玉树地震应急管理对汶川经验的验证
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摘要
目的通过对玉树地震与汶川地震应急管理的比较,验证汶川经验,论证我国突发事件应急管理体系的进步与缺陷,为进一步完善我国突发事件应急管理体系和提升突发事件应急管理能力提供证据。方法通过从官方网站与媒体网络收集汶川地震和玉树地震相关数据和资料,以玉树地震数据和资料为基数,汶川地震为对照,对地震灾情和应急管理进行描述性比较分析。结果玉树地震紧急救援借鉴汶川救援经验;玉树应急响应更为迅速,应急救援更为高效、科学和制度化,恢复重建更为科学有序;但应急管理的预防和预警两个阶段尚无明显改观。结论汶川经验在玉树救援中发挥了重要作用并得到验证。通过玉树与汶川地震应急管理四个阶段的比较,可以看出我国在地震应急管理的预防与预警两个阶段仍有待开展与加强,响应与恢复重建两个阶段有了很大改善和提升,但依然存在不足和缺陷。
Objective In order to verify Wenchuan experience and argue the progress and defects of national emergency management system, the emergency management of Yushu earthquake was compared with that of Wenchuan earthquake.It will provide evidences for further improving the emergency management system in China.Methods The information and data of Yushu earthquake and Wenchuan earthquake were collected from the official website and media network.Based on the information and data of Yushu earthquake, it was compared with Wenchuan experience.Descriptive analysis methods were used to demonstrate the emergency management of earthquake disaster.Results With the experience gained from Wenchuan earthquake , the emergency rescue, emergency response and reconstruction, the emergency management of Yushu earthquake were more rapid , orderly and effective.However, there were no significant improvement of the prevention and early warning in the emergency management of Yushu earthquake.Conclusions Wenchuan experience played an important role in Yushu emergency rescue and it was verified in Yushu emergency response.Comparing the four phases of emergency management between Yushu earthquake and Wenchuan earthquake, we think that prevention and early warning still need to be developed and strengthened, while response and reconstruction have been greatly improved although they are still insufficient.
Objective In order to verify Wenchuan experience and argue the progress and defects of national emergency management system, the emergency management of Yushu earthquake was compared with that of Wenchuan earthquake.It will provide evidences for further improving the emergency management system in China.Methods The information and data of Yushu earthquake and Wenchuan earthquake were collected from the official website and media network.Based on the information and data of Yushu earthquake, it was compared with Wenchuan experience.Descriptive analysis methods were used to demonstrate the emergency management of earthquake disaster.Results With the experience gained from Wenchuan earthquake , the emergency rescue, emergency response and reconstruction, the emergency management of Yushu earthquake were more rapid , orderly and effective.However, there were no significant improvement of the prevention and early warning in the emergency management of Yushu earthquake.Conclusions Wenchuan experience played an important role in Yushu emergency rescue and it was verified in Yushu emergency response.Comparing the four phases of emergency management between Yushu earthquake and Wenchuan earthquake, we think that prevention and early warning still need to be developed and strengthened, while response and reconstruction have been greatly improved although they are still insufficient.
引文
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汶川和玉树地震救灾催促NGO合力联动.http://www.gongyishibao.com/news/newsshow.asp?id=3509
陈小军,萧少秋.汶川特大地震的救灾难点.http://scnews.newssc.org/system/2010/04/14/012675275_02.shtml
Wang SY,Li YH,Chi GB,et al.Injury-related fatalities in China:An under-recognised public-health problem[J].Lancet,2008,372(9651):1765-1773.
中华人民共和国第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员.中华人民共和国突发事件应对法.2007-8-30.
中华人民共和国第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国防震减灾法.2009-5-1.
邓绍林,郑尚维,石应康.从汶川经验到玉树医疗救援[J].中国循证医学杂志,2010,10(4):373-375.
姜洁,李幼平,王觅也,等.玉树与汶川地震医疗救援比较研究[J].中国循证医学杂志,2010,10(5):550-554.
王声湧．汶川地震救援与突发灾害事件的卫生应急管理[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2008,12:319-320.
王声湧．汶川地震对中国卫生防疫救援应急队伍的挑战[J].中华流行病学杂志,2008,29(7):629-630.
金磊.全球化视野的安全文化审视[N].中国建设报,2010-05-21.
徐晓宁.抗灾催生灾难医学救治体系[N].健康报,2008-10-16(4).
史培军,郭卫平,李保俊,等.减灾与可持续发展模式—从第二次世界减灾大会看中国减灾战略的调整[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(3):1-7.
构建预防救助综合体系应对巨灾风险.http://www.cnstock.com/jrpl/2008-05/20/content_3332006.htm
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