汶川地震房屋倒塌的遥感监测与分析
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摘要
地震灾害中房屋倒塌受害程度表征了地震作用下地面运动的强度大小以及地震灾害造成的人员经济损失状况。2008-05-12汶川大地震震级高达八级,最大烈度接近极限达11(Ⅺ)度,波及区域范围广,造成大面积房屋倒塌。利用航空高分辨率光学遥感图像,基于房屋倒塌的图像目视判读及插值方法获取了大面积受灾区房屋倒塌灾情信息,结合灾区地震烈度和地震地表破裂带相关数据对房屋倒塌受害程度的空间变化特征进行了分析与评价。判明在汶川地震灾区房屋普遍受害,其中以汶川县房屋倒塌受害最重,其次是绵竹市、什邡市、彭州市。房倒率与地震烈度成线性对应关系,房屋倒塌严重区沿龙门山断裂呈西南-东北向分布。
Information of houses collapsed by the earthquake is one of the important indicators to assess the earthquake dam- age intensity, and support the emergency decision-making process in rescue and recovery operations. We monitored the house collapse ratio and its spatial variation in the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake by airborne images, and analyzed its spatial variation relationship with the earthquake intensity, geological structure, stratum lithology and surface rupture caused by the earthquake. The house collapse ratio was derived by visually interpreting ADS40 airborne images acquired from May 15 to May 28, 2008. The results show that the houses were widely damaged in the earthquake-damaged region, especially in Wenchuan County, Mianzhu City, Shifang City, and Pengzhou City and Wenchuan County which experienced the severest damage. We analyzed the spatial variation of the house collapse ratio and its relationship with earthquake intensity, geological structure, stratum lithology and surface rupture caused by earthquake. The results demonstrate that the house collapse ratio and the earthquake intensity have positive relationship, and the ratio of house collapse is controlled by the geological structure, stratum lithology, and building structure too. The house collapse ratios, which are above 50%, mainly distributed along the surface rupture in a SW to NE direction.
Information of houses collapsed by the earthquake is one of the important indicators to assess the earthquake dam- age intensity, and support the emergency decision-making process in rescue and recovery operations. We monitored the house collapse ratio and its spatial variation in the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake by airborne images, and analyzed its spatial variation relationship with the earthquake intensity, geological structure, stratum lithology and surface rupture caused by the earthquake. The house collapse ratio was derived by visually interpreting ADS40 airborne images acquired from May 15 to May 28, 2008. The results show that the houses were widely damaged in the earthquake-damaged region, especially in Wenchuan County, Mianzhu City, Shifang City, and Pengzhou City and Wenchuan County which experienced the severest damage. We analyzed the spatial variation of the house collapse ratio and its relationship with earthquake intensity, geological structure, stratum lithology and surface rupture caused by earthquake. The results demonstrate that the house collapse ratio and the earthquake intensity have positive relationship, and the ratio of house collapse is controlled by the geological structure, stratum lithology, and building structure too. The house collapse ratios, which are above 50%, mainly distributed along the surface rupture in a SW to NE direction.
引文
Chen Y T,Xu L S,Zhang Y,Du H L,Feng W P,Liu C and Li C L.2008.Preliminary research and investigation reports for Wen-chuan Earthquake.http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/chenyuntai.pdf(2008-11-03)
Fan Y D,Yang S Q,Wang L,Wang W,Nie J and Zhang B J.2008.Study on urgent monitoring and assessment in Wenchuan Earthquake.Journal of Remote Sensing,12(6):858—864
Hasegawa H,Yamazaki F and Matsuoka M.2001.Visual detection of building damage due to the1995Hyogoken-Nanbu Earth-quake using aerial HDTV images.Proc.Japan Society of Civil Engineers,682/I-56:257—265
Li D R,Chen X L and Cai X B.2008.Spatial information tech-niques in rapid response to Wenchuan Earthquake.Journal of Remote Sensing,12(6):841—851
Liu J H,Shan X J and Yin J Y.2004.Automatic recognition of damaged town buildings caused by earthquake using remote sensing information:taking the2001Bhuj,India,earthquake and the1976Tangshan,China,earthquake as examples.Acta Seismological Sinica,26(6):623—633
Tokyo Metropolitan Government,TMG’s Disaster Prevention Information.2006.http://www.bousai.metro.tokyo.jp/japanese/knowledge/pdf/h18choka/shuho2.pdf
Xu X W,Wen X Z,Ye J Q,Ma B Q,Chen J,Zhou R J,He H L,Tian Q J,He Y L,Wang Z C,Sun Z M,Feng X J,Yu G H,Chen L C,Chen G H,Yu S E,Ran Y K,Li X G,Li C X and An Y F.2008.The Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface rupture and its seis-mogenic structure.Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629
