HRT地震前兆波及其机制(英文)
|
摘要
PS-100仪器是我们研制的抗干扰性能极强的、新一代高精密度地电测量系统.设在川滇地区的一个 PS100台网于苏门答腊海啸大地震前记录到HRT前兆波动.本文将主要分析报道来自震源区的这种前兆波,特别是其传播特性.潮汐力驱动的谐和振荡波(HT波)具有与潮汐力相同的周期(如MS_f,K_1,M_2等),但其振幅却仅在震前(约3个月)才出现异常增大;潮汐力驱动的共振振荡波(RT波),出现主震前2天(北京时2004-12-24的10时),RT波分为纵波与横波.初步确定其纵波波速V_1约为307 km/h,横波波速V_s约为126 km/h.它们可能是在地壳多孔岩石孔隙流体中以声模式传播的一类波.对RT波,苏门答腊主震断层系统的固有周期T_0约为5～6 h,其幅度可达2.9%(超出观测标准偏差17倍),成为极其显著的异常.RT波通常以突然急剧变化的方式达到其峰值.震源区多孔介质的固体基质骨架与其间孔隙流体的耦合振动满足共振条件时,即从震中区同时发射出(纵、横)RT波.苏门答腊M_w 9.0级地震前首次记录到RT波,此后已在20余次强震前记录到HRT波.诸强震前所记的HRT波彼此可以很好地对比,表现出一定的重复性、一致性和规律性.汶川M_s8.0级地震前,当时唯一仍在工作的红格台(距震中465 km),也记录到HRT波.我们还在震前发现红格台于2008年5月12日凌晨(0～5时)记录到与汶川地震有成因联系的、显著临震信息.(从2004年在川滇地区增设PS100台网捕捉地方强震的短临前兆开始,到汶川地震前发现红格台记录到临震信息的)这些事实有力地证明:HRT前兆波是客观存在的;地震,特别是强震是有前兆的;是可以预测、预报的,在不太远的将来,实现强震的短临预报是可行的.如果有一布设合理的PS-100台网,根据震前所记RT波,提前1～3天定量地预测强震的三要素是可能的.
The PS100 system is a newly developed anti-interference high-precision geoelectric measurement system. A network of PS100 stations in Sichuan and Yunnan, China has recorded the HRT precursor wave to the M_w9.0 Sumatra tsunami earthquake.In this article we only analyze and report the precursor wave from the epicentral area, especially the characteristics of its propagation.Harmonic oscillation waves driven by tidal forces (HT waves) with periods of tidal forces (e.g.MS_f, K_1 , M_2 , etc) and increased amplitude anomaly had appeared about 3 months before the Sumatra earthquake;resonance oscillation waves driven by tidal forces (RT waves) had appeared 2 days before the earthquake (i.e.2004-12-24, 10:00 BJT).The RT waves contained longitudinal waves and transverse waves.As preliminarily estimated, velocity of the longitudinal waves was V_l≈307 km/h, and velocity of the transverse waves was V_t≈126 km/h, which were an acoustic mode wave propagating in the pore fluids in the porous rocks of the crust.For the RT waves, the natural period of the fault system was T_0 =5～6 h;the amplitude was as large as 2.9% (17 times higher than the standard deviation of the observations), so that the anomaly was very remarkable;the peak change was exceptionally sudden and sharp.The RT waves started from the hypocenter were emitted by the fact that the porous solid network system couples to the fluid in its pores and the condition of resonance is met.This is the first record of precursor wave.Thereafter, we have captured HRT waves from more than twenty strong earthquakes, which are well-matched and show repeatability, consistency and regularity.Before the Wenchuan M_s8.0 earthquake, we recorded the HRT precursor wave at the only operating station in Hongge (HG, Δ=465 km).We found that the significant impending signal has a causal relationship with the Wenchuan earthquake, which recorded at the HG station in the early morning (0～5AM) of 12th/May/2008.These facts demonstrated that the HRT precursor waves do exist and an earthquake, particularly a strong earthquake, has precursors, and it is predictable.Short-term or impending earthquake prediction is feasible in the near future.If we have a reasonably designed network of PS100 stations, it will be possible to quantitatively predict the three factors of certain strong earthquakes 1～3 days in advance, according to the appearance of RT wave before the earthquake.
