煤炭宽带高精度地震采集方法的研究
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摘要
从宽带高信噪比地震勘探理论出发,结合实际的浅层激发接收条件,对炸药源激发子波的形成及近地表附近地震波的传播特征进行了研究,并对实际试验资料进行分析,提出了地震激发条件的选择方法。从传感器的动态范围对增加地震信号的反射能量的研究表明,影响地震采集信号信噪比的关键因素是传感器的动态范围,数字检波器的动态范围优于90db可以增加高频弱信号的有效采集。在理论研究的基础上进行了实地试验,试验结果表明,理论研究成果是正确的。
Based on the theory of seismic exploration with wide band frequency and high signal and noise ratio and the real conditions of shooting and receiving in the near surface, this paper focuses on the research on the transmission feature of wavelet and the surface wave generated by source. The experiment result is analyzed in this paper and the approach of selecting shooting parameters is developed accordingly. The research on the effect of enhancing the reflection signal by changing dynamic range (DR) of sensors shows that the key factor of influencing the S/N ratio is DR of sensors. The effective acquisition of high frequency weak signal can be enhanced by the digital geophone whose DR is more than 90db. An experiment has been carried out based on the theory and the results confirm the correction of the theory.
Based on the theory of seismic exploration with wide band frequency and high signal and noise ratio and the real conditions of shooting and receiving in the near surface, this paper focuses on the research on the transmission feature of wavelet and the surface wave generated by source. The experiment result is analyzed in this paper and the approach of selecting shooting parameters is developed accordingly. The research on the effect of enhancing the reflection signal by changing dynamic range (DR) of sensors shows that the key factor of influencing the S/N ratio is DR of sensors. The effective acquisition of high frequency weak signal can be enhanced by the digital geophone whose DR is more than 90db. An experiment has been carried out based on the theory and the results confirm the correction of the theory.
引文
[1]崔若飞.地震资料矿井构造解释方法及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997.
[2]刘天放,张爱敏.地震勘探原理及方法[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996.
[3]陈继松,常旭.储油薄层的地震响应及定量解释[J].石油地球物勘探,1987,22(4):386.
[4]苏盛甫.薄储集层的反射特征和定量解释方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1988,23(4):387.
[5]姚建阳.在频率域求取薄层地层的厚度[J].石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(5):594.
[6]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨地震勘探系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[7]庄东海,肖春燕.利用人工神经网络计算薄层厚度[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(3):394.
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[9]刘光鼎.地球物理引论[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005.
[10]KOEFED O.Aspects of Vertical Seismic Resolution[J].Geophysics,1981,29:21
[11]DEVOOGE N,ROOIJEN H.Thin Layer Response andSpectral Bandwidth[J].Geophysics,1983,48:12
[12]KROLLPFEIFER D.etl,Detection and Resolution ofThin Layers,A model Seismic Study[J].GeophysicalProspecting,1988,36:244.
[13]彭苏萍,程桦.煤矿安全高效开采地质保障体系[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[14]唐文榜.地震反射法中薄煤层分辨能力的研究[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(6):641.
[15]程增庆,赵忠清,吴奕峰,等.地震反射波定量解释煤层厚度的方法[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(5):129.
[2]刘天放,张爱敏.地震勘探原理及方法[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996.
[3]陈继松,常旭.储油薄层的地震响应及定量解释[J].石油地球物勘探,1987,22(4):386.
[4]苏盛甫.薄储集层的反射特征和定量解释方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1988,23(4):387.
[5]姚建阳.在频率域求取薄层地层的厚度[J].石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(5):594.
[6]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨地震勘探系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[7]庄东海,肖春燕.利用人工神经网络计算薄层厚度[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(3):394.
[8]WIDESS MB.Howthin is a Thin Bed[J].Geophysics,1973,38:1176.
[9]刘光鼎.地球物理引论[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005.
[10]KOEFED O.Aspects of Vertical Seismic Resolution[J].Geophysics,1981,29:21
[11]DEVOOGE N,ROOIJEN H.Thin Layer Response andSpectral Bandwidth[J].Geophysics,1983,48:12
[12]KROLLPFEIFER D.etl,Detection and Resolution ofThin Layers,A model Seismic Study[J].GeophysicalProspecting,1988,36:244.
[13]彭苏萍,程桦.煤矿安全高效开采地质保障体系[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[14]唐文榜.地震反射法中薄煤层分辨能力的研究[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(6):641.
[15]程增庆,赵忠清,吴奕峰,等.地震反射波定量解释煤层厚度的方法[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(5):129.
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