地震灾后常见的病原体与疫病防控
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摘要
大地震后常发生疫病流行,灾后常流行的疫病主要是:肠道传染病(痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒、霍乱、手足口病、甲肝和戊肝等)、虫媒传染病(疟疾、黑热病、乙脑等)、动物源性疾病(鼠疫、肾综合征出血热、炭疽等)、土壤和疫水传播的疾病(破伤风、气性坏疽、钩端螺旋体病等)、呼吸道疾病(麻疹、风疹和流感等)以及食源性疾病(细菌或细菌毒素引起的食物中毒等)。本文就灾后疫病的主要病原体及所致疫病的综合防控原则与方法做一介绍。
Epidemic diseases often occur following natural disasters,such as earthquakes.The most commonly seen epidemics after an earthquake include:enteric diseases(dysentery,typoid and paratypoid fever,cholera,hand-foot-mouth disease,hepatitis A,hepatitis E,etc),arthropod-borne infectious diseases(malaria,Kala-Azar,Japanese encephalitis,etc), zoonosis(plague,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,anthrax,etc),soil and epidemic water transmitted diseases(tetanus, gas gangrene,leptospirosis,etc),respiratory diseases(measles,rubella,influenza,etc),food-borne diseases(food poisoning caused by bacteria or bacterial toxin).This article reviews the controlling principles and measures for major infectious pathogens and epidemic diseases after earthquake.
Epidemic diseases often occur following natural disasters,such as earthquakes.The most commonly seen epidemics after an earthquake include:enteric diseases(dysentery,typoid and paratypoid fever,cholera,hand-foot-mouth disease,hepatitis A,hepatitis E,etc),arthropod-borne infectious diseases(malaria,Kala-Azar,Japanese encephalitis,etc), zoonosis(plague,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,anthrax,etc),soil and epidemic water transmitted diseases(tetanus, gas gangrene,leptospirosis,etc),respiratory diseases(measles,rubella,influenza,etc),food-borne diseases(food poisoning caused by bacteria or bacterial toxin).This article reviews the controlling principles and measures for major infectious pathogens and epidemic diseases after earthquake.
引文
[1]戚中田．医学微生物学[M]．北京：科学出版社，2003．
[2]Brook G F,Brutel J S,Morse S A.Jawetz,Melnick,& Adel- berg's medical microbiology[M].23~(rd)ed.Boston:McGraw- Hill,2004.
[3]霍仲厚．马静，李文选，李春明．卫生防疫防护常用标准[M]．北京：军事医学科学出版社，2002．
[4]Schwartz B S,Harris J B,Khan A I,Larocque R C,Sack D A, Malek M A,et al.Diarrheal epidemics in Dhaka,Bangladesh, during three consecutive floods:1988,1998,and 2004[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2006,74:1067-1073.
[5]Basnyat B.Typhoid and paratyphoid fever[J].Lancet,2005, 366:1603.
[6]Vanden-Broeck D,Horvath C,De Wolf M J.Vibrio cholerae: cholera toxin[J].Int J Biochem Cell Biol,2007,39:1771～1775.
[7]Sirajul-Islam M,Brooks A,Kabir M S,Jahid I K,Shafiqul-Islam M,Goswami D,et al.Faecal contamination of drinking water sources of Dhaka city during the 2004 flood in Bangladesh and use of disinfectants for water treatment[J].J Appl Microbiol, 2007,103:80-87.
[8]Richards G P,Watson M A.A simple fluorogenic method to de- tect Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas hydrophila in well water for areas impacted by catastrophic disasters[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2006,75:516-521.
[9]Frydenberg A,Starr M.Hand,foot and mouth disease[J].Aust Fam Physician,2003,32:594-595.
[10]王成惠．秦少青．我国常见的虫媒传染病[J]．畜牧兽医科技信息．2007．9：8．
[11]Diagana M,Preux P M,Dumas M.Japanese encephalitis revisi- ted[J].J Neurol Sci,2007.262(1-2);165-170.
[12]Ligon B L.Plague:a review of its history and potential as a bio- logical weapon[J].Semin Pediatr Infect Dis,2006,17:161-170.
[13]马汉维．现阶段鼠疫防控的重点地区及应采用的主要措施[J]．中国地方病防治杂志，2008．23：68-70．
[14]颜迎春．李悦，吕东霞．肾综合征出血热流行病学研究与防治现状[J]．中国热带医学，2008，8：465-467．
[15]Palaniappan R U,Ramanujam S,Chang Y F.Leptospirosis: pathogenesis,immunity,and diagnosis[J].Curt Opin Infect Dis,2007,20:284-292.
[2]Brook G F,Brutel J S,Morse S A.Jawetz,Melnick,& Adel- berg's medical microbiology[M].23~(rd)ed.Boston:McGraw- Hill,2004.
[3]霍仲厚．马静，李文选，李春明．卫生防疫防护常用标准[M]．北京：军事医学科学出版社，2002．
[4]Schwartz B S,Harris J B,Khan A I,Larocque R C,Sack D A, Malek M A,et al.Diarrheal epidemics in Dhaka,Bangladesh, during three consecutive floods:1988,1998,and 2004[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2006,74:1067-1073.
[5]Basnyat B.Typhoid and paratyphoid fever[J].Lancet,2005, 366:1603.
[6]Vanden-Broeck D,Horvath C,De Wolf M J.Vibrio cholerae: cholera toxin[J].Int J Biochem Cell Biol,2007,39:1771～1775.
[7]Sirajul-Islam M,Brooks A,Kabir M S,Jahid I K,Shafiqul-Islam M,Goswami D,et al.Faecal contamination of drinking water sources of Dhaka city during the 2004 flood in Bangladesh and use of disinfectants for water treatment[J].J Appl Microbiol, 2007,103:80-87.
[8]Richards G P,Watson M A.A simple fluorogenic method to de- tect Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas hydrophila in well water for areas impacted by catastrophic disasters[J].Am J Trop Med Hyg,2006,75:516-521.
[9]Frydenberg A,Starr M.Hand,foot and mouth disease[J].Aust Fam Physician,2003,32:594-595.
[10]王成惠．秦少青．我国常见的虫媒传染病[J]．畜牧兽医科技信息．2007．9：8．
[11]Diagana M,Preux P M,Dumas M.Japanese encephalitis revisi- ted[J].J Neurol Sci,2007.262(1-2);165-170.
[12]Ligon B L.Plague:a review of its history and potential as a bio- logical weapon[J].Semin Pediatr Infect Dis,2006,17:161-170.
[13]马汉维．现阶段鼠疫防控的重点地区及应采用的主要措施[J]．中国地方病防治杂志，2008．23：68-70．
[14]颜迎春．李悦，吕东霞．肾综合征出血热流行病学研究与防治现状[J]．中国热带医学，2008，8：465-467．
[15]Palaniappan R U,Ramanujam S,Chang Y F.Leptospirosis: pathogenesis,immunity,and diagnosis[J].Curt Opin Infect Dis,2007,20:284-292.
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