松潘地块若尔盖盆地与西秦岭造山带岩石圈尺度的构造关系—深地震反射剖面探测成果
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摘要
若尔盖盆地和西秦岭造山带作为青藏高原东北缘典型的新生代盆山构造,其接合部位的岩石圈结构及其深部构造关系为青藏高原东北缘板块碰撞的深部过程等研究奠定基础。横过盆山结合部位的深地震反射剖面长约63km,记录时间30s(TWT),探测深度超过莫霍面深达岩石圈地幔。该剖面首次揭露出青藏高原东北缘的盆山结合部位地壳和上地幔盖层的结构,发现了若尔盖盆地和西秦岭造山带下地壳以北倾为主的强反射特征,这种北倾的反射特征提供了若尔盖盆地俯冲到西秦岭造山带之下,而西秦岭造山带逆冲推覆到若尔盖盆地之上的地震学证据,初步揭示出若尔盖盆地和西秦岭造山带在挤压构造体系下形成的岩石圈尺度的构造关系,近于平坦的Moho反射特征反映两者在造山后期又经历了强烈的伸展作用。
The Zoigê basin and the west Qinling orogen constitute a typical basin-range structural pair on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The lithosphere structure and the deep structural relationship between the plateau boundary and the basin-range pair have laid the foundation for studying the collision of blocks on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. A deep seismic reflection profile across the Zoigê basin and the west Qinling orogen about 63 km long had a recorded time length up to 30s (TWT), with the data reaching the mantle depth. The profile disclosed for the first time the structure of the whole crust and the upper mantle in the basin-range boundary zone on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and discovered a north-dipping strong reflection. The north-dipping reflection constitutes seismic evidence for the underthrusting of the Zoigê basin beneath the west Qinling orogen. The seismic profile preliminarily reveals the structural relationship between the Zoigê Basin and the west Qinling orogen during Tibetan extrusion at the lithosphere scale. The nearly horizontal reflection from the Moho suggests that the Zoigê basin and the west Qinling orogen underwent intensive extension during the post-orogenic period.
The Zoigê basin and the west Qinling orogen constitute a typical basin-range structural pair on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The lithosphere structure and the deep structural relationship between the plateau boundary and the basin-range pair have laid the foundation for studying the collision of blocks on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. A deep seismic reflection profile across the Zoigê basin and the west Qinling orogen about 63 km long had a recorded time length up to 30s (TWT), with the data reaching the mantle depth. The profile disclosed for the first time the structure of the whole crust and the upper mantle in the basin-range boundary zone on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and discovered a north-dipping strong reflection. The north-dipping reflection constitutes seismic evidence for the underthrusting of the Zoigê basin beneath the west Qinling orogen. The seismic profile preliminarily reveals the structural relationship between the Zoigê Basin and the west Qinling orogen during Tibetan extrusion at the lithosphere scale. The nearly horizontal reflection from the Moho suggests that the Zoigê basin and the west Qinling orogen underwent intensive extension during the post-orogenic period.
引文
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李松林,张先康,张成科,赵金仁,等.2002.玛沁—兰州—靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究.地物理学报,45(2):210~217.
李亚东.1994.白龙江地区的逆冲推覆构造.甘肃地质学报,3(1):41~49.
李勇,侯中健,司光影,等.2002.青藏高原东缘新生代构造层序与构造事件.中国地质,29(1):30~36.
穆桂春.1982.若尔盖高原的自然概况与地貌发育.西南师范学院学报,4:42~46.
王椿镛,韩渭宾,吴建平,等.2003.松潘—甘孜造山带地壳速度结构.地震学报,25(3):229~242.
许志琴,侯立玮,王宗秀.1991.松潘—甘孜造山带构造研究新进展.中国地质,12:14~16.
许志琴,侯立玮,王宗秀,等.1992.中国松潘—甘孜造山带的造山过程.北京:地质出版社,1~190.
张国伟,郭安林,姚平安.2004.中国大陆构造中的西秦岭—松潘大陆构造结.地学前缘,11(3):23~32.
Brown L D,Wilie D M,Zheng L,et al.1987a.COCORP:Newperspec-tives on the deep crust.Geophys J.R.AstrSoc,89:47~54.