The PS100 system is a newly developed anti-interference high-precision geoelectric measurement system. A network of PS100 stations in Sichuan and Yunnan, China has recorded the HRT precursor wave to the M_w9.0 Sumatra tsunami earthquake.In this article we only analyze and report the precursor wave from the epicentral area, especially the characteristics of its propagation.Harmonic oscillation waves driven by tidal forces (HT waves) with periods of tidal forces (e.g.MS_f, K_1 , M_2 , etc) and increased amplitude anomaly had appeared about 3 months before the Sumatra earthquake;resonance oscillation waves driven by tidal forces (RT waves) had appeared 2 days before the earthquake (i.e.2004-12-24, 10:00 BJT).The RT waves contained longitudinal waves and transverse waves.As preliminarily estimated, velocity of the longitudinal waves was V_l≈307 km/h, and velocity of the transverse waves was V_t≈126 km/h, which were an acoustic mode wave propagating in the pore fluids in the porous rocks of the crust.For the RT waves, the natural period of the fault system was T_0 =5～6 h;the amplitude was as large as 2.9% (17 times higher than the standard deviation of the observations), so that the anomaly was very remarkable;the peak change was exceptionally sudden and sharp.The RT waves started from the hypocenter were emitted by the fact that the porous solid network system couples to the fluid in its pores and the condition of resonance is met.This is the first record of precursor wave.Thereafter, we have captured HRT waves from more than twenty strong earthquakes, which are well-matched and show repeatability, consistency and regularity.Before the Wenchuan M_s8.0 earthquake, we recorded the HRT precursor wave at the only operating station in Hongge (HG, Δ=465 km).We found that the significant impending signal has a causal relationship with the Wenchuan earthquake, which recorded at the HG station in the early morning (0～5AM) of 12th/May/2008.These facts demonstrated that the HRT precursor waves do exist and an earthquake, particularly a strong earthquake, has precursors, and it is predictable.Short-term or impending earthquake prediction is feasible in the near future.If we have a reasonably designed network of PS100 stations, it will be possible to quantitatively predict the three factors of certain strong earthquakes 1～3 days in advance, according to the appearance of RT wave before the earthquake.
引文
[1] Zhao Y L,Qian F Y.Geoelectric precursors to strong earthquakes in China.Tectonophysics,1994,233:99～113
[2] 赵玉林,钱复业.唐山7． 8级强震前震中周围形变电阻率的下降异常.地球物理学报,1978,21(3) :181～190 Zhao Y L,Qian F Y.Electrical resistivity anomaly observed in and around the epicentre area prior to the Tangshan M7． 8 earthquake of 1976． Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese with English Abstract),1978,21(3) :181～190
[3] Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Yu M M,et al.Geo-electric receptivity anomalies before earthquakes.Sci Sinica(Ser B),1983,26(3) :326～336
[4] Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Lu J.Georesistivity precursors to the Tangshan earthquake of 1976． Anneli di Goofisica,1997,40(2) :251～260
[5] Gu G X.On the strategy of earthquake prediction.In:Coulomb J eds.Source Mechanism and Earthquake Prediction.Paris,1980． 99～107
[6] 赵玉林,钱复业.唐山地震前后形变电阻率的脉冲.地球物理学报,1979,22(1) :25～31 Zhao Y L,Qian F Y.Short duration resistivity variations before and after the M=7． 8 Tangshan earthquake.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese with English Abstract),1979,22(1) :25～31
[7] 赵玉林,钱复业.唐山地震前后自然电场的周期变化.地震学报,1982,4(3) :264～272 Zhao Y L,Qian F Y.On certain periodic variations of the telluric electric field before and after the 1976 Tangshan M7． 8 earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese with English Abstract),1982,4(3) :264～272
