“化危机为转机”:灾害救助中社工组织的角色实践及行为策略
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摘要
以往大部分文献从经济、政治和管理学等角度对"全能政府"与灾害危机之间的关系进行了探讨,过于重视政府角色的扩张,却忽略了非营利部门在灾害救助中的作用。本着社工非营利组织能发挥积极的"补充性(suplementary)"而非"替代性"作用的观点,本文围绕一个核心问题展开,即"社工非营利组织如何根据地震灾害的实际情况制定不同的行为策略,发展出一套组织生存法则"。虽然一些学者对社工组织在灾害救助过程中能否扮演重要角色或功能仍有质疑,但本文认为,社工组织通过"自省"(self-reflection)和"自我观照"(inner-understanding),制定正确的行为策略,就能将灾害危机化为组织发展契机。
Many previous documents discussed the relationship between government and the crisises of disasters from the perspective of economy,politics and administration,laying greater emphasis on the expansion of government and less emphasis on the role played by nonprofit organizations in disaster relief work.Based on the idea of supplementary role rather than substitute role played by nonprofit organizations,the article discusses a key problem,namely how the nonprofit organizations make different behavior strategies and develop a set of survival rules according to different situations in disasters.Although many scholars doubt that whether nonprofit organizations can play important roles or not in disaster relief work,the article maintains that these organizations can make proper strategies to turn disaster crisises into chances for its own development through the way of self-reflection and inner-understanding.
Many previous documents discussed the relationship between government and the crisises of disasters from the perspective of economy,politics and administration,laying greater emphasis on the expansion of government and less emphasis on the role played by nonprofit organizations in disaster relief work.Based on the idea of supplementary role rather than substitute role played by nonprofit organizations,the article discusses a key problem,namely how the nonprofit organizations make different behavior strategies and develop a set of survival rules according to different situations in disasters.Although many scholars doubt that whether nonprofit organizations can play important roles or not in disaster relief work,the article maintains that these organizations can make proper strategies to turn disaster crisises into chances for its own development through the way of self-reflection and inner-understanding.
引文
[1]Coulter,M.L.,&Noss,C.I.Prevention social work in perceived environmental Disasters[J].Health and Social Work,13(4),1988:296-300
[2]Dodds,S.,&Nuehring,E.A primer for social work research on disaster[J].Journal of Social Service Research,22(1),27-56,1996.27-56
[3]Zakour,M.J.Disaster research in social work[J].Journal of Social Service Research,22(1),7-25,1996:7-25
[4]詹天庠,灾害研究的新境域——简评<灾害社会学研究>[J],南方经济,2001(8)
[5]赵延东,社会资本与灾后恢复——一项自然灾害的社会学研究[J],社会学研究,2007(5)
[6]郭强,对灾害的反应——社会学的考察(之一)[J].社会,2001(11);对灾害的反应——社会学的考察(之二)[J],社会,2001(12)
[7]周利敏,灾害社会工作中“公私协力机制”的建构及途径[J],防灾科技学院学报,2008(2)
[8]Klandermans,B.New social movements and resource mobilization:The European and the American approach[J],International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 4,1986:13-37
[9]Lee,Judith A.The Empowerment Approach to Social Work Practice[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1994
[10]Kramer,Ralph M.Nonprofit Social Service Agencies and the Welfare State:Some Research Considerations[C].in Helmut K.Anheier and Wolfgang Seibel(eds.).The Third Sector:Comparative Studies of Nonprofit Organizations.New York:Walter de Gruyter,1990
[11]Weisbrod,Burton A.The Nonprofit Economy.Cambridge[M],MA.:Harvard University Press,1989
[12]李若嘉.从全球治理的途径观察两岸合作处理天然灾害可行性之研究:以SARS为例[D],中国文化大学中国大陆研究所硕士学位论文,2006:89
[13]翁文蒂.非营利组织推动九二一重建小区总体营造之研究[D],东海大学社会工作学系硕士学位文,2002:3
[14]黄宾中.灾变事件福利体系资源管理——危机处理中的公私协力关系[D],东海大学社会工作学系硕士学位论文,2006
[15]陈秀静.九二一震灾灾后生活重建工作之研究[D],东海大学社会工作系硕士学位论文,2001
[16]陈玉泽.化危机为转机:社会福利机构因应灾变的组织发展策略[D],国立台湾大学社会工作学系硕士学位论文,2003
[17]Kent R.C.Anatomy of Disaster Relief,New York:Prnter Publishers,1987
[18]Singh,J.V.David Tucker,&Robert J.House.Organizational Legitimacy and the Liability of Newness[J],Administrative Science Quarterly 31,1986:171-193
[19]Salamon,Lester M.Partners in Public Service:The Scope and theory of Government-Nonprofit Relations[C],in Powell,Walter W.(ed.),The Nonprofit Sector:A Research Handbook,99-117,New Haven:Yale University Press,1987
[2]Dodds,S.,&Nuehring,E.A primer for social work research on disaster[J].Journal of Social Service Research,22(1),27-56,1996.27-56
[3]Zakour,M.J.Disaster research in social work[J].Journal of Social Service Research,22(1),7-25,1996:7-25
[4]詹天庠,灾害研究的新境域——简评<灾害社会学研究>[J],南方经济,2001(8)
[5]赵延东,社会资本与灾后恢复——一项自然灾害的社会学研究[J],社会学研究,2007(5)
[6]郭强,对灾害的反应——社会学的考察(之一)[J].社会,2001(11);对灾害的反应——社会学的考察(之二)[J],社会,2001(12)
[7]周利敏,灾害社会工作中“公私协力机制”的建构及途径[J],防灾科技学院学报,2008(2)
[8]Klandermans,B.New social movements and resource mobilization:The European and the American approach[J],International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 4,1986:13-37
[9]Lee,Judith A.The Empowerment Approach to Social Work Practice[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1994
[10]Kramer,Ralph M.Nonprofit Social Service Agencies and the Welfare State:Some Research Considerations[C].in Helmut K.Anheier and Wolfgang Seibel(eds.).The Third Sector:Comparative Studies of Nonprofit Organizations.New York:Walter de Gruyter,1990
[11]Weisbrod,Burton A.The Nonprofit Economy.Cambridge[M],MA.:Harvard University Press,1989
[12]李若嘉.从全球治理的途径观察两岸合作处理天然灾害可行性之研究:以SARS为例[D],中国文化大学中国大陆研究所硕士学位论文,2006:89
[13]翁文蒂.非营利组织推动九二一重建小区总体营造之研究[D],东海大学社会工作学系硕士学位文,2002:3
[14]黄宾中.灾变事件福利体系资源管理——危机处理中的公私协力关系[D],东海大学社会工作学系硕士学位论文,2006
[15]陈秀静.九二一震灾灾后生活重建工作之研究[D],东海大学社会工作系硕士学位论文,2001
[16]陈玉泽.化危机为转机:社会福利机构因应灾变的组织发展策略[D],国立台湾大学社会工作学系硕士学位论文,2003
[17]Kent R.C.Anatomy of Disaster Relief,New York:Prnter Publishers,1987
[18]Singh,J.V.David Tucker,&Robert J.House.Organizational Legitimacy and the Liability of Newness[J],Administrative Science Quarterly 31,1986:171-193
[19]Salamon,Lester M.Partners in Public Service:The Scope and theory of Government-Nonprofit Relations[C],in Powell,Walter W.(ed.),The Nonprofit Sector:A Research Handbook,99-117,New Haven:Yale University Press,1987
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