基于角道集的井约束层析速度反演
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摘要
本文研究的走时层析方法,是在角度域共成像点道集(ADCIGs,简称角道集)的基础上获取旅行时差,并通过井约束控制层析反演的精度。此法实现的关键步骤为:①利用叠前深度偏移剖面上拾取的层位界面生成初始层析速度模型;②按照选定的角度范围抽取共成像点道集,并求取各层位的旅行时差;③求取共成像点对应的灵敏度矩阵;④建立反演方程组,并加入正则化和井约束反演慢度更新量;⑤依据共成像点道集中的同相轴拉平程度判断所求速度的精度是否达到要求。理论模型试算及实际地震资料处理结果均表明:该方法易于实现,不必考虑复杂的反射问题,每一步迭代都是在前一步深度偏移的基础上进行速度场的更新,能够得到精度较高的速度场。
A travel-time tomography method proposed in this paper mainly gets travel-time residual on the basis of angle domain common imaging gathers(ADCIGs) and controls the precision of tomography inversion by well constraint.The key implementation steps are as follows: 1.Build the initial tomography velocity model using a layer interface picked from pre-stack depth migration;2.Get ADCIGs according to selected angle range and calculate the travel-time residual of each layer;3.Calculate the sensitivity matrix corresponding to the ADCIGs;4.Establish the inversion equation systems by adding the regularization and well constraint to inverse the slowness update;5.Determine if the velocity precision meets the demand or not through the flatten degree of ADCIGs events.The travel-time tomography results of model dataset and filed dataset have proved that this method is easy to carry out,without considering complex reflection problem.And the velocity updates of every iteration are obtained based on pre-stack depth migration of previous step,which can achieve velocity field with high precision.
A travel-time tomography method proposed in this paper mainly gets travel-time residual on the basis of angle domain common imaging gathers(ADCIGs) and controls the precision of tomography inversion by well constraint.The key implementation steps are as follows: 1.Build the initial tomography velocity model using a layer interface picked from pre-stack depth migration;2.Get ADCIGs according to selected angle range and calculate the travel-time residual of each layer;3.Calculate the sensitivity matrix corresponding to the ADCIGs;4.Establish the inversion equation systems by adding the regularization and well constraint to inverse the slowness update;5.Determine if the velocity precision meets the demand or not through the flatten degree of ADCIGs events.The travel-time tomography results of model dataset and filed dataset have proved that this method is easy to carry out,without considering complex reflection problem.And the velocity updates of every iteration are obtained based on pre-stack depth migration of previous step,which can achieve velocity field with high precision.
引文
[1]Marta Jo Woodward,and Dave Nichols.A decade oftomography.Geophysics,2008,73(5):VE5～VE10
[2]Michelena R J and Harris J M.Tomographic travel-time inversion using natural pixels.Geophysics,1991,56(5):635～644
[3]Vasco D W and Majer E L.Wavepath traveltimetomography.Geophysical Journal International,1993,115(3):1055～1069
[4]Watanabe T,Matsuoka T and Ashida Y.Seismic trav-eltime tomography using Fresnel volume approach.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1402～1405
[5]Xu S,Zhang Y and Huang T.Enhanced tomographyresolution by a fat ray technique.SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2006,25:3354～3357
[6]Liu Yu-zhu et al.Sensitivity kernels for seismic Fres-nel volume tomography.Geophysics,2009,74(5):U35～U46
[7]Semtchenok N M.Gaussian beam tomography.71stEAGE Conference&Exhibition,2009
[8]Semtchenok N M.Non-linear Gaussian beam tomo-graphy:A new method capable of determining highlycomplex velocity models.72nd EAGE Conference&Exhibition,2010
[9]潘宏勋,方伍宝.地震速度分析方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):305～309Pan Hong-xun,Fang Wu-bao.Review of seismic ve-locity analysis methods.Progress in Exploration Ge-ophysics,2006,29(5):305～309
[10]Xie Xiao-Bi,Yang Hui.The finite-frequency sensitivi-ty kernel for migration residual moveout and its appli-cations in migration velocity analysis.Geophysics,2008,73(6):S241～S249
[11]Langan R T,Lerehe I,Cutler R T.Tracing of raysthrough heterogeneous media:An accurate and efficientprocedure.Geophysics,1985,50(9):1456～1465
[12]Xia Fan,Ren Yi-qing and Jin Sheng-wen.Tomo-graphic migration-velocity analysis using common an-gle image gathers.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2008,27:3103～3106
[13]Xia Fan,Ren Yi-qing,Jin Sheng-wen and Jin S.Re-sidual migration-velocity analysis using common angleimage gathers.SEG Technical Program ExpandedAbstracts,2006,25:2455～2458