[8] Zhao Y L,Zhao B R,Qian F Y.Electrical streaming potential precursors to catastrophic earthquakes in China.Anneli di Geo fisica,1997,40(2) :241～250
[9] Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Xu T C,et al.A model of an impending-earthquake precursor of geoelectricity triggered by tidal forces.Phys Earth Planet Int,1990,62:284～297
[10] Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Teisseyre R.Periodic anomalies of the telluric electric field before the Tangshan earthquake and a model of electrokinetic precursor triggered by tidal forces.Acta Geoph ysica Polonica,1990,38(3) :245～256
[11] 赵璧如,赵健,张洪魁等.PS100型IP到端可控源高精度大地电测仪--CDMA技术首次在地电阻率测量中的应用.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :675～682 Zhao B R,Zhao J,Zhang H K,et al.The PS-100 high precision earth electricity measurement system(IP to IP)with controllable source-application of CDMA technology to the measurement of earth resistivity for the first time. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese with English Abstract),2006,21(2) :675～682
[12] 钱复业,赵玉林.关于“川滇地区1～3年可能发生特大地震的地电学方法监测应急措施方案”的建议(2003年12月).国际地震动态,2008,(8) :1～12 Qian F Y,Zhao Y L.A suggestion on monitoring geoelectric precursors in the earthquake risk region in Sichuan and Yunnan Province.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese with English Abstract),2008,(8) :1～12
[13] Zhang H K,Zhao B R,Zhao Y L,et al.PS100 antiinterference electrical observation system and its application to earthquake prediction study.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31(4-9) :172～181
[14] 赵玉林,赵璧如,钱卫等.印尼M_w 9． 0级地震的短临地电波(声波:潮汐力谐振共振波,HRT波)波动前兆-HRT波法进行短临地震准确预测可能性的探讨.国际地震动态,2006,(8) :6～21 Zhao Y L,Zhao B R,Qian W,et al.HRT wave precursor to the Sumatra earthquake:the feasibility of accurate earthquake prediction.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese with English Abstract),2006,(8) :6～21
[15] Qian F Y,Zhao B R,Qian W,et al.Impending HRT wave precursors to the Wenchuan M_s 8． 0 earthquake and methods of earthquake impending prediction by using HRT wave.Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences),2009,52(10) :1572～1584
[16] 钱复业,赵玉林,许同春.地电阻率季节干扰变化分析.地震学报,1987,9(3) :289～302 Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Xu T C.An analysis of the seasonal variation of disturbance in georesistivity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese with English abstract),1987,9(3) :289～302
[17] Lu J,Qian F Y,Zhao Y L.Sensitivity analysis of the Schlumberger monitoring array:application to changes of resistivity prior to the 1976 earthquake in Tangshan,China.Tectonophysics,1999,238:397～405
[18] Sibson R H.Condition for fault-valve behavior.In:Knipe R J,Rutter E H ed.Deformation Mechanisms,Rheology and Tectonics.London:Geological Society,1990． 15～28
[19] Park S K,Johnston T R,Morgan F D,et al.Electromagnetic precursors to earthquakes in the ULF band:a review of observations and mechanisms.Rev Geophys,1993,31(2) :117～132
[20] Byerlee J.Model for episodic of high-pressure water in fault zones before earthquakes.Geology,1993,21:303～306
[21] Nur A.The study of relations between deformation and forces in the Earth.Proceedings of the Third Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics,Theme 2:Tectonophysics.Denver,1974． 243～317
[22] Madden T R.Electrical measurement as stress-strain monitors.Proceedings of Conference Ⅶ,Stress and Strain Measurements Related to Earthquake Prediction.USGS Open File Rep,1978． 301～374
[23] Brace W F,Walsh J B,Frangos W F.Permeability of granite under high pressure.J Geophys Res,1968,73(6) :2225～2236
[24] Morrow C,Brace W F.Electrical resistivity changes in tuffs due to stress.JGeophysRes,1981,86:2929～2934
