核爆炸与地震识别研究进展
|
摘要
综述了近年来核爆炸与天然地震识别研究的进展,揭示了从频谱比、震级比到综合因素的概率方法的发展过程,特别指出小当量核爆炸识别的重要性。文章借助量子场论和相变理论分析讨论了地震波波长与动量的关系。同时,根据地壳介质的复杂性,指出地震波传播过程中由于介质的非线性与弥散的联合作用,导致产生孤波的可能性。
Recent advances in discrimination of nuclear explosions and earthquake are reviewed in this paper. The developing process from frequency spectrum ratios, magnitude ratios to synthetic probability method has been discussed. In particular, It is emphasized the importance of discrimination in nuclear explosion with small yield. By use of the quantum field theory and the phase transition theory in physics, the relation between the seismic wavelength and the wave momentum is analysed. At the same time, the possibility for generating soliton due to the actions of nonlinear and dispersion in crust during the seismic wave propagation is also discussed.
Recent advances in discrimination of nuclear explosions and earthquake are reviewed in this paper. The developing process from frequency spectrum ratios, magnitude ratios to synthetic probability method has been discussed. In particular, It is emphasized the importance of discrimination in nuclear explosion with small yield. By use of the quantum field theory and the phase transition theory in physics, the relation between the seismic wavelength and the wave momentum is analysed. At the same time, the possibility for generating soliton due to the actions of nonlinear and dispersion in crust during the seismic wave propagation is also discussed.
引文
[1]监视地下核爆炸的地震方法.付承义译.中国科学技术情报研究所.1972
[2]巴特M.地球物理学中的谱分析.郑治真等译.北京:地震出版社,1978
[3]吴忠良,陈运泰,牟其铎.核爆炸地震学概要.北京:地震出版社,1994
[4]吴忠良,牟其铎.90年代以来核爆炸地震学研究进展.世界地震译丛,1994(4):1-7
[5]Sharpe J A.The production of elastic waves by explosive pressures1:Theory and empirical field observations.Geophysics,1942,7:144-154
[6]巴特M.地震学的数学问题.北京:科学出版社,1976
[7]Brune J N.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquake.J.Geophys Res.,1970,75:4997-5009
[8]Randall M J.The spectra theory of seismic sources.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1973,63:1133-1144
[9]Ben-Menahem A.Radiation of seismic surface waves from a finite moving source.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1961,51:401-435
[10]Ben-Menahem A and S J singh.Seismic waves and sources.Springer-Verlag,1981
[11]何永锋,陈晓非.利用经验格林函数识别地下核爆炸与天然地震.中国科学(D辑),2006,36(2):177-181
[12]Anderson D N,Fagan D K,Tinker MA,et al.A mathematical statistics formulation of the teleseismic explo-sion identification problem with multiple discriminants.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2007,97:1730-1741
[13]Molnar P,Savino J,Sykes L R,et al.Small earthquakes and explosions in western North America recorded by new high gain long period seismographs.Nature,1969,224:1268-1273
[14]Wyss M,Hanks TC and R C Liebermann.Comparison of P-wave spectra of underground explosions and earth-quakes.J.Geophys Res.,1971,76:2716-2729
[15]Davies J B and S W Smith.Source parameters of earthquakes and discrimination between earthquakes and nu-clear explosions.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1968,58:1503-1517
[16]Bakun W H and L R Johnson.Short-period spectral discriminants for explosions.Geophys J.R.Astron.Soc.,1971,22:139-152
[17]Keilis-Borok V I.Differences in the spectra of surface waves from earthquakes and from explosions.Tr.Inst.Fiz.Zemli.,1961,15(182):88-101
[18]Press F,Dewart G and R Gilman.A study of diagnostic techniques for identifying earthquakes.J.Geophys Res.,1963,68:2909-2928
[19]Molnar P.P-wave spectra from underground nuclear explosions.Geophys J.R.Astron.Soc.,1971,23:273-286
[20]Savino J,Sykes L R,Liebermann R C,et al.Excitation of seismic surface waves with periods of15to70sec-onds for earthquakes and underground explosions.J.Geophys Res.,1971,76:8003-8020
[21]Tsai Y B and K Aki.Precise focal depth determination from amplitude spectra of surface waves.J.Geophys Res.,1970,75:5729-5743