[14]Christof Stork.Reflection tomography in the postmigrat-ed domain.Geophysics,1992,57(5):680～692
[15]Aster R C,Borchers C and Thurber C H.ParameterEstimation and Inverse Problems.Elsevier Scienceand Technology Books,2005
[16]刘玉柱,董良国,夏建军.初至波走时层析成像中的正则化方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):682～685Liu Yu-zhu,Dong Liang-guo,Xia Jian-jun.Normal-ized approach in tomographic imaging of first breakstravel time.OGP,2007,42(6):682～685
[17]Snieder R and Trampert J.Inverse Problems in Geo-physics.Samizdat Press,1999
[18]Xu Wen-jun,Xie Xiao-bi.How serious is the nonlin-ear effect on traveltime delays predicted by sensitivitykernels.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2009,28:4049～4052
[19]王家映.地球物理资料非线性反演方法讲座(一)地球物理反演问题概述.工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1):1～3Wang Jia-ying.Lecture on non-linear inverse methodsin geophysics(Ⅰ)Introduction to geophysical inverseproblems.Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophys-ics,2007,4(1):1～3
[20]Phillips W S and Fehler M C.Traveltime tomo-graphy:A comparison of popular methods.Geophys-ics,1991,56(10):1639～1649
[21]成谷.地震反射走时层析理论与应用研究[博士学位论文].同济大学,2004
[22]Pei Dong-hong.Three-dimensional traveltime tomo-graphy via LSQR with regularization.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:4004～4008
[2]Michelena R J and Harris J M.Tomographic travel-time inversion using natural pixels.Geophysics,1991,56(5):635～644
[3]Vasco D W and Majer E L.Wavepath traveltimetomography.Geophysical Journal International,1993,115(3):1055～1069
[4]Watanabe T,Matsuoka T and Ashida Y.Seismic trav-eltime tomography using Fresnel volume approach.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1402～1405
[5]Xu S,Zhang Y and Huang T.Enhanced tomographyresolution by a fat ray technique.SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2006,25:3354～3357
[6]Liu Yu-zhu et al.Sensitivity kernels for seismic Fres-nel volume tomography.Geophysics,2009,74(5):U35～U46
[7]Semtchenok N M.Gaussian beam tomography.71stEAGE Conference&Exhibition,2009
[8]Semtchenok N M.Non-linear Gaussian beam tomo-graphy:A new method capable of determining highlycomplex velocity models.72nd EAGE Conference&Exhibition,2010
[9]潘宏勋,方伍宝.地震速度分析方法综述.勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):305～309Pan Hong-xun,Fang Wu-bao.Review of seismic ve-locity analysis methods.Progress in Exploration Ge-ophysics,2006,29(5):305～309
[10]Xie Xiao-Bi,Yang Hui.The finite-frequency sensitivi-ty kernel for migration residual moveout and its appli-cations in migration velocity analysis.Geophysics,2008,73(6):S241～S249
[11]Langan R T,Lerehe I,Cutler R T.Tracing of raysthrough heterogeneous media:An accurate and efficientprocedure.Geophysics,1985,50(9):1456～1465
[12]Xia Fan,Ren Yi-qing and Jin Sheng-wen.Tomo-graphic migration-velocity analysis using common an-gle image gathers.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2008,27:3103～3106
[13]Xia Fan,Ren Yi-qing,Jin Sheng-wen and Jin S.Re-sidual migration-velocity analysis using common angleimage gathers.SEG Technical Program ExpandedAbstracts,2006,25:2455～2458
[14]Christof Stork.Reflection tomography in the postmigrat-ed domain.Geophysics,1992,57(5):680～692
[15]Aster R C,Borchers C and Thurber C H.ParameterEstimation and Inverse Problems.Elsevier Scienceand Technology Books,2005
[16]刘玉柱,董良国,夏建军.初至波走时层析成像中的正则化方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):682～685Liu Yu-zhu,Dong Liang-guo,Xia Jian-jun.Normal-ized approach in tomographic imaging of first breakstravel time.OGP,2007,42(6):682～685
[17]Snieder R and Trampert J.Inverse Problems in Geo-physics.Samizdat Press,1999
[18]Xu Wen-jun,Xie Xiao-bi.How serious is the nonlin-ear effect on traveltime delays predicted by sensitivitykernels.SEG Technical Program Expanded Ab-stracts,2009,28:4049～4052
[19]王家映.地球物理资料非线性反演方法讲座(一)地球物理反演问题概述.工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1):1～3Wang Jia-ying.Lecture on non-linear inverse methodsin geophysics(Ⅰ)Introduction to geophysical inverseproblems.Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophys-ics,2007,4(1):1～3
[20]Phillips W S and Fehler M C.Traveltime tomo-graphy:A comparison of popular methods.Geophys-ics,1991,56(10):1639～1649
[21]成谷.地震反射走时层析理论与应用研究[博士学位论文].同济大学,2004
[22]Pei Dong-hong.Three-dimensional traveltime tomo-graphy via LSQR with regularization.SEG TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:4004～4008
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