[25] Wang C Y.Electrical resistivity changes in during frictional sliding and fracture.Pure Appl Geophys,1978,116(4-5) :717～731
[26] Fitterman D V.Theory of electrokinetic-magnetic anomalies in a faulted half space.J Geophys Res,1979,84:6031～6040
[27] Fenoglio M A,Johston M J S,Byelee J D.Magnetic and electric fields associated with changes in high pore pressure in fault sources:application to the Lama Prieta ULF emissions.J Geophys Res,1995,100(B7) :12951～12958
[28] Corwin R F,Morrison H F.Self-potential variations preceding earthquakes in central California.Geophys Res Lett,1977,4:171～174
[29] Mizutani H.Electrokinetie phenomena associated with earthquakes.Geophys Res Lett,1976,3(7) :365～368
[30] Sobolev G A.Application of electric method to the tentative short-term forecast of Kamchatka earthquake.Pure Appl Geophys,1975,113:229～235
[31] Varotsos P,Alexpooulo K.Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the Earth preceding earthquakes.Tectonophysics,1984,110:73～98
[32] 方崇智,萧德云.过程辨识.北京:清华大学出版社,1998． 1～562 Fang C Z,Xiao D Y.Process Identification(in Chinese).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1998． 1～562
[33] Morse P M,Ingerd K U.Theoretical Acoustics.New York:McGraw Hill,1968
[34] 陈颙.地壳岩石的力学性能--理论基础与实验方法.北京:地震出版社,1988． 1～400 Chen Y.Mechanical Properties of Crust Rocks(Basic Theory and Experimental Techniques)(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1988． 1～400
[35] Jaeger J C,Cook N G W.Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics,Third Edition.London:Chapmen and Hall,1979． 1～690
[36] Zhao Y L,Qian F Y,Yang T C,et al.Experiments in situ of electrical resistivity changes.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1983,5(2) :217～225
[37] 赵玉林,钱复业,许同春.岩土层受力时电阻率变化与应变的关系.地震学报,1990,12(1) :87～93 Zhao Y L,Qian F Y,Xu T C.The relationship between resistivity variation and strain in load-bearing rock-soil layer.Acta Seismologlca Sinica(in Chinese with English Abstract),1990,12(1) :87～93
[38] Zhao Y L,Qian F Y,Stopinskiw W.In situ experiments and relationship between the electrical resistivity changes and the strain.Acta Geophysica Polonica,1990,38(3) :229～243
[39] Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Huang Y N.Calculation of the parameters of georesistivity anisotropy and case history of earthquake precursors.Acta Selsmologica Sinica,1996,9(4) :617～627
[40] 郭增建,秦保燕,徐文耀等.震源孕育模式的初步探讨.地球物理学报,1973,16:43～48 Kuo T K,Chin P Y,Hsu W Y,et al.Preliminary study on a model for the development of the focus of an earthquake.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),1973,16:43～48
[41] Zhang Y,Feng W P,Xu L S,et al.Spatial-temporal rupture process of the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake.Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,2009,52(2) :1～10
[42] 赵玉林,卢军,张洪魁等.电测量在中国地震预报中的应用.地震地质,2001,23(2) :277～285 Zhao Y L,Lu J,Zhang H K,et al.The application of electrical measurements to earthquake prediction in China.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese with English abstract),2001,23(2) :277～285
[43] Zhao Y L,Li Z N,Qian F Y,et al.Synthetic criterion for judging the transition geoelectric precursors from mediumterm stage to short-term/imminent stage.Journal of Earthquake Prediction Research,1996,5(4) :594～601
[44] 钱复业,赵玉林.地电场短临预报方法研究.地震,2005,25(2) :33～40 Qian F Y,Zhao Y L.Study on geoelectric field method for short-term and impending earthquake prediction.Earthquake (in Chinese with English Abstract),2005,25(2) :33～40
[45] 钱复业,赵玉林,刘捷等.唐山7． 8级地震地电阻率临震功率谱异常.地震,1990,(3) :33～38 Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Liu J,et al.Power spectrum anomaly of earth resistivity immediately before Tangshan earthquake M7． 8． Earthquake(in Chinese with English Abstract),1990,(3) :33～38