Brown L D.1987b.Lower continental crust:Variations mapped by CO-CORP deep profiling.Annal.Geophy.,5:325~332.
Dong Shuwen,Gao Rui,Li Qiusheng,Liu Xiaochun,et al.2005.Adeep Seismic Refleltion profile across a Foreland of the Dabie oro-gen.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(5):595~600.
Gao Rui.1997.Thirty problems of the lithospheric structure and Geo-dynamics in the Qinghai_Xizang Plateau.Geological Review,43(5):460~464.
Gao Rui,Huang Dongding,Lu Deyuan,Qian Guihua,et al.2000.Deep seismic reflection profile acrossthe contact zone of West Kun-lun orogen and Tari m basin.Chinese Science Bulletin,45(17):1874~1879(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Rui,Xiao Xuchang,Liu Xun,Guan Ye,Li Qiusheng,et al.2001.Detail lithospheric structure of the contact zon of West Kun-lun and Tari mrevealed by deep seismic reflection profile along theXinjiang Geotransect.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,22(6):547~552(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Rui,Ma Yongsheng,Zhu Xuan,Li Qiusheng,et al.2005.Litho-spheric structure of the Songpan blockin the northeastern Tibetanplateau_revelation frominvestigation of the deep seismic profile.In:Georges M,Lave J,eds.20th Hi malaya_KaraKorum_TibetWorkshop Special Extended Abstracts Volume,58~59,Aussois,France.
Li Songlin,Zhang Xiankang,Zhang Chengke,Zhao Jinren,et al.2002.A preli minary study on the crustal velocity structure ofMaqin_Lanzhou_Jingbian by means of deep seismic sounding pro-file.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,45(2):210~217(in Chinesewith English abstract).
with English abstract).Li Yadong.1994.On obduction nappe structure of Bailongjiang region.Acta Geological Gansu,3(1):41~49(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Li Yong,Hou Zhongjian,Si Guangying,et al.2002.Cenozoic tectonicsequence and tectonic events at the eastern margin of the Qinhai_Tibet plateau.Geology in China,29(1):30~36(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Mu Guichun.1982.The natural situation and physiognomy growth ofthe Zoig毢plateau.Journal of Southwest China Normal University,4:42~46.
Wang Chunyong,Han Weibin,WuJianping,et al.2003.Crustal struc-ture beneath the Songpan_Ganze orogenic belt.Acta SeismologicalSinica,25(3):229~242(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Zhiqin,Hou Li wei,Wang Zhongxiu.1991.New development ofstudying the Songpan_Ganzi orogen structure.Geology in China,12:14~16(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Zhiqin,Hou Li wei,Wang Zhongxiu,et al.1992.Orogenic Process ofthe Songpan_Ganzi Orogen in China.Beijing:Geological Publish-ing House,1~190.
Zhang Guowei,Guo Anlin,Yao Ping_an.2004.Western Qinling_Song-pan continental tectonic node in Chinese continental tectonic.EarthScience Frontiers,11(3):23~32(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
②张宏飞,张本仁,陈岳龙,等.2005.西秦岭—松潘构造结地球化学分区及其地壳结构.青藏高原东北缘西秦岭—松潘及其邻区大陆动力学学术研讨会,论文摘要.
③张先康.2005.阿尼玛卿缝合带东段基底结构—马尔康—碌曲—古浪地震宽角反射/折射剖面阶段结果.青藏高原东北缘西秦岭—松潘及其邻区大陆动力学学术研讨会.
董树文,高锐,李秋生,刘晓春,等.2005.大别山前陆深地震反射剖面.地质学报,79(5):595~600.
高锐.1997.青藏高原岩石圈结构与动力学的30个为什么.地质论评,43(5):460~464.
高锐,黄东定,卢德源,钱桂华,等.2000.横过西昆仑造山带与塔里木盆地结合带的深地震反射剖面.科学通报,45(17):1874~1879.
高锐,肖序常,刘训,管烨,等.2001.新疆地学断面深地震反射剖面揭示的西昆仑—塔里木结合带岩石圈细结构.地球学报,22(6):547~552.
