海上地震数据处理中采集脚印分析与衰减处理
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摘要
在海上地震资料处理中,由于检波点空间分布不均匀造成的采集脚印现象不仅影响地腹构造的高质量地震成像,而且还会严重影响AVO属性分析和地层速度模型,有效的衰减采集脚印对地质构造解释和油气藏储层预测等都十分必要。通过对海上某区的地震数据采集脚印的成因及特点的详细分析,并在此基础上开展试验研究,最终选用SkyFix XP定位系统来进行三维地震资料的潮汐校正;采用面元中心化技术来实现资料的面元规则化,减小相邻道间的差异从而压制采集脚印;此外,剩余静校正技术也是处理过程中压制三维地震资料采集脚印的有效手段之一。通过以上3种关键技术的应用,处理出来的地震资料在信噪比上有了大幅度的提高,采集脚印从时间切片上和剖面上均有了明显的衰减,地震资料达到了最大限度的相对保幅,地震振幅、能量等地震属性与地质认识也更加吻合,为该区下一步油气勘探和已投入生产油气田的开发部署调整提供了更为可靠的基础资料。
In the processing of marine seismic data,acquisition footprints resulted from uneven spatial distribution of geophone stations not only influence the quality of seismic image of subsurface structures,but also severely impact AVO attribute analysis and interval velocity modeling.Therefore,effective elimination of acquisition footprints is necessary to both structural interpretation and reservoir prediction.Based on a thorough analysis of the origin and features of acquisition footprints in seismic data in a marine seismic survey area,we performed an experimental study and finally selected the SkyFix positioning system for tidal correction of the 3D seismic data.The bin centralization technique was also used to standardize the bins of the seismic data and reduce the differences between traces,thus eliminating acquisition footprints.In addition,residual static correction is another effective way to eliminate acquisition footprints during the processing of 3D seismic data.The application of these techniques greatly enhanced the S/N ratio and significantly eliminated footprints on both time slices and sections.Maximum preservation of amplitude was realized and seismic attributes such as amplitude and energy were in better match with geologic understandings.This study provides more reliable basic data for further exploration and development plan adjustment of the producing oil/gas fields in this marine area.
In the processing of marine seismic data,acquisition footprints resulted from uneven spatial distribution of geophone stations not only influence the quality of seismic image of subsurface structures,but also severely impact AVO attribute analysis and interval velocity modeling.Therefore,effective elimination of acquisition footprints is necessary to both structural interpretation and reservoir prediction.Based on a thorough analysis of the origin and features of acquisition footprints in seismic data in a marine seismic survey area,we performed an experimental study and finally selected the SkyFix positioning system for tidal correction of the 3D seismic data.The bin centralization technique was also used to standardize the bins of the seismic data and reduce the differences between traces,thus eliminating acquisition footprints.In addition,residual static correction is another effective way to eliminate acquisition footprints during the processing of 3D seismic data.The application of these techniques greatly enhanced the S/N ratio and significantly eliminated footprints on both time slices and sections.Maximum preservation of amplitude was realized and seismic attributes such as amplitude and energy were in better match with geologic understandings.This study provides more reliable basic data for further exploration and development plan adjustment of the producing oil/gas fields in this marine area.
引文
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[2]唐怡,朱敏,杨建军,等.数据品质对叠前时间偏移成像的影响[J].天然气工业,2009,29(11):44-46.
[3]杨红霞.地震数据采集技术进展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(5/6):463-468.
[4]麻三怀,杨长春,韩晓丽,等.采集脚印分析和处理方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):500-507.
[5]王征,庄祖垠,金明霞.海上三维拖缆地震资料面元中心化技术及其应用[J].石油物探,2009,48(3):258-261.
[6]何樵登,熊维刚.应用地球物理教程——地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1991:125-128.
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