[46] 钱复业,赵玉林,赵耀臣等.地电短临前兆产生机理及一种新的短临预报方法(谐振预报法).华北地震科学,1996,14(3) :1～9 Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Zhao Y C,et al.Mechanism for generation of geoelectric precursors and a new method of short-term or impending earthquake prediction:resonance.North China Earthquake Science(in Chinese with English Abstract),1996,14(3) :1～9
[47] 张洪魁.地电幕式变化及其与地震的关系.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(增刊):90～95 Zhang H K.Sequence variation of geoelectric data and its correlation to earthquakes.Oil Geophys Prospect(in Chinese),2004,39(Suppl):90～95
[48] 黄清华,刘涛.新岛台地电场的潮汐响应与地震.地球物理学报,2006,46(6) :1745～1754 Huang Q H,Liu T.Earthquakes and tide response of geoelectric potential field at the Niijima station.Chinese J Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,46(6) :1745～1754
[49] Huang Q.Seismicity changes prior to the M_s 8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China.Geophys Res Lett,2008,35,L23308,doi:10． 1029/2008GL036270
[50] Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Wang L F,et al.Evidence of crustal‘channel flow’ in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau from MT measurements.Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(12) :1887～1893
[51] 赵国泽,陈小斌,肖骑彬等.汶川M_s 8． 0级地震成因三“层次”分析--基于深部电性结构.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :553～563 Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Xiao Q B,et al.Generation mechanism of Wenchuan strong earthquake of M_s 8． 0 inferred from EM measurements in three levels.Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),2009,52(2) :553～563
[52] 赵国泽,陆建勋.利用人工源超低频电磁波监测地震的试验和分析.中国工程科学,2003,5(10) :27～33 Zhao G Z,Lu J X.Monitoring and analysis of earthquake phenomena by artificial SLF waves.Engineering Science(in Chinese),2003,5(10) :27～33
[53] Huang Q.Controlled analogue experiments on propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals.Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(17) :1956～1961
[54] Huang Q.One possible generation mechanism of co-seismic electric signals.Proceedings of the Japan Academy,2002,78(7) :173～178
[55] Du A,Huang Q,Yang S.Epicenter location by abnormal ULF electromagnetic emissions.Geophys Res Lett,2002,29(10) :1455,doi:10． 1029/2001GL013616
[56] Huang Q,Ikeya M.Seismic electromagnetic signals(SEMS)explained by a simulation experiment using electromagnetic waves.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1998,109(3-4) :107～114
[57] Huang Q,Ikeya M.Experimental study on the propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals(SEMS)using a minigeographic model of the Taiwan strait.Episodes,1999,22(4) :289～294
[58] 钱复业,卢振业,丁鉴海等.电磁学分析预报方法.北京:地震出版社,1998． 1～227 Qian F Y,Lu Z Y,Ding J H,et al.Analysis and Prediction Methods of Geo-electricity and Geo-magnetic(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1998． 1～227
[59] 钱复业,赵玉林,陈英方. 地震预测——地电方法论文集，福州：福建科学技术出版社，1985.1～321 Qian F Y, Zhao Y L, Chen Y F. Collect Works fo Earthquake Prediction-Geoelectric Methods (in Chinese). Fuzhou: Science and Technology Press of Fujian, 1985.1～321
[2] 赵玉林,钱复业.唐山7． 8级强震前震中周围形变电阻率的下降异常.地球物理学报,1978,21(3) :181～190 Zhao Y L,Qian F Y.Electrical resistivity anomaly observed in and around the epicentre area prior to the Tangshan M7． 8 earthquake of 1976． Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese with English Abstract),1978,21(3) :181～190
[3] Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Yu M M,et al.Geo-electric receptivity anomalies before earthquakes.Sci Sinica(Ser B),1983,26(3) :326～336
[4] Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Lu J.Georesistivity precursors to the Tangshan earthquake of 1976． Anneli di Goofisica,1997,40(2) :251～260
