银川平原水资源优化配置研究
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摘要
该文在对银川平原水资源分布特点、开发利用现状及存在问题分析的基础上,以区域发展、生态环境保护和水资源可持续利用为依据,利用系统分析原理,建立了银川平原水资源优化配置模型,运用模型对区内工农业、生态环境用水以及地表水与地下水联合开发的合理配置进行了分析研究。结果表明:在满足不同水平年工农业及生态用水情况下,优化的地表水与地下水合理配水比例是:对盐渍化比较严重地区在实施地表水与地下水联合开发中,地下水开采所占比例大约在40%～55%之间;盐渍化中等地区,地下水开采占比例大约在35%～40%;盐渍化程度较弱地区地下水开采所占比例小于35%。这一结果有利于调控地下水位,体现了地表水与地下水联合开发的原则,节约了水资源,为区内水资源宏观开发利用与生态环境改善提供了科学依据。
Based on the analysis of distributing characters and the current state of water resources, the optimizing and allocating model of water resources in Yingchuan Plain is established by using the principle of system analysis and on the basis of regional development, ecological environment protection and the sustainable development of water resource. Furthermore, by employing the established model, the author discussed the proper allocation of the industrial and agricultural water, the ecological environment water and integrated development of surface water and ground water. In order to meet the water demand of industrial and agricultural development and ecological protection per year, the proper and optimal allocation scale of the ground water and surface water are suggested. Thus the development scale of ground water is about 40%～55% in the serious salinization area, and 35%～40% for moderate salinization area, and not more than 35% for slight salinization area. And the result is useful to regulate and control groundwater table, which indicates the principle of incorporate development of surface water and groundwater and economize the water resources, and provides the scientific base for exploitation of the water resources and the ecological environment improvement.
Based on the analysis of distributing characters and the current state of water resources, the optimizing and allocating model of water resources in Yingchuan Plain is established by using the principle of system analysis and on the basis of regional development, ecological environment protection and the sustainable development of water resource. Furthermore, by employing the established model, the author discussed the proper allocation of the industrial and agricultural water, the ecological environment water and integrated development of surface water and ground water. In order to meet the water demand of industrial and agricultural development and ecological protection per year, the proper and optimal allocation scale of the ground water and surface water are suggested. Thus the development scale of ground water is about 40%～55% in the serious salinization area, and 35%～40% for moderate salinization area, and not more than 35% for slight salinization area. And the result is useful to regulate and control groundwater table, which indicates the principle of incorporate development of surface water and groundwater and economize the water resources, and provides the scientific base for exploitation of the water resources and the ecological environment improvement.
引文
[1] 陈梦熊,马凤山 中国地下水资源与环境[M] 北京:地震出版社,2002 [CHENGMeng xiong,MAfeng shan GroundwaterResourceandEnvironmentofChina[M] Beijing:EarthquakePress,2002.]
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[6] BogardiIandBardossyA.Regionalmanagementofanaquiferforminingunderfuzzyenvironmentalobjectives[J].WaterResourceResearch,1983,19(6):1394～1402.
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[2] 王文科,王钊,孔金玲,等.关中地区水资源分布特点与合理利用模式[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(6):499～504.[WANGWen ke,WANGZhao,KONGJin ling,etal.Thedistributioncharacteristicsandpatternsofrationalexploitation utilizationofwaterresourcesinGuanzhongRegion,ShaanxiProvince[J].JournalofNaturalResources,2001,16(6):499～504.]
[3] 王文科,杨胜科,乔晓英,等.冯家山灌区环境地质问题及水资源开发模式探讨[J].国土开发与整治,2001,11(4):51～56.[WANGWen ke,YANGSheng ke,QIAOXiao ying,etal.TheenvironmentalgeologyproblemsinFengjiashanirrigationareaandthediscussionofexplorationpatternsofwaterresource[J].TerritorialDevelopmentandManagement,2001,11(4):51～56.]
[4] 林学钰,廖资生.地下水管理[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.[LINXue-yu,LIAOZi sheng.GroundWaterResourcesManagement[M].Beijing:GeologyPress,1995.]
[5] 王文科,孔金玲,王钊,等.论水资源管理模型存在的问题与发展趋势[J].工程勘察,2001,(6):15～18.[WANGWen ke,KONGJin ling,WANGZhao,etal.Onexistingproblemsanddevelopmenttrendinwaterresourcemanagementmodel[J].GeotechnicalInvestigationandSurveying,2001,(6):15～18.]
[6] BogardiIandBardossyA.Regionalmanagementofanaquiferforminingunderfuzzyenvironmentalobjectives[J].WaterResourceResearch,1983,19(6):1394～1402.
[7] LoucksDP.Waterresourcesystemsmodels:theirroleinplanning[J].JournalofWaterResourcePlanningandManagement,1992,118(3):215～223.
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