
[9]徐开礼,朱志澄主编.构造地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1990,25～89.
[10]包继忠.关于紫荆山断裂的南延问题[J].山西地质,1987,2(2):189～194.
[11]张兆琪.山西大同口泉山隆升-挠褶构造研究[J].地质调查与研究,2008,31(4):291～296.
[12]张兆琪,王权,刘成如.山西宁武贾家窑隆起-挠褶构造研究[J].地质学刊,2011,出版中.
[13]地质矿产部地质辞典办公室.地质辞典(一)[M].北京:地质出版社,1983,14～78.
[14]Wilson T J..Static or mobile Earth:the current scientificrevolution[J].Jour.Am.Phil.Soc.1968,112:309～320.
[15]特科特DL,舒伯特G..地球动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.
[16]山西省地质矿产局.山西省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.1989.
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