[5] Gu G X.On the strategy of earthquake prediction.In:Coulomb J eds.Source Mechanism and Earthquake Prediction.Paris,1980． 99～107
[6] 赵玉林,钱复业.唐山地震前后形变电阻率的脉冲.地球物理学报,1979,22(1) :25～31 Zhao Y L,Qian F Y.Short duration resistivity variations before and after the M=7． 8 Tangshan earthquake.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese with English Abstract),1979,22(1) :25～31
[7] 赵玉林,钱复业.唐山地震前后自然电场的周期变化.地震学报,1982,4(3) :264～272 Zhao Y L,Qian F Y.On certain periodic variations of the telluric electric field before and after the 1976 Tangshan M7． 8 earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese with English Abstract),1982,4(3) :264～272
[8] Zhao Y L,Zhao B R,Qian F Y.Electrical streaming potential precursors to catastrophic earthquakes in China.Anneli di Geo fisica,1997,40(2) :241～250
[9] Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Xu T C,et al.A model of an impending-earthquake precursor of geoelectricity triggered by tidal forces.Phys Earth Planet Int,1990,62:284～297
[10] Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Teisseyre R.Periodic anomalies of the telluric electric field before the Tangshan earthquake and a model of electrokinetic precursor triggered by tidal forces.Acta Geoph ysica Polonica,1990,38(3) :245～256
[11] 赵璧如,赵健,张洪魁等.PS100型IP到端可控源高精度大地电测仪--CDMA技术首次在地电阻率测量中的应用.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :675～682 Zhao B R,Zhao J,Zhang H K,et al.The PS-100 high precision earth electricity measurement system(IP to IP)with controllable source-application of CDMA technology to the measurement of earth resistivity for the first time. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese with English Abstract),2006,21(2) :675～682
[12] 钱复业,赵玉林.关于“川滇地区1～3年可能发生特大地震的地电学方法监测应急措施方案”的建议(2003年12月).国际地震动态,2008,(8) :1～12 Qian F Y,Zhao Y L.A suggestion on monitoring geoelectric precursors in the earthquake risk region in Sichuan and Yunnan Province.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese with English Abstract),2008,(8) :1～12
[13] Zhang H K,Zhao B R,Zhao Y L,et al.PS100 antiinterference electrical observation system and its application to earthquake prediction study.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31(4-9) :172～181
[14] 赵玉林,赵璧如,钱卫等.印尼M_w 9． 0级地震的短临地电波(声波:潮汐力谐振共振波,HRT波)波动前兆-HRT波法进行短临地震准确预测可能性的探讨.国际地震动态,2006,(8) :6～21 Zhao Y L,Zhao B R,Qian W,et al.HRT wave precursor to the Sumatra earthquake:the feasibility of accurate earthquake prediction.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese with English Abstract),2006,(8) :6～21
[15] Qian F Y,Zhao B R,Qian W,et al.Impending HRT wave precursors to the Wenchuan M_s 8． 0 earthquake and methods of earthquake impending prediction by using HRT wave.Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences),2009,52(10) :1572～1584
[16] 钱复业,赵玉林,许同春.地电阻率季节干扰变化分析.地震学报,1987,9(3) :289～302 Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Xu T C.An analysis of the seasonal variation of disturbance in georesistivity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese with English abstract),1987,9(3) :289～302
[17] Lu J,Qian F Y,Zhao Y L.Sensitivity analysis of the Schlumberger monitoring array:application to changes of resistivity prior to the 1976 earthquake in Tangshan,China.Tectonophysics,1999,238:397～405
[18] Sibson R H.Condition for fault-valve behavior.In:Knipe R J,Rutter E H ed.Deformation Mechanisms,Rheology and Tectonics.London:Geological Society,1990． 15～28
[19] Park S K,Johnston T R,Morgan F D,et al.Electromagnetic precursors to earthquakes in the ULF band:a review of observations and mechanisms.Rev Geophys,1993,31(2) :117～132
[20] Byerlee J.Model for episodic of high-pressure water in fault zones before earthquakes.Geology,1993,21:303～306