[22]McEvilly TV and W A Peppin.Source characteristics of earthquakes,explosions and afterevents.Geophys J.R.Astron.Soc.,1972,31:67-82
[23]Lambert D G,Flinn E A and C B Archambeau.A comparative study of the elastic wave radiation from earth-quakes and underground explosions.Geophys J.R.Astron.Soc.,1972,29:403-432
[24]Patton H J and S R Taylor.Analysis of Lgspectral ratios from STS explosions:Implications for the source mechanisms of spall and the generation of LgWaves.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1995,85:220-236
[25]Walter W R,Mayeda K M and H J Patton.Phase and spectral ratio discrimination between NTS earthquakes and explosions.PartⅠ:Empirical observations.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1995,85:1050-1067
[26]Kitov I O,Murohy J R,Pkusnetsov O,et al.An analysis of seismic and acoustic signals measured from a se-ries of atmospheric and near surface explosions.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87:1553-1562
[27]Woods B B and D V Helmberger.Regional seismic discriminants using wave-train energy ratios.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87:589-605
[28]刘贤伦.单台识别核爆炸的方法初探.地震地磁观测与研究,1995,16(3):8-13
[29]魏富胜,黎明.震源性质的倒谱分析.地震学报,2003,25(1):47-54
[30]许健生,尹志文.地震与爆破的波谱差异.地震地磁观测与研究,1999,20(3):18-23
[31]沈萍,郑治真.瞬态谱在地震与核爆识别中的应用.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):233-240
[32]Fisk M D.Source spectral modeling of regional P/S discriminants at nuclear test sites in China and the former Soviet Union.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2006,96:2348-2367
[33]Mueller C S and J S Murphy.Seismic characteristics of underground nuclear detonations.Part1:Seismic spec-trum scaling.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1971,61:1675-1692
[34]Fisk M D.Corner frequency scaling of regional seismic phase for underground nuclear explosions at the Nevada Test Site.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2007,97:977-988
[35]Taylor S R and MD Denny.An analysis of spectral differences between Nevada test site and Shagan River nu-clear explosions.J.Geophys Res.,1991,96:6237-6245
[36]Helmberger D V,Tromp J and AJ Rodgers.Advanced waveform simulation for seismic monitoring events.29th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring technologies,2007:80-90
[37]Shearer P M and B P Allmann.Spectral studies of shallow earthquakes and explosions in southern California.29thMonitoring Research Review:Ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring technologies.2007:656-663
[38]Stevens J L and S M Day.The physical basis ofmb:MSand variable frequency magnitude methods for earth-quake/explosion discrimination.J.Geophys Res.,1985,90:3009-3020
[39]边银菊.Fisher方法在震级比mb/MS判据识别爆炸中的应用研究.地震学报,2005,27(4):414-422
[40]Taylor S R,Denny MD,Vergino E S,et al.Regional discrimination between NTS explosions and western U.S.earthquakes.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1989,79:1142-1176
[41]Taylor S R and HJ Patton.Aprobability of detection method for reducing short-periodmb-MSfalse alarm rates.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2006,96:1078-1090
[42]Hartse HE,Taylor S R,Phillips W S,et al.Regional event discrimination in central Asia with emphasis on western China.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87:551-568
[43]Patton H J and W R Walter.Regional moment:Magnitude relations for earthquake and explosion.Geophys Res.Let.,1993,20:277-280
[44]McCall K R.Theoretical study of nonlinear elastic wave propagation.J.Geophys Res.,1994,99(B2):2591-2600
[45]德布罗意L.非线性波动力学.谢毓章译.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1966
[46]于渌,郝柏林.相变和临界现象.北京:科学出版社,1984
[47]周世勋.量子力学教程.北京:高等教育出版社,1979
[48]Nettle S.Wave physics.Spring-Verlag.1992
[49]布伦K E.地震学引论.北京:科学出版社,1965
[50]Bullen K E and B Bolt.An introduction to the theory of seismology.Cambridge University Press.1985
