基于高分辨率遥感影像的汶川地震道路损毁评估
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摘要
强烈地震造成道路基础设施的损毁,严重影响应急救灾工作。因此,及时准确地对灾区道路损毁情况进行评估,具有十分重要的现实意义。以汶川特大地震道路损毁评估工作为例,介绍了利用高分辨率卫星遥感影像进行地震灾害道路损毁评估的技术方法。通过对灾区20个县(市、区)国/省道基础设施损毁情况评估,结果表明,汶川、北川等6个县道路重度损毁,3个县(市)中度损毁,11个县(区)轻度损毁。表明该方法能够在应急期间缺乏地面调查的情况下,充分利用高分辨率遥感图像,对道路震害损毁进行快速及较为准确的评估。
The strong Wenchuan Earthquake causes serious damage to the road infrastructure,which has bad influence on the disaster-relief work after the earthquake.Therefore,it is very important to evaluate the damage loss of the road in the disaster area quickly and accurately,especially in the emergency time of disasters.This paper introduces a method to evaluate the damage of roads from satellite remote sensing images with high spatial resolution in Wenchuan earthquake of 8.0 magnitudes.The study uses twenty nine high resolution satellite remote sensing images after the earthquake,including EROS-B,QuickBird,SPOT-5,ALOS data etc.These images are all panchromatic data.The spatial resolution is at least 3 meters.The study area includes 20 counties in the damaged area of Wenchuan Earthquake.The terrain conditions are complex for all counties except several of the Chendu city.The study method includes three steps.First,remote sensing imagery is geometrically corrected.Meanwhile,clouds are eliminated by the threshold of high gray values.Second,road regions in high resolution remote sensing imagery are segmented by geographic information of road.Third,damaged roads are detection by the following steps.Each road is segmented by a fixed length interval into several segments.Then for each segment,grey and texture feature in a neighborhood window are calculated.According to the model of damaged road,grey and texture feature are used to identify damaged roads.At last,the result of damaged road detection is used to calculate assessment indexes including damage distribution and damage grade of each county.The grading standard is setted in three levels,which are severely damaged,moderately damaged and lightly damaged,according to the damage rate of national roads and provincial roads.The result shows that the earthquake affected road infrastructure in all the twenty counties of the study area.Six counties are severely damaged,including Wenchuan county and Beichuan county;three counties are moderately damaged;and eleven counties are lightly damaged.It is proved that,comparing the results of this study and the ground investigation data,the assessment method of this paper could get a quick and relatively accurate evaluated result of the damage loss of the roads in the disaster areas using the high resolution satellite remote sensing images.The damaged road assessment method is very useful and feasible in the serious situation,especially when we cannot get the ground investigation information.
The strong Wenchuan Earthquake causes serious damage to the road infrastructure,which has bad influence on the disaster-relief work after the earthquake.Therefore,it is very important to evaluate the damage loss of the road in the disaster area quickly and accurately,especially in the emergency time of disasters.This paper introduces a method to evaluate the damage of roads from satellite remote sensing images with high spatial resolution in Wenchuan earthquake of 8.0 magnitudes.The study uses twenty nine high resolution satellite remote sensing images after the earthquake,including EROS-B,QuickBird,SPOT-5,ALOS data etc.These images are all panchromatic data.The spatial resolution is at least 3 meters.The study area includes 20 counties in the damaged area of Wenchuan Earthquake.The terrain conditions are complex for all counties except several of the Chendu city.The study method includes three steps.First,remote sensing imagery is geometrically corrected.Meanwhile,clouds are eliminated by the threshold of high gray values.Second,road regions in high resolution remote sensing imagery are segmented by geographic information of road.Third,damaged roads are detection by the following steps.Each road is segmented by a fixed length interval into several segments.Then for each segment,grey and texture feature in a neighborhood window are calculated.According to the model of damaged road,grey and texture feature are used to identify damaged roads.At last,the result of damaged road detection is used to calculate assessment indexes including damage distribution and damage grade of each county.The grading standard is setted in three levels,which are severely damaged,moderately damaged and lightly damaged,according to the damage rate of national roads and provincial roads.The result shows that the earthquake affected road infrastructure in all the twenty counties of the study area.Six counties are severely damaged,including Wenchuan county and Beichuan county;three counties are moderately damaged;and eleven counties are lightly damaged.It is proved that,comparing the results of this study and the ground investigation data,the assessment method of this paper could get a quick and relatively accurate evaluated result of the damage loss of the roads in the disaster areas using the high resolution satellite remote sensing images.The damaged road assessment method is very useful and feasible in the serious situation,especially when we cannot get the ground investigation information.
引文
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[2]Wang R X,Ye LY.Quick Investigation of SeismDisaster UsingRemote Sensing Technology[J].Journal ofKunming UniversityofScience and Technology(Science and Technology),2003,28(4):1—5.[王瑞雪,叶燎原.应用遥感技术进行地震灾害快速调查的研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2003,28(4):1—5.]
[3]Zhang J F,Xie L L,Tao X X.Change Detection of RemoteSensing Image for Earthquake-Damaged Buildings and Its Appli-cation in Seismic Disaster Assessment[J].Journal ofNaturalDisaster,2002,11(2):59—64.[张景发,谢礼立,陶夏新.建筑物震害遥感图像的变化检测与震害评估[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(2):59—64.]
[4]Zhu B Q,Wei C J,Zhang Y Z.The Quick Extracting of Earth-quake Disaster Data by Aerial Remote Sensing Survey[J].Journal ofNatural Disaster,1998,7(1):34—39.[朱博勤,魏成阶,张渊智.航空遥感地震灾害信息的快速提取[J].自然灾害学报,1998,7(1):34—39.]
[5]Liu J H,Yang J F,Wei C J,et al.Acquisition of EarthquakeDamage Information Based on Remote Sensing Technology:His-tory,Current Situation and Trend[J].Journal ofNatural Dis-aster,2004,13(5):46—53.[柳稼航,杨建峰,魏成阶等.震害信息遥感获取技术历史、现状和趋势[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(5):46—53.]
[6]Chen W K,He S L,Zhang J F,et al.AReviewon Methods ofExtracting Earthquake Damage Information Using Remote Sens-ing Technology[J].North Western Seismological Journal,2008,30(1):88—93.[陈文凯,何少林,张景发等.利用遥感技术提取震害信息方法的研究进展[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(1):88—93.]
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