[21] Nur A.The study of relations between deformation and forces in the Earth.Proceedings of the Third Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics,Theme 2:Tectonophysics.Denver,1974． 243～317
[22] Madden T R.Electrical measurement as stress-strain monitors.Proceedings of Conference Ⅶ,Stress and Strain Measurements Related to Earthquake Prediction.USGS Open File Rep,1978． 301～374
[23] Brace W F,Walsh J B,Frangos W F.Permeability of granite under high pressure.J Geophys Res,1968,73(6) :2225～2236
[24] Morrow C,Brace W F.Electrical resistivity changes in tuffs due to stress.JGeophysRes,1981,86:2929～2934
[25] Wang C Y.Electrical resistivity changes in during frictional sliding and fracture.Pure Appl Geophys,1978,116(4-5) :717～731
[26] Fitterman D V.Theory of electrokinetic-magnetic anomalies in a faulted half space.J Geophys Res,1979,84:6031～6040
[27] Fenoglio M A,Johston M J S,Byelee J D.Magnetic and electric fields associated with changes in high pore pressure in fault sources:application to the Lama Prieta ULF emissions.J Geophys Res,1995,100(B7) :12951～12958
[28] Corwin R F,Morrison H F.Self-potential variations preceding earthquakes in central California.Geophys Res Lett,1977,4:171～174
[29] Mizutani H.Electrokinetie phenomena associated with earthquakes.Geophys Res Lett,1976,3(7) :365～368
[30] Sobolev G A.Application of electric method to the tentative short-term forecast of Kamchatka earthquake.Pure Appl Geophys,1975,113:229～235
[31] Varotsos P,Alexpooulo K.Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the Earth preceding earthquakes.Tectonophysics,1984,110:73～98
[32] 方崇智,萧德云.过程辨识.北京:清华大学出版社,1998． 1～562 Fang C Z,Xiao D Y.Process Identification(in Chinese).Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1998． 1～562
[33] Morse P M,Ingerd K U.Theoretical Acoustics.New York:McGraw Hill,1968
[34] 陈颙.地壳岩石的力学性能--理论基础与实验方法.北京:地震出版社,1988． 1～400 Chen Y.Mechanical Properties of Crust Rocks(Basic Theory and Experimental Techniques)(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1988． 1～400
[35] Jaeger J C,Cook N G W.Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics,Third Edition.London:Chapmen and Hall,1979． 1～690
[36] Zhao Y L,Qian F Y,Yang T C,et al.Experiments in situ of electrical resistivity changes.Acta Seismologica Sinica,1983,5(2) :217～225
[37] 赵玉林,钱复业,许同春.岩土层受力时电阻率变化与应变的关系.地震学报,1990,12(1) :87～93 Zhao Y L,Qian F Y,Xu T C.The relationship between resistivity variation and strain in load-bearing rock-soil layer.Acta Seismologlca Sinica(in Chinese with English Abstract),1990,12(1) :87～93
[38] Zhao Y L,Qian F Y,Stopinskiw W.In situ experiments and relationship between the electrical resistivity changes and the strain.Acta Geophysica Polonica,1990,38(3) :229～243
[39] Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Huang Y N.Calculation of the parameters of georesistivity anisotropy and case history of earthquake precursors.Acta Selsmologica Sinica,1996,9(4) :617～627
[40] 郭增建,秦保燕,徐文耀等.震源孕育模式的初步探讨.地球物理学报,1973,16:43～48 Kuo T K,Chin P Y,Hsu W Y,et al.Preliminary study on a model for the development of the focus of an earthquake.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),1973,16:43～48
[41] Zhang Y,Feng W P,Xu L S,et al.Spatial-temporal rupture process of the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake.Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci,2009,52(2) :1～10
[42] 赵玉林,卢军,张洪魁等.电测量在中国地震预报中的应用.地震地质,2001,23(2) :277～285 Zhao Y L,Lu J,Zhang H K,et al.The application of electrical measurements to earthquake prediction in China.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese with English abstract),2001,23(2) :277～285
