地表一致性反褶积在地震勘探中的应用及效果
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摘要
地震资料的反褶积处理是通过改造地震激发子波,进而消除地震激发子波在传播过程中所受的虚反射、层间多次反射和大地滤波等影响的一种地震勘探资料处理方法.反褶积的方法很多,如:脉冲反褶积、预测反褶积、地表一致性反褶积.它们之间主要区别之一在于对地震子波的假设和估计地震子波的方法.所以在处理过程中应根据不同的区域资料特征采取不同的反褶积方法.本文以河南省某煤预查区地震勘探为实例,着重总结和比较地表一致性反褶积技术在地震资料处理中的应用效果.应用研究表明,适当选择时窗和自相关步长进行自相关分析,地表一致性反褶积能够展宽频谱,压缩地震子波,并能校正地震信号的相位谱,输出零相位子波,可以较大程度地提高地震资料的分辨率,提高勘探能力.
Choosing methods and parameters for deconvolution is a very important aspect to deal with seismic prospecting data.Deconvolution is used to eliminate effects of ghost multi-reflection and earth filtering during propagation of seismic secondary waves.Deconvolution is a special way to eliminate these effects.There are different deconvolution methods,for example,spike deconvolution,predictive deconvolution,surface consistent deconvolution and so on.The main differences of them are the supposition and estimation methods of seismic secondary waves. Therefore,data of different territorial characters have to be dealt with different deconvolution methods.In this paper, seismic prospecting to a coal perspective area of a coal mine in Henan Province is taken as an example for the applicative effect of surface consistent deconvolution.Practical study demonstrates that multi-functions such as enlarging frequency spectra,compressing seismic wavelet,revising phase spectra and finding out zero phase wavelet can be realized,and the resolution of a seismic data can be enhanced to a great extent by surface consistent deconvolution with autocorrelation of proper time window and step length.
Choosing methods and parameters for deconvolution is a very important aspect to deal with seismic prospecting data.Deconvolution is used to eliminate effects of ghost multi-reflection and earth filtering during propagation of seismic secondary waves.Deconvolution is a special way to eliminate these effects.There are different deconvolution methods,for example,spike deconvolution,predictive deconvolution,surface consistent deconvolution and so on.The main differences of them are the supposition and estimation methods of seismic secondary waves. Therefore,data of different territorial characters have to be dealt with different deconvolution methods.In this paper, seismic prospecting to a coal perspective area of a coal mine in Henan Province is taken as an example for the applicative effect of surface consistent deconvolution.Practical study demonstrates that multi-functions such as enlarging frequency spectra,compressing seismic wavelet,revising phase spectra and finding out zero phase wavelet can be realized,and the resolution of a seismic data can be enhanced to a great extent by surface consistent deconvolution with autocorrelation of proper time window and step length.
