基于高精度微震监测的特厚煤层综放面支架围岩关系
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摘要
基于高精度微地震监测技术,结合岩石力学理论、矿山压力理论和现场宏观现象,对特厚煤层综放工作面的岩层运动与支架载荷关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,正常情况下,特厚煤层综放工作面的基本载荷来源于厚度大于10 m的顶煤、厚度约30 m的下位直接顶和部分厚度为20 m左右的上位直接顶;冲击载荷来源于老顶的断裂冲击,老顶在工作面前方断裂并强迫其下位岩层断裂,从而在支架上形成冲击载荷,这也是特厚煤层综放工作面设计支架支撑能力13000 kN/架但被压死的主要原因。指出了特厚煤层综放工作面支架选型的方向是:支架的基本支撑能力能够承担顶煤和部分直接顶的作用力,通过缩小支架控顶距、加大支架可缩量等措施,可减小冲击对支架的影响。
Based on the high-precision micro-seismic monitoring technology,the theories of rock mechanics pressure and the field macro scenes,and the relations between stratum movement and support on the extra-thick fully mechanized top-coal caving face are studied.The results show that the basic load of the support includes such forces as the top coal more than 10 meters thick,the lower immediate roof about 30 meters thick and the upper immediate roof about 20 meters thick under normal circumstances.The main roof in front of the work face is forced to break the lower strata after its fracture and causes impact load on the support.It is the main reason that the design support capacity of 13000 kN / frame is crushed.Accordingly,the selection of the support of the fully mechanized top-coal caving face should consider the basic ability of the support,which can bear the forces from the top coal and the direct uplift.Some measures such as decrease of distance of support roof and increase of support extension should be taken so as to reduce the impact on the support.
Based on the high-precision micro-seismic monitoring technology,the theories of rock mechanics pressure and the field macro scenes,and the relations between stratum movement and support on the extra-thick fully mechanized top-coal caving face are studied.The results show that the basic load of the support includes such forces as the top coal more than 10 meters thick,the lower immediate roof about 30 meters thick and the upper immediate roof about 20 meters thick under normal circumstances.The main roof in front of the work face is forced to break the lower strata after its fracture and causes impact load on the support.It is the main reason that the design support capacity of 13000 kN / frame is crushed.Accordingly,the selection of the support of the fully mechanized top-coal caving face should consider the basic ability of the support,which can bear the forces from the top coal and the direct uplift.Some measures such as decrease of distance of support roof and increase of support extension should be taken so as to reduce the impact on the support.
引文
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[4]吴健,张勇.综放采场支架——围岩关系的新概念[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(4):350–355.(WU Jian,ZHANG Yong.The new concept of relationship between support and surrounding rockin longwall top coal caving faces[J].Journal of Chinese Coal Society,1993,12(4):366–379.(in Chinese))
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[6]姜福兴.放顶煤采场的顶板结构及其支架围岩关系探讨[J].世界煤炭技术,1994,12:32–34.(JIANG Fu-xing.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of World Coal Technology,1994,12:32–34.(in Chinese))
[7]杨淑华,姜福兴.综采放顶煤支架受力与顶板结构的关系探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(3):287–290.(YANG Shu-hua,.JIANG Fu-xing,Research on the relationship between sublevel caving support load and roof structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,18(3):287–290.(in Chinese))
[8]史红,姜福兴.综放采场初压阶段顶板稳定性与顶煤放出率关系探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(4):414–417.(SHI Hong,JIANG Fu-xing.Study on relationship between roof stability and recovery ratio of top coal at first weight period in fully-mechanized sublevel caving face[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(4):414–417.(in Chinese))
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[10]缪协兴,钱鸣高.综放采场围岩——支架整体力学模型及分析[J].煤,1998,7(6):1–13.(MIAO Xie-xing,QIAN Ming-gao.The interger mechanical model of support and strata in fully-mechanized sublevel caving face[J].China Journal of Coal,1998,7(6):1–13.(in Chinese))
[11]毛德兵,康立军.综放开采支架阻力不唯一性原因分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(11):29–31.(MAO De-bing,KANG Li-jun.Reasons analysis of different working resistances of top coal caving power supports in the same seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2003,31(11):29–31.(in Chinese))
[12]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.岩土介质中冲击震动波传播规律的微震试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1365–1371.(GAO Ming-shi,DOU Lin-ming,ZHANG Nong,et al.Experiment study on earthquake tremor for transmitting law of rockburst in geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1365–1371.(in Chinese))
[13]潘一山,赵扬锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1002–1011.(PAN Yi-shen,ZHAO Yang-feng,GUAN Fu-hai,et al.Study on rockburst monitoring and orientation system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1002–1011.(in Chinese))
[14]唐礼忠,杨承祥,潘长良.大规模深井开采微震监测系统站网布置优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2036–2042.(TANG Li-zhong,YANG Cheng-xiang,PAN Chang-liang.Optimization of microseismic monitoring network for large-scale deep well mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2036–2042.in Chinese))
[15]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048–2053.(LI Shu-lin,YIN Xian-gang,ZHENG Wen-da,et al.Research on multi-channel microseismic monitoring system and its application to Fankou lead-zinc mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2048–2053.(in Chinese))
[16]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268–277.(YANG Tian-hong,TANG Chun-an,TAN Zhi-hong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rock mass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecast of ground water inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268–277.(in Chinese))
[17]CALVEZ Le,TANNER J H.Using induced microseismicity to monitor hydraulic fracture treatment:A tool to improve completion techniques and reservoir management[C]//SPE Eastern Regional Meeting 2006:Revitalizing Appalachia,2006:234–242.
