散粒体斜坡地震崩塌规律离心模型试验研究
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摘要
根据拟静力离心试验原理,以沙堆作为散粒体斜坡的概化模型,开展粒径分别为0.5~1.0 mm、8.0~10.0mm2种均匀沙和粒径范围为0.25~10.0 mm、非均匀系数为3.1的非均匀沙沙堆模型离心试验.试验分别在Ⅴ度、Ⅵ度和Ⅶ度3种不同地震烈度条件下进行,出现了不同的崩塌现象.试验结果表明:粒径为0.5~1.0 mm的均匀沙在3种烈度地震作用下的崩塌规模均服从准周期分布;8.0~10.0 mm的均匀沙和非均匀系数3.1的非均匀沙在Ⅴ度地震烈度作用下的崩塌规模服从负幂律分布,呈现自组织临界性特征,而在Ⅵ度、Ⅶ地震烈度作用下的崩塌规模服从正态分布.根据试验结果给出了崩塌规律为负幂律分布和正态分布的分布函数.
Based on the principle of pseudo-static method and centrifugal model tests,the laws of avalanches of loose slope are researched by means of the landslips of sand-pile models with one slope,which are used as simplification pattern of granular slopes.This paper reports three centrifugal model tests of uniform sand with size distribution of 0.5～1.0 mm and 8.0～10.0 mm,and non-uniform sand with a heterogeneous coefficient =3.1.From the three centrifugal model tests,three laws of landslips of sand-pile are deduced under earthquake with three magnitudes,i.e.,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ.The test results show that landslips of uniform sand with 0.5～1.0 mm obey the law of quasi-cyclical distribution under Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ,and landslips of uniform sand with 8.0～10.0 mm and non-uniform sand with =3.1 obey the law of power-law distribution under Ⅴ,presenting self-organized criticality,but obey normal distribution under Ⅵ and Ⅶ.Finally,the laws of landslips are indicated by the distillation function.
Based on the principle of pseudo-static method and centrifugal model tests,the laws of avalanches of loose slope are researched by means of the landslips of sand-pile models with one slope,which are used as simplification pattern of granular slopes.This paper reports three centrifugal model tests of uniform sand with size distribution of 0.5～1.0 mm and 8.0～10.0 mm,and non-uniform sand with a heterogeneous coefficient =3.1.From the three centrifugal model tests,three laws of landslips of sand-pile are deduced under earthquake with three magnitudes,i.e.,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ.The test results show that landslips of uniform sand with 0.5～1.0 mm obey the law of quasi-cyclical distribution under Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ,and landslips of uniform sand with 8.0～10.0 mm and non-uniform sand with =3.1 obey the law of power-law distribution under Ⅴ,presenting self-organized criticality,but obey normal distribution under Ⅵ and Ⅶ.Finally,the laws of landslips are indicated by the distillation function.
引文
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[14]Bak P.大自然如何工作[M].李炜,蔡勖,译.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2001.
[2]Keefer D K.Landslides caused by earthquake[J].Bulletinof Geological Society of America.,1984(95):406-421.
[3]丁彦慧.地震崩滑与地震参数的关系及其在边坡震害预测中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(增刊):101-107.
[4]李树武,聂德新,刘惠军.大型碎屑堆积体工程特性及稳定性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006(25):4126-4131.
[5]董志高,吴继敏,王文远,等.地震作用崩塌堆积体边坡稳定性分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2006(26):37-40.
[6]鲍叶静,高孟潭.地震诱发崩塌滑坡危险区初步预测[J].中国地震,2004(20):89-94.
[7]姚令侃,李仕雄,蒋良潍.自组织临界性及其在散粒体研究中的应用[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2003,35(1):8-14.
[8]Per Bak,Chao Tang,Kurt Wiesenfeld.Self-Organizedcriticality[J].Phys Rev A,1988,11(1):364-374.
[9]Per Bak,Chao Tang,Kurt Wiesenfeld.Self-Organizedcriticality:An explanation of 1/f noise[J].Phys RevLett,1987,59(4):381-384.
[10]何越磊,姚令侃,苏凤环,等.斜坡灾害自组织临界性与极值分析[J].中国铁道工程学报,2005,26(2):15-19.
[11]胡定,张利民.土工抗震试验与分析[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1991.
[12]姚令侃,方铎.非均匀沙自组织临界性及其应用研究[J].水利学报,1997(3):26-32.
[13]杨庆华,姚令侃,齐颖,等.散粒体离心模型自组织临界性及地震效应分析[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(11):1630-1635.
[14]Bak P.大自然如何工作[M].李炜,蔡勖,译.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2001.
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