双能量双通道地震采集技术
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摘要
地震勘探震源激励的地震波具有初始频带特征,该信号经过地层介质扩散吸收、检波器接地耦合、敏感元件的转换、后置模拟信号调理以及模数转换等环节的再造,最后形成地震仪实际记录的数字信号,该记录信号能量主要集中在低主频频带上。双能量双通道采集技术基于一次震源激励,同时在一个坐标点获得高、低两个主频频带的地震记录,充分利用包括检波器的灵敏度、动态范围以及后续模拟电路和数字电路上元器件的动态范围。在低频通道采用适当的增益和信号调理电路获得低频宽频带记录,在高频通道通过高频检波器或高通滤波器以及高频补偿电路,获得以高频为主频的宽频带记录。通过该技术可以保证传统地震勘探中低主频信号的完整采集,地震装备的极限勘探深度也能得到最大限度的增大,两个不同频带能量信号可以相互对比和参考,有利于提高地震资料的处理、解释精度。
The seismic wave excited by seismic exploration source has initial frequency bandwidth characteristic,before the signal of the seismic wave was finally received and recorded by seismic instrument,it dispersed and had been absorbed by subsurface media,then it was modified by geophone ground coupling and was transformed by sensitive elements,at last it was regulated by post-simulation signal and was rebuilt by A/D conversion and other processes,the energy distribution of the seismic signal is mainly in the low dominant frequency band,the dual-energy and dual-channel seismic acquisition technology which is based on one time source excitation,could simultaneously acquire seismic records in both low dominant frequency band and high dominant frequency band in a coordinate point,so that it could fully utilize both the sensitivity and dynamic range of the geophone,the dynamic range of the subsequently used analog circuits and elements of the digital circuits.Adequate gaining and signal regulation circuits were used for low frequency channel to acquire low frequency broadband data,while the high frequency geophone or high frequency filters and high frequency compensation circuits were used for high frequency channel to obtain the high frequency broadband data.By using the technology the low dominant frequency signal could be fully acquired in traditional seismic exploration,while the extreme limit exploration depth for the seismic instrument could be maximized,the energy signals from the two frequency bands could be correlated and referred with each other,so that the accuracy of the seismic interpretation and processing could be raised.
The seismic wave excited by seismic exploration source has initial frequency bandwidth characteristic,before the signal of the seismic wave was finally received and recorded by seismic instrument,it dispersed and had been absorbed by subsurface media,then it was modified by geophone ground coupling and was transformed by sensitive elements,at last it was regulated by post-simulation signal and was rebuilt by A/D conversion and other processes,the energy distribution of the seismic signal is mainly in the low dominant frequency band,the dual-energy and dual-channel seismic acquisition technology which is based on one time source excitation,could simultaneously acquire seismic records in both low dominant frequency band and high dominant frequency band in a coordinate point,so that it could fully utilize both the sensitivity and dynamic range of the geophone,the dynamic range of the subsequently used analog circuits and elements of the digital circuits.Adequate gaining and signal regulation circuits were used for low frequency channel to acquire low frequency broadband data,while the high frequency geophone or high frequency filters and high frequency compensation circuits were used for high frequency channel to obtain the high frequency broadband data.By using the technology the low dominant frequency signal could be fully acquired in traditional seismic exploration,while the extreme limit exploration depth for the seismic instrument could be maximized,the energy signals from the two frequency bands could be correlated and referred with each other,so that the accuracy of the seismic interpretation and processing could be raised.
引文
[1]李庆忠.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区和对策.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6):751～783
[2]潘纪顺,刘保金,朱金芳等.城市活断层高分辨率地震勘探震源对比试验研究.地震地质,2002,24(4):524～532
[3]朱德兵.广义地球物理背景与异常识别.桂林工学院学报,2002,22(3):359～364
[4]付清锋,周明.地震检波器的进展.石油仪器,2000,14(2):25～27
[5]赵永红,谢石林,胡时岳.涡流检波器动特性的研究.西安交通大学学报,2003,37(3):260～264
[6]谭绍泉,余钦范,徐锦玺等.新型陆用压电检波器在滩浅海地区地震勘探中的应用及效果.石油物探,2004,43(2):106～111
[7]赵殿栋,郑泽继,吕公河等.高分辨率地震勘探采集技术.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):262～271
[8]朱德兵,任青文.惯性式传感器性能特点与原位测试试验分析.水利水电科技进展,2004,24(5):29～33
[9]霍全明,汪洋,赵克荣.高分辨率地震勘探数据采集及其影响因素分析.煤炭学报,2001,26(2):117～121
[10]陈道宏,姚念江,许建军.高分辨率纵波采集方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):123～137
[11]赵殿栋,谭绍泉,徐锦玺等.地震采集中低截滤波的试验分析.石油物探,2001,40(2):92～97
[2]潘纪顺,刘保金,朱金芳等.城市活断层高分辨率地震勘探震源对比试验研究.地震地质,2002,24(4):524～532
[3]朱德兵.广义地球物理背景与异常识别.桂林工学院学报,2002,22(3):359～364
[4]付清锋,周明.地震检波器的进展.石油仪器,2000,14(2):25～27
[5]赵永红,谢石林,胡时岳.涡流检波器动特性的研究.西安交通大学学报,2003,37(3):260～264
[6]谭绍泉,余钦范,徐锦玺等.新型陆用压电检波器在滩浅海地区地震勘探中的应用及效果.石油物探,2004,43(2):106～111
[7]赵殿栋,郑泽继,吕公河等.高分辨率地震勘探采集技术.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):262～271
[8]朱德兵,任青文.惯性式传感器性能特点与原位测试试验分析.水利水电科技进展,2004,24(5):29～33
[9]霍全明,汪洋,赵克荣.高分辨率地震勘探数据采集及其影响因素分析.煤炭学报,2001,26(2):117～121
[10]陈道宏,姚念江,许建军.高分辨率纵波采集方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):123～137
[11]赵殿栋,谭绍泉,徐锦玺等.地震采集中低截滤波的试验分析.石油物探,2001,40(2):92～97
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