21世纪实验岩石学的重大突破——核幔边界D″层研究
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摘要
地球核幔边界即D″层的矿物成分一直以来都被认为是MgSiO3钙钛矿。随着高温高压实验技术的不断提高,各国学者对该层物质成分的认识也在不断深化。近年,日本学者通过实验,率先合成了一种新的高温高压矿物,即MgSiO3后钙钛矿,并认为后钙钛矿物相是核幔边界的主要特征。这项重大成果解决了长期困扰学术界的D″层地震波各向异性成因问题,揭示了地震波不连贯性的本质原因。该项成果被誉为21世纪实验岩石学的重大突破,对人们深入探索地球深部的奥秘具有重大理论价值。随着对地球核幔边界认识的继续深入,有可能解决岩石圈板块运动的本质原因以及地磁场成因机制等重大问题。
The mineral composition in layer D″ of core-mantle boundary was always thought as MgSiO3 perovskite.Along with the improvement of experimental technology of high temperature and high pressure,the knowledge about the substance composition of layer D″ was deepened successively.In recent years,through experiment,the Japanese scholars composed a new kind of mineral with high temperature and high pressure that was MgSiO3 post-perovskite and regarded the post-perovskite mineral phase as the major properties of core-mantle boundary.This important achievement solved the genetic problem of seismic wave anisotropic property of D″ layer that puzzled the academia for a long term,exposed the essential reason of seismic wave inconsistency.
The mineral composition in layer D″ of core-mantle boundary was always thought as MgSiO3 perovskite.Along with the improvement of experimental technology of high temperature and high pressure,the knowledge about the substance composition of layer D″ was deepened successively.In recent years,through experiment,the Japanese scholars composed a new kind of mineral with high temperature and high pressure that was MgSiO3 post-perovskite and regarded the post-perovskite mineral phase as the major properties of core-mantle boundary.This important achievement solved the genetic problem of seismic wave anisotropic property of D″ layer that puzzled the academia for a long term,exposed the essential reason of seismic wave inconsistency.
引文
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[10]PANNING M,ROMANOWICZ B.Inferences on flow atthe base of Earth s mantle based on seismic anisotropy[J].Science,2004(303):351-353.
[11]PHILIPPE GILLET,FRANCOIS GUYOT,GEOFFREY DP,et al.Phase changes and thermodynamic properties ofCaTiO3.Spectroscopic data,vibrational modelling andsome insights on the properties of MgSiO3perovskite[J].Physics and Chemistry of Minerals,1993(20):159-170.
[12]RODI F,BABEL D.Erdalkaliiridium(IV)-oxide:Kri-stallstruktur von CaIrO3.Z.Anorg[J].Allg.Chem,1965(336):17-23.
[13]SHIM S H,DUFFY TS,SHENG Y.Stability and struc-ture of MgSiO3perovskite at 2 300-kilometer depth inEarth's mantle[J].Science,2001(293):2437-2440.
[14]SIDORIN I,GURNIS M,HELMBERGER D V.Evi-dence for a ubiquitous seismic discontinuity at the base ofthe mantle[J].Science,1999(286):1326-1331.
[2]BRODHOLT J P,ORGANOV A R,PRICE G D.Com-putational mineral physics and the physical properties ofperovskite[J].Phil Trans.R.Soc,Lond:A,2002(360):2507-2520.
[3]CIVALLERI B,HARRISON N M.New ultrasoft pseudo-potentials for the study of silicates[J].Mol.Simulat,2002(28):213-237.
[4]CHERNICOFF STANLEY,WHITNEY DONNA.Geolo-gy:An introduction to physical geology[M].London:Pearson Education Ltd.,2007.
[5]FIQUETG,DEWAELE A,ANDRAULTD,et al.Ther-moelastic properties and crystal structure of MgSiO3per-ovskite at lower mantle pressure and temperature condi-tions[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2000(27):21-24.
[6]IJJAALI I,MITCHELL K,HUANG F Q,et al.Synthe-ses and characterization of the actinide manganese sele-nides Th,Mn,Se3and UmnSe3[J].J.Solid State Chem,2004(177):257-261.
[7]JEANOLOZ R,WILLIAMS Q.The core-mantle boundaryregion[J].Rev.Mineral,1998(37):241-259.
[8]MURAKAMI M,HIROSE K,KAWAMURA K,et al.Post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3[J].Science,2004(304):855-858.
[9]OGANOV A R,BRODHOLTJ P,PRICE G D.The elas-tic constants of MgSiO3perovskite at pressures and tem-peratures of the Earth mantle[J].Nature,2001(411):934-937.
[10]PANNING M,ROMANOWICZ B.Inferences on flow atthe base of Earth s mantle based on seismic anisotropy[J].Science,2004(303):351-353.
[11]PHILIPPE GILLET,FRANCOIS GUYOT,GEOFFREY DP,et al.Phase changes and thermodynamic properties ofCaTiO3.Spectroscopic data,vibrational modelling andsome insights on the properties of MgSiO3perovskite[J].Physics and Chemistry of Minerals,1993(20):159-170.
[12]RODI F,BABEL D.Erdalkaliiridium(IV)-oxide:Kri-stallstruktur von CaIrO3.Z.Anorg[J].Allg.Chem,1965(336):17-23.
[13]SHIM S H,DUFFY TS,SHENG Y.Stability and struc-ture of MgSiO3perovskite at 2 300-kilometer depth inEarth's mantle[J].Science,2001(293):2437-2440.
[14]SIDORIN I,GURNIS M,HELMBERGER D V.Evi-dence for a ubiquitous seismic discontinuity at the base ofthe mantle[J].Science,1999(286):1326-1331.
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