地震分频AVO方法研究现状与展望
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摘要
传统的AVO理论只考虑单界面两边的岩石物理特性,没有考虑地层厚度、其他波场以及油气藏中地震波的能量衰减和速度散射,在实际应用中还存在很多未解决的问题。实际地震波信息常常是地下多个砂泥岩薄互层的综合响应,每个薄层产生的地震反射信号经傅里叶变换后,在频率域都有一个与之相对应的特定频率成分,且这种频率成分在频率域是唯一的。将分频技术与AVO研究密切结合是有效解决薄互层气藏地震AVO识别的有效途径之一。简要介绍了AVO技术及传统AVO技术存在的问题,讨论了地震AVO与地震频率的关系,指出进行分频AVO分析的依据,并进一步讨论了时频分析方法。
Traditional AVO theory only focuses on the petrophysical characteristics of two sides of an interface in spite of the layer thickness and other wave fields as well as attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves in reservoir so that there are many problems in the actual application of the technique. Seismic waves are the comprehensive responses of several thin sand/shale interbeds. After Fourier transformation,the reflective wave from each thin bed will respond to a specific frequency component,which is unique in frequency domain. By combining the spectral decomposition and AVO technique,this study on the frequency dependent AVO will be one of the effective tools in solving the seismic AVO identification issue in a thin interbed gas reservoir. A brief introduction of AVO technology is given while the problems in traditional AVO analysis are illuminated. The relationship between seismic AVO and frequency is discussed and the reason of frequency dependent AVO analysis is indicated. The time-frequency analysis method is also discussed.
Traditional AVO theory only focuses on the petrophysical characteristics of two sides of an interface in spite of the layer thickness and other wave fields as well as attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves in reservoir so that there are many problems in the actual application of the technique. Seismic waves are the comprehensive responses of several thin sand/shale interbeds. After Fourier transformation,the reflective wave from each thin bed will respond to a specific frequency component,which is unique in frequency domain. By combining the spectral decomposition and AVO technique,this study on the frequency dependent AVO will be one of the effective tools in solving the seismic AVO identification issue in a thin interbed gas reservoir. A brief introduction of AVO technology is given while the problems in traditional AVO analysis are illuminated. The relationship between seismic AVO and frequency is discussed and the reason of frequency dependent AVO analysis is indicated. The time-frequency analysis method is also discussed.
引文
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[4]赵伟,陈小宏,李景叶.薄互层调谐效应对AVO的影响[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):570-573.
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[6]Chapman M,Liu Enru,Li Xiangyang.The influence of abnormally high reservoir attenuation on the AVO signature[J].The Leading Edge,2005,24(11):1120-1125.
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[8]Liu Enru,Chapman M,Loizou Nick,et al.Applications ofspectral decomposition for AVO analyses in the west of Shetland[C].Expanded Abstracts of76th Annual Interna-tional SEG Meeting,2006,279-283.
[9]张延章,尹寿鹏,张巧玲,等.地震分频技术的地质内涵及其效果分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):64-71.
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[12]黄中玉,王于静,孙显义,等.分频技术在气层识别中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):73-79.
[13]邓继新,Han Dehua,王尚旭.基于正演模型的储层谱分解响应特征分析[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):539-543.
[14]Yu Gary.Offset-amplitude variation and controlled-amplitude processing[J].Geophysics,1985,50(12):2697-2708.
[15]Alessandro C,White R,Thomas R.Thin-bed AVO:Com-pensating for the effects of NMO on reflectivity sequences[J].Geophysics,2001,66(6):1714-1720.
[16]Yoo S,Gibson R L.Frequency dependent AVO analysis af-ter target oriented stretch correction[C].Expanded Abstracts of75th Annual International SEG Meeting,2005:293-296.
[17]Ebrom D.The low-frequency gas shadow on seismic sections[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(8):772
[18]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Location of the complex spectrum:The S transform[J].IEE Transaction on Signal Pro-cessing,1996,17(6):998-1001.
[19]Mansinha L,Stockwell R G,Lowe R P.Pattern analysis with two-dimensional spectral localization:Applications of two dimensional S transforms[J].Physics A,1997,239:286-295.
[20]Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S-transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):381-385.
[21]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.
[2]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在岩.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.
[3]Hilterman F J.地震振幅解释[M].孙夕平,赵良武,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[4]赵伟,陈小宏,李景叶.薄互层调谐效应对AVO的影响[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):570-573.
[5]Marmalyevskyy N,Roganov Y.Frequency depending AVO for a gas-saturated periodical thin-layered stack[C].Ex-panded Abstracts of76th Annual International SEG Meet-ing,2006:274-278.
[6]Chapman M,Liu Enru,Li Xiangyang.The influence of abnormally high reservoir attenuation on the AVO signature[J].The Leading Edge,2005,24(11):1120-1125.
[7]Odebeatu E,Zhang Jinghua,Chapman M,et al.Application of spectral decomposition to detection of dispersion anomalies associated with gas saturation[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):206-210.
[8]Liu Enru,Chapman M,Loizou Nick,et al.Applications ofspectral decomposition for AVO analyses in the west of Shetland[C].Expanded Abstracts of76th Annual Interna-tional SEG Meeting,2006,279-283.
[9]张延章,尹寿鹏,张巧玲,等.地震分频技术的地质内涵及其效果分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):64-71.
[10]Klimentos T.Attenuation of P-and S-waves as a method of distinguishing gas and condensate from oil and water[J].Geo-physics,1995,60(2):447-458.
[11]Castagna J P,Sun S,Siegfried R W.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hy-drocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120-127.
[12]黄中玉,王于静,孙显义,等.分频技术在气层识别中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(1):73-79.
[13]邓继新,Han Dehua,王尚旭.基于正演模型的储层谱分解响应特征分析[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):539-543.
[14]Yu Gary.Offset-amplitude variation and controlled-amplitude processing[J].Geophysics,1985,50(12):2697-2708.
[15]Alessandro C,White R,Thomas R.Thin-bed AVO:Com-pensating for the effects of NMO on reflectivity sequences[J].Geophysics,2001,66(6):1714-1720.
[16]Yoo S,Gibson R L.Frequency dependent AVO analysis af-ter target oriented stretch correction[C].Expanded Abstracts of75th Annual International SEG Meeting,2005:293-296.
[17]Ebrom D.The low-frequency gas shadow on seismic sections[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(8):772
[18]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Location of the complex spectrum:The S transform[J].IEE Transaction on Signal Pro-cessing,1996,17(6):998-1001.
[19]Mansinha L,Stockwell R G,Lowe R P.Pattern analysis with two-dimensional spectral localization:Applications of two dimensional S transforms[J].Physics A,1997,239:286-295.
[20]Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S-transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):381-385.
[21]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.
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