东昆仑断裂玛尼段震间形变场的INSAR观测及断层滑动率初步估计
摘要
利用干涉雷达方法(INSAR)产生跨越1997年11月8日东昆仑断裂玛尼地震(Mw7.5)主破裂位置的震间视线向(LOS)形变场,形变的时间跨度为1.63 a,距玛尼地震发生前71 d.通过消除卫星轨道相位误差、相位解绕误差,以及部分大气水蒸气延迟作用引入的相位误差,获得了较高信噪比的INSAR震间形变场.从形变场中选取垂直断层的一条220 km长、11 km宽的形变剖面,求得与断层平行的地表水平形变量和形变速率;再从上述剖面选取主要反映构造形变的部分(115 km),结合玛尼地震同震反演结果,基于反正切弹性位错模型反演断层的锁定深度和断层滑动速率.结果表明,若断层闭锁深度为18 km,得到的玛尼段震间滑动速率为(10.2±0.4)mm/a,与地质观测比较一致;同时没有发现任何震前断层形变突然加剧的迹象,"形变前兆"说不成立.
引文
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23 Rosen P,Hensley S,Joughin I,et al.Synthetic aperture radar in- terferometry.Proceedings of the IEEE,2000,88(3):333—382
24 Scharroo R,Visser P.Precise orbit determination and gravity field improvement for the ERS satellites.Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(C4):8113—8127
25 Chen CW,Zebker HA.Two-dimensional phase unwrapping using statistical models for cost functions in nonlinear optimization.Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2000,18:338—351
26孙建宝．干涉雷达的地壳形变应用研究，北京师范大学．博士学位论文，2005
27 Gourmelen N,Amelung F.Postseismic mantle relaxation in the central nevada seismic belt.Science,2005,310:1473—1476
2 Peltzer G,CrampéF,King G,et al.Evidence of nonlinear elas- ticity of the crust from Mw7.6 Manyi (Tibet) earthquake.Sci- ence,1999,286:273—276
3孙建宝，徐锡伟，沈正康，等．基于线弹性位错模型及干涉雷达同震形变场反演1997年玛尼Mw7．5级地震参数—Ⅰ均匀滑动反演．地球物理学报，2007，50(4)：1097—1110
4孙建宝，石耀霖，徐锡伟，等．基于线弹性位错模型及干涉雷达同震形变场反演1997年玛尼Mw7．5级地震参数—Ⅱ滑动分布反演．地球物理学报，2007，50(5)：114—121
5 Xu X,Chen W,Ma W,et al.Surface rupture of the Kunlun- shan earthquake (Ms 8.1),Northern Tibetan Plateau,China. Seismological Research Letters,2002,73(6):884—892
6 Lasserre C,Peltzer G,Crampe F,et al.Coeismic deformation of the Mw=7.8 Kokoxili earthquake in Tibet measured by syn- thetic aperture radar interferometry.J Geophys Res,2005,110 (B12)(B12408),doi:10.1029/2004JB003500
7 Wright TJ,Parsons B,England P,et al.InSAR observations of low slip rates on the major faults of Western Tibet.Science, 2004,305:236—239
8 Fialko Y.Interseismic strain accumulation and the earthquake potential on the southern San Andreas fault system.Nature, 2006,441(04797):968—971
9 Bakun WH,Aagaard B,Dost B,et al.Implications for predic- tion and hazard assessment from the 2004 Parkfield earthquake. Nature,2006,437(13):967—974
10 Savage J,Burford R.Geodetic determination of relative plate motion in central California.J Geophys Res,1973,78:832—845
11Hanssen R.Radar Interferometry:Data Interpretation and Error Analysis.Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers.2001
12 Farr TG,Kobrick M.Shuttle radar topography mission produces a wealth of data.Eos Trans.AGU,2000,81(48):583—585
13 Yin A,Harrison TM.Geological evolution of the Himalayan-Ti- betan orogen.Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci,2000,28:211—280
14 Tapponnier P,Molnar P.Active faulting and tectonics in China. J Geophys Res,1977,82:2905—2930
15 van der Woerd J,Ryerson FJ,Tapponnier P,et at.Holocene left-slip rate determined by cosmogenic surface dating on the Xi- datan segment of the Kunlun fault (Qinghai,China).Geology, 1998,26(8):695—698
16 van der Woerd J,Ryerson FJ,Tapponnier P,et al.Uniform slip- rate along the Kunlun fault:Implications for seismic behavior and large-scale tectonics.Geophys Res Lett,2000,27(16):2353—2356
17 van der Woerd J,Tapponnnier P,Ryerson FJ,et al.Uniform post- glacial slip-rate along the central 600 km of the Kuulun fault (Tibet), from ~(26)Al,~(10)Be,and ~(14)C dating of riser offsets,and climatic origin of the regional morphology.Geophys J Int,2002,148:356—388
18吴珍汉，吴中海，胡道功，等．青藏铁路沿线活动断裂与地质灾害图集．北京：地震出版社，2005
19 Zhang PZ,Shen Z,Wang M,et al.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data.Geolo- gy,2004,32(9):809—812
20徐锡伟，宋方敏，杨晓平，等．中国大陆地表破裂型潜在震源区的地震地质学综合判断．震情研究，2000，44(1)：14—26
21 Zebker HA,Villasenor J.Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1992,30(5):950—959
22单新建，张国宏．孕震区震前D-INSAR干涉形变场动态演化图像分析．地震地质，2006，28(3)：441—446
23 Rosen P,Hensley S,Joughin I,et al.Synthetic aperture radar in- terferometry.Proceedings of the IEEE,2000,88(3):333—382
24 Scharroo R,Visser P.Precise orbit determination and gravity field improvement for the ERS satellites.Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(C4):8113—8127
25 Chen CW,Zebker HA.Two-dimensional phase unwrapping using statistical models for cost functions in nonlinear optimization.Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2000,18:338—351
26孙建宝．干涉雷达的地壳形变应用研究，北京师范大学．博士学位论文，2005
27 Gourmelen N,Amelung F.Postseismic mantle relaxation in the central nevada seismic belt.Science,2005,310:1473—1476
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