基于叠前地震纵横波模量直接反演的流体检测方法
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摘要
流体因子是储层流体识别的重要方法,而叠前地震反演是获得流体因子的有效途径之一.本文从流体因子的构建出发,基于多孔弹性介质岩石物理模型,建立了流体因子与纵横波模量之间的直接关系,避免了流体因子计算所需的密度参数无法准确求取的问题,通过推导基于纵横波模量的Zeoppritz近似方程及弹性阻抗方程,探讨了基于弹性阻抗的纵横波模量直接反演方法,模型与实际应用表明,基于弹性阻抗的纵横波模量直接反演方法合理、可靠,减少了常规方法间接计算纵横波模量带来的累积误差,基于纵横波模量的流体因子计算方法有较好的实际应用效果.
Fluid factor,which can be derived from pre-stack seismic inversion efficiently,is an important method for fluid indication.Firstly,we start from the reconstruction of fluid factor and gain the direct relationship between fluid factor and compressional modulus,shear modulus based on rock physics model for multi-porosity media;in this way we can gain fluid factor directly without knowing the density information which could not be inverted correctly.Then,through derivation of a new elastic impedance equation from Zeoppritz approximation,we study the compressional modulus and shear modulus direct inversion method based on new elastic impedance equation.Finally,the model and practical test shows that this method is more stable and reasonable,which leads to less error brought by accumulating calculation with common elastic impedance inversion method,and the method to gain fluid factor is efficient.
Fluid factor,which can be derived from pre-stack seismic inversion efficiently,is an important method for fluid indication.Firstly,we start from the reconstruction of fluid factor and gain the direct relationship between fluid factor and compressional modulus,shear modulus based on rock physics model for multi-porosity media;in this way we can gain fluid factor directly without knowing the density information which could not be inverted correctly.Then,through derivation of a new elastic impedance equation from Zeoppritz approximation,we study the compressional modulus and shear modulus direct inversion method based on new elastic impedance equation.Finally,the model and practical test shows that this method is more stable and reasonable,which leads to less error brought by accumulating calculation with common elastic impedance inversion method,and the method to gain fluid factor is efficient.
引文
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[4]Smith G C,Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking for rockproperty estimation and detection of gas.Geophys.Prosp.,1987,35(9):993-1014.
[5]Goodway B,Chen T W,Jon Downton.Improved AVO fluiddetection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysicalparameters;“λρ”,“μρ”,&“λ/μfluid stack”,from P and Sinversions.Expanded Abstracts of 67th SEG Mtg,1997:183-186.
[6]Hedlin K.Pore space modulus and extraction using AVO.Expanded Abstracts of 70th SEG Mtg,2000:170-173.
[7]Hilterman F J.Seismic Amplitude Interpretation.Short Soc.Expl.Geophys,Distinguished Instructor Series 4,2001.
[8]Biot M A.General theory of three-dimensional consolidation.J.Appl.Physics,1941,12(2):155-164.
[9]Gassmann F.Uber die Elastizitat poroser Medien.Vier.Natur Gesellschaft,1951,96:1-23.
[10]Garat J,Krief M,Stellingwerff J,et al.A petrophysicalinterpretation using the velocities of P and S waves.The LogAnalyst,1990,31(6):355-369.
[11]Russell B H,Hedlin K,Hilterman F J,Lines L R.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmann perspective.Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[12]Downton J E.Seismic parameter estimation from AVOinversion[Ph.D.thesis].Calgary:University of Calgary,2005.
[13]Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.Detection of gas insandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic casehistory using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,1994,59(9):1362-1376.
[14]Simmons J L Jr,Backus M M.Waveform-based AVOinversion and AVO prediction-error.Geophysics,1996,61(6):1575-1588.
[15]Buland A,Omre H.Bayesian linearized AVO inversion.Geophysics,2003,68(1):185-198.
[16]Connolly P.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[17]Cambois G.AVO inversion and elastic impedance.ExpandedAbstracts of 70th SEG Mtg,2000:1953-1956.