[51]杨桂通,张善元.弹性动力学.北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[52]杨挺青,罗文波,危银涛,等.黏弹性理论与应用.北京:科学出版社,2004
[53]刘建华,胥颐,郝天珧.地震波衰减的物理机制研究.地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):1-7
[54]汪素云,裴顺平,许忠淮,等.利用ML振幅研究地壳横波Q值Ⅰ:不同构造区的衰减特征.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1740-1747
[55]刘财,冯?,何敏,等.非线性波动理论在地震勘探中的应用综述.地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):68-78
[56]牛滨华,孙春岩.地震波理论研究进展———介质模型与地震波传播.地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):255-263
[57]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898
[58]郑海山,张中杰,田小波.VTI介质中非线性对地震波频率和频宽变化的约束.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):885-894
[59]王兆国,秦树洪,颜军.固体介质中非线性波的能量初探.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):192-199
[2]巴特M.地球物理学中的谱分析.郑治真等译.北京:地震出版社,1978
[3]吴忠良,陈运泰,牟其铎.核爆炸地震学概要.北京:地震出版社,1994
[4]吴忠良,牟其铎.90年代以来核爆炸地震学研究进展.世界地震译丛,1994(4):1-7
[5]Sharpe J A.The production of elastic waves by explosive pressures1:Theory and empirical field observations.Geophysics,1942,7:144-154
[6]巴特M.地震学的数学问题.北京:科学出版社,1976
[7]Brune J N.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquake.J.Geophys Res.,1970,75:4997-5009
[8]Randall M J.The spectra theory of seismic sources.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1973,63:1133-1144
[9]Ben-Menahem A.Radiation of seismic surface waves from a finite moving source.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1961,51:401-435
[10]Ben-Menahem A and S J singh.Seismic waves and sources.Springer-Verlag,1981
[11]何永锋,陈晓非.利用经验格林函数识别地下核爆炸与天然地震.中国科学(D辑),2006,36(2):177-181
[12]Anderson D N,Fagan D K,Tinker MA,et al.A mathematical statistics formulation of the teleseismic explo-sion identification problem with multiple discriminants.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2007,97:1730-1741
[13]Molnar P,Savino J,Sykes L R,et al.Small earthquakes and explosions in western North America recorded by new high gain long period seismographs.Nature,1969,224:1268-1273
[14]Wyss M,Hanks TC and R C Liebermann.Comparison of P-wave spectra of underground explosions and earth-quakes.J.Geophys Res.,1971,76:2716-2729
[15]Davies J B and S W Smith.Source parameters of earthquakes and discrimination between earthquakes and nu-clear explosions.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1968,58:1503-1517
[16]Bakun W H and L R Johnson.Short-period spectral discriminants for explosions.Geophys J.R.Astron.Soc.,1971,22:139-152
[17]Keilis-Borok V I.Differences in the spectra of surface waves from earthquakes and from explosions.Tr.Inst.Fiz.Zemli.,1961,15(182):88-101
[18]Press F,Dewart G and R Gilman.A study of diagnostic techniques for identifying earthquakes.J.Geophys Res.,1963,68:2909-2928
[19]Molnar P.P-wave spectra from underground nuclear explosions.Geophys J.R.Astron.Soc.,1971,23:273-286
[20]Savino J,Sykes L R,Liebermann R C,et al.Excitation of seismic surface waves with periods of15to70sec-onds for earthquakes and underground explosions.J.Geophys Res.,1971,76:8003-8020
[21]Tsai Y B and K Aki.Precise focal depth determination from amplitude spectra of surface waves.J.Geophys Res.,1970,75:5729-5743
[22]McEvilly TV and W A Peppin.Source characteristics of earthquakes,explosions and afterevents.Geophys J.R.Astron.Soc.,1972,31:67-82
[23]Lambert D G,Flinn E A and C B Archambeau.A comparative study of the elastic wave radiation from earth-quakes and underground explosions.Geophys J.R.Astron.Soc.,1972,29:403-432
[24]Patton H J and S R Taylor.Analysis of Lgspectral ratios from STS explosions:Implications for the source mechanisms of spall and the generation of LgWaves.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1995,85:220-236
[25]Walter W R,Mayeda K M and H J Patton.Phase and spectral ratio discrimination between NTS earthquakes and explosions.PartⅠ:Empirical observations.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1995,85:1050-1067