引文
[1] 李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.北京:石油工业出版社,1993． Li Q Z. The way to obtain a better resolution in seismic peospecting[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993．
[2] Tanner M T, Koehler F. Surface-consistent correction [J]. Geophysics, 1981, 46(1) : 17～22．
[3] 张昌君,罗晓微.四分量地表一致性反褶积[J].石油物探,1997,36(增刊):63～66． Zhang C J, Luo X W. Surface-consistent deconvolution with four components[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1997,36(Supp. ) :63～66．
[4] 章坷,李衍达,刘贵忠,等.多分辨率地震信号反褶积[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(4) :529～535． Zhang Ke, Li Y D, Liu G Z, et al. Multiresolution seismi signal deconvolution[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. , 1999, 42(4) 529～535．
[5] 李生杰,施行觉,郑鸿明,等.复杂地表条件反射振幅一致性校正[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6) :862～869． Li S J, Shi X J, Zheng H M,et al. The consistent correction of seismic amplitude in complicated surface area[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2002, 45(6) : 862～869．
[6] 郭树祥,李建明,毕立飞,等.频率域地表一致性反褶积方法及应用效果分析[J].石油物探,2003,42(1) :97～101． Guo S X, Li J M, Bi L F, et al. Frequency domain surfaceconsistent deconvolution and its application[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2003 ,42(1) : 97～101．
[7] 刘喜武,刘洪.地震盲反褶积综述[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(2) :203～209． Liu X W, Liu H. Survey on seismic blind deconvolution[J]. 2003, 18(2) :203～209．
[8] 闵成花.零相位校正和子波反褶积[J].油气地球物理,2004,2(2) :13～16． Min C H. Zero phase correction and wavelet deconvolution [J]. Petroleum Geophysics, 2004, 2(2) : 13～16．
[9] 王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,等.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4) :1167～1179． Wang X W, Hu Z D, Tian Y C. Study of seismic wavelet processing method in two step deconvolution [J]. Progressingeo Physics, 2006, 21(4) : 1167～1179．
[10] 周新龙.地表一致性处理方法技术研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007． Zhou X L. Study of processing method and technique of surface-consistence [D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2007．
[11] 刘喜武,高伟,张宁,等.基于带状混合矩阵ICA实现地震盲反褶积[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1153-1163． Liu X W, Gao W, Zhang N, et al. ICA with banded mixing matrix based seismic blind deconvolution[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22(4) : 1153～1163．
[12] Liu J, Lu W K. An improved predictive deconvolution based on maximization of non-Gaussiantity[J]. Appled Geophysics, 2008, 5(3) : 189～196．
[2] Tanner M T, Koehler F. Surface-consistent correction [J]. Geophysics, 1981, 46(1) : 17～22．
[3] 张昌君,罗晓微.四分量地表一致性反褶积[J].石油物探,1997,36(增刊):63～66． Zhang C J, Luo X W. Surface-consistent deconvolution with four components[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1997,36(Supp. ) :63～66．
[4] 章坷,李衍达,刘贵忠,等.多分辨率地震信号反褶积[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(4) :529～535． Zhang Ke, Li Y D, Liu G Z, et al. Multiresolution seismi signal deconvolution[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. , 1999, 42(4) 529～535．
[5] 李生杰,施行觉,郑鸿明,等.复杂地表条件反射振幅一致性校正[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6) :862～869． Li S J, Shi X J, Zheng H M,et al. The consistent correction of seismic amplitude in complicated surface area[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2002, 45(6) : 862～869．
[6] 郭树祥,李建明,毕立飞,等.频率域地表一致性反褶积方法及应用效果分析[J].石油物探,2003,42(1) :97～101． Guo S X, Li J M, Bi L F, et al. Frequency domain surfaceconsistent deconvolution and its application[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2003 ,42(1) : 97～101．
[7] 刘喜武,刘洪.地震盲反褶积综述[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(2) :203～209． Liu X W, Liu H. Survey on seismic blind deconvolution[J]. 2003, 18(2) :203～209．
[8] 闵成花.零相位校正和子波反褶积[J].油气地球物理,2004,2(2) :13～16． Min C H. Zero phase correction and wavelet deconvolution [J]. Petroleum Geophysics, 2004, 2(2) : 13～16．
[9] 王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,等.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4) :1167～1179． Wang X W, Hu Z D, Tian Y C. Study of seismic wavelet processing method in two step deconvolution [J]. Progressingeo Physics, 2006, 21(4) : 1167～1179．
[10] 周新龙.地表一致性处理方法技术研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007． Zhou X L. Study of processing method and technique of surface-consistence [D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2007．
[11] 刘喜武,高伟,张宁,等.基于带状混合矩阵ICA实现地震盲反褶积[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4) :1153-1163． Liu X W, Gao W, Zhang N, et al. ICA with banded mixing matrix based seismic blind deconvolution[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22(4) : 1153～1163．
[12] Liu J, Lu W K. An improved predictive deconvolution based on maximization of non-Gaussiantity[J]. Appled Geophysics, 2008, 5(3) : 189～196．
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