[18]印兴耀,袁世洪,张繁昌.从弹性波阻抗中提取岩石物性参数//中国石油学会物探专业委员会及美国地球物理学家学会.CPS/SEG2004国际地球物理会议论文集.北京:CPS/SEG2004国际地球物理会议,2004:538-542.Yin X Y,Yuan S H,Zhang F C.Rock elastic parameterscalculated from elastic impedance(in Chinese).ExpandedAbstracts CPS/SEG Mtg,2004:538-542.
[19]Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C.Laméparameters inversionbased on elastic impedance and its application.AppliedGeophysics,2006,3(3):174-178.
[20]Murphy W,Reischer A,Hsu K.Modulus decomposition ofcompressional and shear velocities in sand bodies.Geophysics,1993,58(2):227-239.
[21]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory andMethods.San Francisco:W H Freeman and Co Cambridge,1980:144-154.
[22]Whitcombe D N.Elastic impedance normalization.Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[23]Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gassands at nonnormal angles of incidence.Geophysics,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
[2]Smith G C.A comparison of the fluid factor withλandμinAVO analysis.Expanded Abstracts of 70th SEG Mtg,2000:1940-1945.
[3]Quakenbush M,Shang B,Tuttle C.Poisson impedance.TheLeading Edge,2006,25(2):128-138.
[4]Smith G C,Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking for rockproperty estimation and detection of gas.Geophys.Prosp.,1987,35(9):993-1014.
[5]Goodway B,Chen T W,Jon Downton.Improved AVO fluiddetection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysicalparameters;“λρ”,“μρ”,&“λ/μfluid stack”,from P and Sinversions.Expanded Abstracts of 67th SEG Mtg,1997:183-186.
[6]Hedlin K.Pore space modulus and extraction using AVO.Expanded Abstracts of 70th SEG Mtg,2000:170-173.
[7]Hilterman F J.Seismic Amplitude Interpretation.Short Soc.Expl.Geophys,Distinguished Instructor Series 4,2001.
[8]Biot M A.General theory of three-dimensional consolidation.J.Appl.Physics,1941,12(2):155-164.
[9]Gassmann F.Uber die Elastizitat poroser Medien.Vier.Natur Gesellschaft,1951,96:1-23.
[10]Garat J,Krief M,Stellingwerff J,et al.A petrophysicalinterpretation using the velocities of P and S waves.The LogAnalyst,1990,31(6):355-369.
[11]Russell B H,Hedlin K,Hilterman F J,Lines L R.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmann perspective.Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[12]Downton J E.Seismic parameter estimation from AVOinversion[Ph.D.thesis].Calgary:University of Calgary,2005.
[13]Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.Detection of gas insandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic casehistory using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,1994,59(9):1362-1376.
[14]Simmons J L Jr,Backus M M.Waveform-based AVOinversion and AVO prediction-error.Geophysics,1996,61(6):1575-1588.
[15]Buland A,Omre H.Bayesian linearized AVO inversion.Geophysics,2003,68(1):185-198.
[16]Connolly P.Elastic impedance.The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[17]Cambois G.AVO inversion and elastic impedance.ExpandedAbstracts of 70th SEG Mtg,2000:1953-1956.
[18]印兴耀,袁世洪,张繁昌.从弹性波阻抗中提取岩石物性参数//中国石油学会物探专业委员会及美国地球物理学家学会.CPS/SEG2004国际地球物理会议论文集.北京:CPS/SEG2004国际地球物理会议,2004:538-542.Yin X Y,Yuan S H,Zhang F C.Rock elastic parameterscalculated from elastic impedance(in Chinese).ExpandedAbstracts CPS/SEG Mtg,2004:538-542.
[19]Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C.Laméparameters inversionbased on elastic impedance and its application.AppliedGeophysics,2006,3(3):174-178.
[20]Murphy W,Reischer A,Hsu K.Modulus decomposition ofcompressional and shear velocities in sand bodies.Geophysics,1993,58(2):227-239.
[21]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology:Theory andMethods.San Francisco:W H Freeman and Co Cambridge,1980:144-154.
[22]Whitcombe D N.Elastic impedance normalization.Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[23]Ostrander W J.Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gassands at nonnormal angles of incidence.Geophysics,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
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