中国京津唐张地区时间上连续的重力变化与地震的孕育和发生
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摘要
近15年来,京津唐张地区发生了十几个4～5级的地震,通过对北京白家疃台观测到的时间连续重力变化资料的分析,伴随地震孕育和发生有关的重力变化基本图象已经呈现出来.由于对重力变化的观测一般在地表进行,明显的主要的干扰来自近地表水,深部地下流体分布在地壳所有深度上,而且也对孕震过程有响应.因此,地下流体对重力变化的影响是同等重要的.流体,包括近地表水和分布在地壳所有深度上的地下流体,对地震的孕育和发生的过程中局部重力变化所起的作用比我们以前认识的要重要得多.丰富的资料证明,似乎膨胀失稳(IPE)模式至少不适用于京津唐张地区地震的孕育与发生.为了更真实反映地震孕育和发生的物理过程,需要对原来提出的联合膨胀(CDM)模式进行修改.京津唐张地区的孕震区可以模拟成一个大的充满流体的多孔隙介质的受压体,它不仅包括未来破裂区外围的受压体也包括破裂区本身.包括未来破裂区外围的受压体受到变化相对比较小的现存区域应力场的作用,而未来破裂区涉及到非常高的局部应力集中,和/或超孔隙压的作用.用修改的联合膨胀模式(MCDM)和已知的该地区物理参数计算的重力变化形态与观测到的剩余重力变化很相象.很明显,剩余重力变化,除了对地震的孕育和发生产生响应外,主要是对近地表水和地下流体的响应,而?
引文
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[2]Fujii Y.Gravity changes in the shock area of the Niigata earthquake,16 June 1964.Zisin(in Japanese),1966,10
[3]Hunt T M.Gravity changes associated with the 1968 Inangahua earthquake.New Zealand Journal of Geophysics,1970,13:1050
[4]Hagiwara Y,Tajima H,Izutuya S,et al.Gravity change during the Izu-Oshima-Kinkai earthquake of 1978.Bull Earthq Res Inst(in Japanese),1978,53:875
[5]Chen Y T,Gu H D,Lu Z X.Variation of gravity before and after the Haicheng earthquake 1975 and Tangshan earthquake 1976.Physics of Earth and Planetary Interior,1979,18:330～338
[6]袁宝印,孙建中.华北新生代沉积与断块构造.见:中国科学院地质研究所和国家地震局地质研究所编,华北断块区的形成与发展. 北京:科学出版社,1980.221
[7]CSCPRC(Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People’s Republic of China).Report No.8.In:Jenning P C,ed.Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reducation in China.Washington D C,u.S.Nation Acadeny of Science,1980
[8]高龙生,张东宁.地应力孕震模型及地震前兆.见:地球物理学报编辑委员会编,八十年代中国地球物理学进展——纪念傅承义教授八十寿辰.北京:学术书刊出版社,1989.38
[9]Kuo J T,Gu G X,Liu K R,et al.The gravity variation related to the Madaoyu,Youzhou and Shunyi earthquakes in China.Am Geophys Union,1990,71:480
[10]Wang C M,Li S R,Wang G Z,et al.On the principles,methods and results of the deployment of a groudwater-observation network in China.Chinese Geophysics,1982,2:173～185
[11]Wu F T,Han D Y.Possible precursors of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.Chinese Geophysics,1982,2:157～172
[12]Behr H J.KTB development and experience applicable in continental drilling technology.成都理工学院学报(增刊),1995,63～65
[13]简春林,孙振傲.高村井记录到的一次降雨荷载效应.中国地震,1995,11:181
[14]Inglis C E.Stresses in a plate due to the presence of cracks and sharp corners.Trans R Inst Nav Archit London,1913,60:219～230
[15]Hsiao C.A study of horizontal-wellbore failure.SPE Production Engineering,1988.489～494
[16]Hubbert M K,Rubey W W. Role of fluid pressure in the mechanics of over-thrust faulting.Bull Geol Soc Amer,1959,70:115～205
[17]张之立,邓玉琼.渤海陆缘地震的力学特征和成因.地球物理学报,1989,32(4):470
[18]Kuo J T,Sun Y F.Modeling gravity variations caused by dilatancies.Tectonics,1993,227:127
[19]张之立,Kuo T K,Teng Y C,等.研究重力变化的三维有限元方法及应用.见:地球物理学报编辑委员会编,八十年代中国地球物理学进展—纪念傅承义教授八十寿辰.北京:学术书刊出版社,1989.579
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