[43] Zhao Y L,Li Z N,Qian F Y,et al.Synthetic criterion for judging the transition geoelectric precursors from mediumterm stage to short-term/imminent stage.Journal of Earthquake Prediction Research,1996,5(4) :594～601
[44] 钱复业,赵玉林.地电场短临预报方法研究.地震,2005,25(2) :33～40 Qian F Y,Zhao Y L.Study on geoelectric field method for short-term and impending earthquake prediction.Earthquake (in Chinese with English Abstract),2005,25(2) :33～40
[45] 钱复业,赵玉林,刘捷等.唐山7． 8级地震地电阻率临震功率谱异常.地震,1990,(3) :33～38 Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Liu J,et al.Power spectrum anomaly of earth resistivity immediately before Tangshan earthquake M7． 8． Earthquake(in Chinese with English Abstract),1990,(3) :33～38
[46] 钱复业,赵玉林,赵耀臣等.地电短临前兆产生机理及一种新的短临预报方法(谐振预报法).华北地震科学,1996,14(3) :1～9 Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Zhao Y C,et al.Mechanism for generation of geoelectric precursors and a new method of short-term or impending earthquake prediction:resonance.North China Earthquake Science(in Chinese with English Abstract),1996,14(3) :1～9
[47] 张洪魁.地电幕式变化及其与地震的关系.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(增刊):90～95 Zhang H K.Sequence variation of geoelectric data and its correlation to earthquakes.Oil Geophys Prospect(in Chinese),2004,39(Suppl):90～95
[48] 黄清华,刘涛.新岛台地电场的潮汐响应与地震.地球物理学报,2006,46(6) :1745～1754 Huang Q H,Liu T.Earthquakes and tide response of geoelectric potential field at the Niijima station.Chinese J Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,46(6) :1745～1754
[49] Huang Q.Seismicity changes prior to the M_s 8． 0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China.Geophys Res Lett,2008,35,L23308,doi:10． 1029/2008GL036270
[50] Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Wang L F,et al.Evidence of crustal‘channel flow’ in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau from MT measurements.Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(12) :1887～1893
[51] 赵国泽,陈小斌,肖骑彬等.汶川M_s 8． 0级地震成因三“层次”分析--基于深部电性结构.地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :553～563 Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Xiao Q B,et al.Generation mechanism of Wenchuan strong earthquake of M_s 8． 0 inferred from EM measurements in three levels.Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),2009,52(2) :553～563
[52] 赵国泽,陆建勋.利用人工源超低频电磁波监测地震的试验和分析.中国工程科学,2003,5(10) :27～33 Zhao G Z,Lu J X.Monitoring and analysis of earthquake phenomena by artificial SLF waves.Engineering Science(in Chinese),2003,5(10) :27～33
[53] Huang Q.Controlled analogue experiments on propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals.Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(17) :1956～1961
[54] Huang Q.One possible generation mechanism of co-seismic electric signals.Proceedings of the Japan Academy,2002,78(7) :173～178
[55] Du A,Huang Q,Yang S.Epicenter location by abnormal ULF electromagnetic emissions.Geophys Res Lett,2002,29(10) :1455,doi:10． 1029/2001GL013616
[56] Huang Q,Ikeya M.Seismic electromagnetic signals(SEMS)explained by a simulation experiment using electromagnetic waves.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1998,109(3-4) :107～114
[57] Huang Q,Ikeya M.Experimental study on the propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals(SEMS)using a minigeographic model of the Taiwan strait.Episodes,1999,22(4) :289～294
[58] 钱复业,卢振业,丁鉴海等.电磁学分析预报方法.北京:地震出版社,1998． 1～227 Qian F Y,Lu Z Y,Ding J H,et al.Analysis and Prediction Methods of Geo-electricity and Geo-magnetic(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1998． 1～227
[59] 钱复业,赵玉林,陈英方. 地震预测——地电方法论文集，福州：福建科学技术出版社，1985.1～321 Qian F Y, Zhao Y L, Chen Y F. Collect Works fo Earthquake Prediction-Geoelectric Methods (in Chinese). Fuzhou: Science and Technology Press of Fujian, 1985.1～321
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心