爆破震动信号的时频分析
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摘要
针对具体的爆破震动信号,基于短时Fourier变换(STFT)、连续小波变换(CWT)、离散小波变换(DWT)和Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)进行时频分析比较研究。结果表明:STFT使用的窗函数固定,分辨率单一,其分析结果只能大致反映信号能量随时间的变化;小波变换(WT)以小波基为变换基础,具有多分辨率特点,其分析结果较详细地反映了质点震动强度随时间的衰减起伏变化,但小波谱的能量在频率范围内分布较宽;HHT自适应性强、高效,Hilbert能量谱能清晰地表明能量随时频的具体分布,并且大部分能量都集中在有限的能量谱线上。分析认为HHT是一种全新而更优越的分析与处理爆破震动信号的时频方法。
A recorded signal of blasting vibration was analyzed in time and frequency domain by means of short time Fourier transform(STFT),continuous wavelet transform(CWT),discrete wavelet transform(DWT) and Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT).The analyzed results from STFT with fixed window function and single resolving power could only reflect how the signal energy varied with time approximately and results from wavelet transform(WT) based on wavelet base function and with multi-resolving power could display the attenuation of particle oscillatory intensity in time domain.EMD was a good self-adaptive and effective method,with which Hilbert energy spectrum could clearly express the variation of energy with time and frequency in detail,and most energy was concentrated in a definitive range of time and frequency,but that of wavelet spectrum lines were distributed in a wider frequency range.Therefore HHT was a kind of new time-frequency method for analyzing and processing the blasting vibration signals.
A recorded signal of blasting vibration was analyzed in time and frequency domain by means of short time Fourier transform(STFT),continuous wavelet transform(CWT),discrete wavelet transform(DWT) and Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT).The analyzed results from STFT with fixed window function and single resolving power could only reflect how the signal energy varied with time approximately and results from wavelet transform(WT) based on wavelet base function and with multi-resolving power could display the attenuation of particle oscillatory intensity in time domain.EMD was a good self-adaptive and effective method,with which Hilbert energy spectrum could clearly express the variation of energy with time and frequency in detail,and most energy was concentrated in a definitive range of time and frequency,but that of wavelet spectrum lines were distributed in a wider frequency range.Therefore HHT was a kind of new time-frequency method for analyzing and processing the blasting vibration signals.
引文
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[2]Dowding C H.Monitoring and control of blasting effects[A].Ming Engineering Handbook[M].Prentice Hall.1985:746–760.
[3]何军,于亚伦,梁文基.爆破震动信号的小波分析[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(1):47–50.
[4]林大超,施惠基,白春华,等.爆炸地震效应的时频分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(1):31–35.
[5]凌同华,李夕兵.地下工程爆破震动信号能量分布的小波包分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2004,24(1):63–68.
[6]马瑞恒,钱汉明,娄建武,等.时频分布在爆破震动信号处理中的应用[J].工程爆破,2004,10(2):8–12.
[7]刘希强,沈萍,李红,等.高斯线调频连续小波变换的时频能量衰减因子方法及其应用[J].中国地震,2003,19(3):225–235.
[8]大崎顺彦.地震动的谱分析入门[M].吕敏申,谢礼立,译.北京:地震出版社,1980.
[9]谢礼立,于双久,等.强震观测于分析原理[M].北京:地震出版社,1982.
[10]Huang N E,Shen Z,long S R,et al.The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and nonstationary time series analysis[J].Pro Roy Soc London A,1998,454:903–995.
[11]ZHAO Jinping,HUANG Daji.Mirror extending and circular spline function for empirical mode decomposition method[J].Zhejiang University,2001,2(3):247–252.
[12]Zhang Ruichong,Ma shuo,et al.Interpretation and application of Hilbert-Huang tranformation for seismeic performance analyses[J].Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Monograph,2003,(25):657–666.
[13]Wang H,Paul A,Huang,Norden E,et al.A note on analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary ocean wave data[J].Applied Ocean Research,2003,25(4):187–193.
[14]张义平,李夕兵,赵国彦.基于HHT方法的爆破地震信号分析[J].工程爆破,2005,11(1):1–7.
[15]王宏禹.非平稳随机信号分析与处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999.
[16]胡昌华,李国华,刘涛,等.基于MATLAB 6.X的系统分析与设计——小波分析(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学,2004.
[17]宋光明.爆破震动小波包分析理论与应用研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2001.
[18]Semion Kizhner,Thomas P,Flatley,et al.On the Hilbert-Huang Transform Data Processing System Development[R].National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center.Darrell Smith Orbital Sciences Corporation.2001.
[19]Mallat.Multi-resolution approximation and wavelet orthonormal bases of L2[J].Trans Amer Math Soc,1989,315:69–87.
[20]ZHAO Jin-ping,HUANG Da-ji.Mirror extending and circular spline function for empirical mode decomposition method[J].Zhejiang University,2001,2(3):247–252.
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