[18]KAISER P,FORTIER.Contribution to the valuation micro-seismic monitoring data recorded from treatment well results based on 20 hydro-fracturing jobs recorded from treatment well[C]//11th ADIPEC:Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference-Conference Proceedings,2004:343–349.
[19]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1511–1516.(JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua,CHENG Yun-hai,et al.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1511–1516.(in Chinese))
[20]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23–25.(JIANG Fu-xing,XUN Luo,YANG Shu-hua.Microseismic monitoring study on spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23–25.(in Chinese))
[21]LUO X,HATHERLY P.Understanding of high gas emissions at Appin Colliery through microseismic monitoring[C]//Proc Int Mining Tech'98 Symp Chingqing China,1998:74–79.
[2]王家臣.关于综放开采技术安全问题的几点认识[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2005,5(1):21–25.(WANG Jia-chen.Some opinions on the safety production of the longwall top-coal caving[J].China Occupational Safety and Health Management System Certification,2005,5(1):21–25.(in Chinese))
[3]姜福兴,宋振祺,宋扬.老顶的基本结构形式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(4):366–379.(JIANG Fu-xing,SONG Zhen-qi,SONG Yang.Basic structure forms of main roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(4):366–379.(in Chinese))
[4]吴健,张勇.综放采场支架——围岩关系的新概念[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(4):350–355.(WU Jian,ZHANG Yong.The new concept of relationship between support and surrounding rockin longwall top coal caving faces[J].Journal of Chinese Coal Society,1993,12(4):366–379.(in Chinese))
[5]曹胜根,钱鸣高,刘长友,等.采场支架——围岩关系新研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(6):575–579.(CAO Sheng-gen,QIAN Ming-gao,LIU Chang-you,et al.New research about support and surrounding rock relationship in working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1998,23(6):575–579.(in Chinese))
[6]姜福兴.放顶煤采场的顶板结构及其支架围岩关系探讨[J].世界煤炭技术,1994,12:32–34.(JIANG Fu-xing.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of World Coal Technology,1994,12:32–34.(in Chinese))
[7]杨淑华,姜福兴.综采放顶煤支架受力与顶板结构的关系探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(3):287–290.(YANG Shu-hua,.JIANG Fu-xing,Research on the relationship between sublevel caving support load and roof structure[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,18(3):287–290.(in Chinese))
[8]史红,姜福兴.综放采场初压阶段顶板稳定性与顶煤放出率关系探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(4):414–417.(SHI Hong,JIANG Fu-xing.Study on relationship between roof stability and recovery ratio of top coal at first weight period in fully-mechanized sublevel caving face[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(4):414–417.(in Chinese))
[9]史红,姜福兴,汪华君.综放采场周期来压阶段顶板稳定性与顶煤放出率关系探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(23):4233–4238.(SHI Hong,JIANG Fu-xing.Study on relationship between roof stability ratio during cyclic weighting in fully-mechanized sublevel caving face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(23):4233–4238.(in Chinese))
[10]缪协兴,钱鸣高.综放采场围岩——支架整体力学模型及分析[J].煤,1998,7(6):1–13.(MIAO Xie-xing,QIAN Ming-gao.The interger mechanical model of support and strata in fully-mechanized sublevel caving face[J].China Journal of Coal,1998,7(6):1–13.(in Chinese))
[11]毛德兵,康立军.综放开采支架阻力不唯一性原因分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(11):29–31.(MAO De-bing,KANG Li-jun.Reasons analysis of different working resistances of top coal caving power supports in the same seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2003,31(11):29–31.(in Chinese))
[12]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.岩土介质中冲击震动波传播规律的微震试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1365–1371.(GAO Ming-shi,DOU Lin-ming,ZHANG Nong,et al.Experiment study on earthquake tremor for transmitting law of rockburst in geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1365–1371.(in Chinese))
[13]潘一山,赵扬锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1002–1011.(PAN Yi-shen,ZHAO Yang-feng,GUAN Fu-hai,et al.Study on rockburst monitoring and orientation system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1002–1011.(in Chinese))
[14]唐礼忠,杨承祥,潘长良.大规模深井开采微震监测系统站网布置优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2036–2042.(TANG Li-zhong,YANG Cheng-xiang,PAN Chang-liang.Optimization of microseismic monitoring network for large-scale deep well mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2036–2042.in Chinese))
[15]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048–2053.(LI Shu-lin,YIN Xian-gang,ZHENG Wen-da,et al.Research on multi-channel microseismic monitoring system and its application to Fankou lead-zinc mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2048–2053.(in Chinese))
[16]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268–277.(YANG Tian-hong,TANG Chun-an,TAN Zhi-hong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rock mass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecast of ground water inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268–277.(in Chinese))
[17]CALVEZ Le,TANNER J H.Using induced microseismicity to monitor hydraulic fracture treatment:A tool to improve completion techniques and reservoir management[C]//SPE Eastern Regional Meeting 2006:Revitalizing Appalachia,2006:234–242.
[18]KAISER P,FORTIER.Contribution to the valuation micro-seismic monitoring data recorded from treatment well results based on 20 hydro-fracturing jobs recorded from treatment well[C]//11th ADIPEC:Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference-Conference Proceedings,2004:343–349.
[19]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1511–1516.(JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua,CHENG Yun-hai,et al.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1511–1516.(in Chinese))
[20]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23–25.(JIANG Fu-xing,XUN Luo,YANG Shu-hua.Microseismic monitoring study on spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23–25.(in Chinese))
[21]LUO X,HATHERLY P.Understanding of high gas emissions at Appin Colliery through microseismic monitoring[C]//Proc Int Mining Tech'98 Symp Chingqing China,1998:74–79.
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