李松林,张先康,张成科,赵金仁,等.2002.玛沁—兰州—靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究.地物理学报,45(2):210~217.
李亚东.1994.白龙江地区的逆冲推覆构造.甘肃地质学报,3(1):41~49.
李勇,侯中健,司光影,等.2002.青藏高原东缘新生代构造层序与构造事件.中国地质,29(1):30~36.
穆桂春.1982.若尔盖高原的自然概况与地貌发育.西南师范学院学报,4:42~46.
王椿镛,韩渭宾,吴建平,等.2003.松潘—甘孜造山带地壳速度结构.地震学报,25(3):229~242.
许志琴,侯立玮,王宗秀.1991.松潘—甘孜造山带构造研究新进展.中国地质,12:14~16.
许志琴,侯立玮,王宗秀,等.1992.中国松潘—甘孜造山带的造山过程.北京:地质出版社,1~190.
张国伟,郭安林,姚平安.2004.中国大陆构造中的西秦岭—松潘大陆构造结.地学前缘,11(3):23~32.
Brown L D,Wilie D M,Zheng L,et al.1987a.COCORP:Newperspec-tives on the deep crust.Geophys J.R.AstrSoc,89:47~54.
Brown L D.1987b.Lower continental crust:Variations mapped by CO-CORP deep profiling.Annal.Geophy.,5:325~332.
Dong Shuwen,Gao Rui,Li Qiusheng,Liu Xiaochun,et al.2005.Adeep Seismic Refleltion profile across a Foreland of the Dabie oro-gen.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(5):595~600.
Gao Rui.1997.Thirty problems of the lithospheric structure and Geo-dynamics in the Qinghai_Xizang Plateau.Geological Review,43(5):460~464.
Gao Rui,Huang Dongding,Lu Deyuan,Qian Guihua,et al.2000.Deep seismic reflection profile acrossthe contact zone of West Kun-lun orogen and Tari m basin.Chinese Science Bulletin,45(17):1874~1879(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Rui,Xiao Xuchang,Liu Xun,Guan Ye,Li Qiusheng,et al.2001.Detail lithospheric structure of the contact zon of West Kun-lun and Tari mrevealed by deep seismic reflection profile along theXinjiang Geotransect.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,22(6):547~552(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Rui,Ma Yongsheng,Zhu Xuan,Li Qiusheng,et al.2005.Litho-spheric structure of the Songpan blockin the northeastern Tibetanplateau_revelation frominvestigation of the deep seismic profile.In:Georges M,Lave J,eds.20th Hi malaya_KaraKorum_TibetWorkshop Special Extended Abstracts Volume,58~59,Aussois,France.
Li Songlin,Zhang Xiankang,Zhang Chengke,Zhao Jinren,et al.2002.A preli minary study on the crustal velocity structure ofMaqin_Lanzhou_Jingbian by means of deep seismic sounding pro-file.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,45(2):210~217(in Chinesewith English abstract).
with English abstract).Li Yadong.1994.On obduction nappe structure of Bailongjiang region.Acta Geological Gansu,3(1):41~49(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Li Yong,Hou Zhongjian,Si Guangying,et al.2002.Cenozoic tectonicsequence and tectonic events at the eastern margin of the Qinhai_Tibet plateau.Geology in China,29(1):30~36(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Mu Guichun.1982.The natural situation and physiognomy growth ofthe Zoig毢plateau.Journal of Southwest China Normal University,4:42~46.
Wang Chunyong,Han Weibin,WuJianping,et al.2003.Crustal struc-ture beneath the Songpan_Ganze orogenic belt.Acta SeismologicalSinica,25(3):229~242(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Zhiqin,Hou Li wei,Wang Zhongxiu.1991.New development ofstudying the Songpan_Ganzi orogen structure.Geology in China,12:14~16(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Zhiqin,Hou Li wei,Wang Zhongxiu,et al.1992.Orogenic Process ofthe Songpan_Ganzi Orogen in China.Beijing:Geological Publish-ing House,1~190.
Zhang Guowei,Guo Anlin,Yao Ping_an.2004.Western Qinling_Song-pan continental tectonic node in Chinese continental tectonic.EarthScience Frontiers,11(3):23~32(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
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