[26]Kitov I O,Murohy J R,Pkusnetsov O,et al.An analysis of seismic and acoustic signals measured from a se-ries of atmospheric and near surface explosions.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87:1553-1562
[27]Woods B B and D V Helmberger.Regional seismic discriminants using wave-train energy ratios.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87:589-605
[28]刘贤伦.单台识别核爆炸的方法初探.地震地磁观测与研究,1995,16(3):8-13
[29]魏富胜,黎明.震源性质的倒谱分析.地震学报,2003,25(1):47-54
[30]许健生,尹志文.地震与爆破的波谱差异.地震地磁观测与研究,1999,20(3):18-23
[31]沈萍,郑治真.瞬态谱在地震与核爆识别中的应用.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):233-240
[32]Fisk M D.Source spectral modeling of regional P/S discriminants at nuclear test sites in China and the former Soviet Union.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2006,96:2348-2367
[33]Mueller C S and J S Murphy.Seismic characteristics of underground nuclear detonations.Part1:Seismic spec-trum scaling.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1971,61:1675-1692
[34]Fisk M D.Corner frequency scaling of regional seismic phase for underground nuclear explosions at the Nevada Test Site.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2007,97:977-988
[35]Taylor S R and MD Denny.An analysis of spectral differences between Nevada test site and Shagan River nu-clear explosions.J.Geophys Res.,1991,96:6237-6245
[36]Helmberger D V,Tromp J and AJ Rodgers.Advanced waveform simulation for seismic monitoring events.29th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring technologies,2007:80-90
[37]Shearer P M and B P Allmann.Spectral studies of shallow earthquakes and explosions in southern California.29thMonitoring Research Review:Ground-based nuclear explosion monitoring technologies.2007:656-663
[38]Stevens J L and S M Day.The physical basis ofmb:MSand variable frequency magnitude methods for earth-quake/explosion discrimination.J.Geophys Res.,1985,90:3009-3020
[39]边银菊.Fisher方法在震级比mb/MS判据识别爆炸中的应用研究.地震学报,2005,27(4):414-422
[40]Taylor S R,Denny MD,Vergino E S,et al.Regional discrimination between NTS explosions and western U.S.earthquakes.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1989,79:1142-1176
[41]Taylor S R and HJ Patton.Aprobability of detection method for reducing short-periodmb-MSfalse alarm rates.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2006,96:1078-1090
[42]Hartse HE,Taylor S R,Phillips W S,et al.Regional event discrimination in central Asia with emphasis on western China.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1997,87:551-568
[43]Patton H J and W R Walter.Regional moment:Magnitude relations for earthquake and explosion.Geophys Res.Let.,1993,20:277-280
[44]McCall K R.Theoretical study of nonlinear elastic wave propagation.J.Geophys Res.,1994,99(B2):2591-2600
[45]德布罗意L.非线性波动力学.谢毓章译.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1966
[46]于渌,郝柏林.相变和临界现象.北京:科学出版社,1984
[47]周世勋.量子力学教程.北京:高等教育出版社,1979
[48]Nettle S.Wave physics.Spring-Verlag.1992
[49]布伦K E.地震学引论.北京:科学出版社,1965
[50]Bullen K E and B Bolt.An introduction to the theory of seismology.Cambridge University Press.1985
[51]杨桂通,张善元.弹性动力学.北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[52]杨挺青,罗文波,危银涛,等.黏弹性理论与应用.北京:科学出版社,2004
[53]刘建华,胥颐,郝天珧.地震波衰减的物理机制研究.地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):1-7
[54]汪素云,裴顺平,许忠淮,等.利用ML振幅研究地壳横波Q值Ⅰ:不同构造区的衰减特征.地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1740-1747
[55]刘财,冯?,何敏,等.非线性波动理论在地震勘探中的应用综述.地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):68-78
[56]牛滨华,孙春岩.地震波理论研究进展———介质模型与地震波传播.地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):255-263
[57]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898
[58]郑海山,张中杰,田小波.VTI介质中非线性对地震波频率和频宽变化的约束.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):885-894
[59]王兆国,秦树洪,颜军.固体介质中非线性波的能量初探.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):192-199
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心