Yang Z and Cheng J Y.1993.Survry of earthquake disasters by airborne remote sensing in Nanchang and Gengma area.Remote Sesnsing for Land&Resources,15(1):17—23
Yang Z and Cheng J Y.1994.Correlation analysis of percentage of collapsing houses and seismic iniensity of Tangshan earth-quake.Seismology and Geology,16(3):283—288
Zhang J X,Liu Z J and Liu J P.2008.Remote sensing monitoring of the Wenchuan Earthquake disaster Situation and the information service system.Journal of Remote Sensing,12(6):871—876
Zhang Y,Feng W P,Xu L S,Zhou C H and Chen Y T.2008.The temporal-spatial process of Whenchuan earthquake rupture in2008.Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences),38(10):1186—1194
陈运泰,许力生,张勇,杜海林,冯万鹏,刘超,李春来.2008.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告.中国地震信息网http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/chenyuntai.pdf
范一大,杨思全,王磊,王薇,聂娟,张宝军.2008.汶川地震应急监测评估方法研究.遥感学报,12(6):858—864
李德仁,陈晓玲,蔡晓斌.2008.空间信息技术用于汶川地震救灾.遥感学报,12(6):841—851
柳稼航,单新建,尹京苑.2004.遥感图像自动识别城市震害房屋——以2001年印度库奇地震和1976年唐山地震为例.地震学报,26(6):623—633
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,马保起,陈杰,周荣军,何宏林,田勤俭,何玉林,王志才,孙昭民,冯希杰,于贵华,陈立春,陈桂华,于慎鄂,冉勇康,李细光,李陈侠,安艳芬.2008.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,30(3):597—629
杨喆,程家喻.1993.澜沧—耿马地灾情航空遥感调查.国土资源遥感,15(1):17—23
杨喆,程家喻.1994.唐山地震房倒率与烈度相关分析.地震地质,16(3):283—288
张继贤,刘正军,刘纪平.2008.汶川大地震灾情综合地理信息遥感监测与信息服务系统.遥感学报,12(6):871—876
张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,周成虎,陈运泰.2008.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),38(10):1186—1194
Fan Y D,Yang S Q,Wang L,Wang W,Nie J and Zhang B J.2008.Study on urgent monitoring and assessment in Wenchuan Earthquake.Journal of Remote Sensing,12(6):858—864
Hasegawa H,Yamazaki F and Matsuoka M.2001.Visual detection of building damage due to the1995Hyogoken-Nanbu Earth-quake using aerial HDTV images.Proc.Japan Society of Civil Engineers,682/I-56:257—265
Li D R,Chen X L and Cai X B.2008.Spatial information tech-niques in rapid response to Wenchuan Earthquake.Journal of Remote Sensing,12(6):841—851
Liu J H,Shan X J and Yin J Y.2004.Automatic recognition of damaged town buildings caused by earthquake using remote sensing information:taking the2001Bhuj,India,earthquake and the1976Tangshan,China,earthquake as examples.Acta Seismological Sinica,26(6):623—633
Tokyo Metropolitan Government,TMG’s Disaster Prevention Information.2006.http://www.bousai.metro.tokyo.jp/japanese/knowledge/pdf/h18choka/shuho2.pdf
Xu X W,Wen X Z,Ye J Q,Ma B Q,Chen J,Zhou R J,He H L,Tian Q J,He Y L,Wang Z C,Sun Z M,Feng X J,Yu G H,Chen L C,Chen G H,Yu S E,Ran Y K,Li X G,Li C X and An Y F.2008.The Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface rupture and its seis-mogenic structure.Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629
Yang Z and Cheng J Y.1993.Survry of earthquake disasters by airborne remote sensing in Nanchang and Gengma area.Remote Sesnsing for Land&Resources,15(1):17—23
Yang Z and Cheng J Y.1994.Correlation analysis of percentage of collapsing houses and seismic iniensity of Tangshan earth-quake.Seismology and Geology,16(3):283—288
Zhang J X,Liu Z J and Liu J P.2008.Remote sensing monitoring of the Wenchuan Earthquake disaster Situation and the information service system.Journal of Remote Sensing,12(6):871—876
Zhang Y,Feng W P,Xu L S,Zhou C H and Chen Y T.2008.The temporal-spatial process of Whenchuan earthquake rupture in2008.Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences),38(10):1186—1194
陈运泰,许力生,张勇,杜海林,冯万鹏,刘超,李春来.2008.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告.中国地震信息网http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/chenyuntai.pdf
范一大,杨思全,王磊,王薇,聂娟,张宝军.2008.汶川地震应急监测评估方法研究.遥感学报,12(6):858—864
李德仁,陈晓玲,蔡晓斌.2008.空间信息技术用于汶川地震救灾.遥感学报,12(6):841—851
柳稼航,单新建,尹京苑.2004.遥感图像自动识别城市震害房屋——以2001年印度库奇地震和1976年唐山地震为例.地震学报,26(6):623—633
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,马保起,陈杰,周荣军,何宏林,田勤俭,何玉林,王志才,孙昭民,冯希杰,于贵华,陈立春,陈桂华,于慎鄂,冉勇康,李细光,李陈侠,安艳芬.2008.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,30(3):597—629
杨喆,程家喻.1993.澜沧—耿马地灾情航空遥感调查.国土资源遥感,15(1):17—23
杨喆,程家喻.1994.唐山地震房倒率与烈度相关分析.地震地质,16(3):283—288
张继贤,刘正军,刘纪平.2008.汶川大地震灾情综合地理信息遥感监测与信息服务系统.遥感学报,12(6):871—876
张勇,冯万鹏,许力生,周成虎,陈运泰.2008.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),38(10):1186—1194
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