应用叠前反演弹性参数进行储层预测(英文)
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摘要
本文是利用叠前弹性参数反演结果进行致密性含气砂岩储层预测的一个实例研究。随着油气勘探开发的发展,叠前地震数据及其反演结果的应用研究已经广泛用于实际生产中。叠前地震数据的特有属性研究,不仅包括简单的AVO特性,还包括其他的弹性属性的变化特性。本文通过对含气砂岩岩芯弹性属性参数响应特征的分析,发现特定弹性属性参数或其组合可以作为流体检测因子。因此,可以利用叠前地震反演得到不同的弹性属性参数结果,进行储层解释和储层描述。该叠前反演方法是基于Zoeppritz方程的Aki-Richard简化公式建立起来的,根据测井数据和地质解释结果建立初始反演模型,反演的地震数据为叠前时间或深度偏移的共反射点道集数据,反演结果可以是不同的弹性属性参数及其组合。通过对一实际的致密性含气砂岩储层进行叠前弹性属性参数反演,并将反演结果与其它预测结果进行对比分析发现弹性属性参数λ和λρ,λ/μ,以及K/μ能够很好地预测含气储层,而且反演结果很好展现出储层中的含气特性。
This is a case study of the application of pre-stack inverted elastic parameters to tight-sand reservoir prediction. With the development of oil and gas exploration, pre-stack data and inversion results are increasingly used for production objectives. The pre-stack seismic property studies include not only amplitude verse offset (AVO) but also the characteristics of other elastic property changes. In this paper, we analyze the elastic property parameters characteristics of gas-and wet-sands using data from four gas-sand core types. We found that some special elastic property parameters or combinations can be used to identify gas sands from water saturated sand. Thus, we can do reservoir interpretation and description using different elastic property data from the pre-stack seismic inversion processing. The pre-stack inversion method is based on the simplified Aki-Richard linear equation. The initial model can be generated from well log data and seismic and geologic interpreted horizons in the study area. The input seismic data is angle gathers generated from the common reflection gathers used in pre-stack time or depth migration. The inversion results are elastic property parameters or their combinations. We use a field data example to examine which elastic property parameters or combinations of parameters can most easily discriminate gas sands from background geology and which are most sensitive to pore-fluid content. Comparing the inversion results to well data, we found that it is useful to predict gas reservoirs using λ, λρ, λ/μ, and K/μ properties, which indicate the gas characteristics in the study reservoir.
This is a case study of the application of pre-stack inverted elastic parameters to tight-sand reservoir prediction. With the development of oil and gas exploration, pre-stack data and inversion results are increasingly used for production objectives. The pre-stack seismic property studies include not only amplitude verse offset (AVO) but also the characteristics of other elastic property changes. In this paper, we analyze the elastic property parameters characteristics of gas-and wet-sands using data from four gas-sand core types. We found that some special elastic property parameters or combinations can be used to identify gas sands from water saturated sand. Thus, we can do reservoir interpretation and description using different elastic property data from the pre-stack seismic inversion processing. The pre-stack inversion method is based on the simplified Aki-Richard linear equation. The initial model can be generated from well log data and seismic and geologic interpreted horizons in the study area. The input seismic data is angle gathers generated from the common reflection gathers used in pre-stack time or depth migration. The inversion results are elastic property parameters or their combinations. We use a field data example to examine which elastic property parameters or combinations of parameters can most easily discriminate gas sands from background geology and which are most sensitive to pore-fluid content. Comparing the inversion results to well data, we found that it is useful to predict gas reservoirs using λ, λρ, λ/μ, and K/μ properties, which indicate the gas characteristics in the study reservoir.
引文
Aki,K.,and Richards,P.G.,1980,Quantitative seismology:Theory and methods:W.H.Freeman and Co.
Castagna,J.P.,Batzle,M.R.,and Eastwood,R.L.,1985,Relationship between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks:Geophysics,50,571-581.
Castagna,J.P.,Swanz,H.W.,and Foster,D.J.,1998,Framework for AVO gradient and intercept interpretation:Geophysics,63,948-956.
Chen,X.C.,1999,Essentials of geomodulus method:69th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,764-767.
Fatti,J.L.,Smith,G.C.,Vail,P.J.,Strauss,P.J.,and Levitt,P.R.,1994,Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique:Geophysics,59,1362-1376.
Feng,H.,Bancroft,J.,and Russell,B.H.,2007,A comparison of hydrocarbon indicators derived from AVO analysis:77th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,279-282.
Gardner,G.H.F.,Gardner,L.W.,and Gregory,A.R.,1974,Formation velocity and density-the diagnostic basis for stratigraphic traps:Geophysics,39,770-780.
Goodway,W.,Chen,T.,and Downton,J.,1997,Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters;“λρ”,“μρ”,&“λ/μfluid stack”,from P and S inversions:67th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,183-186.
Gray,D.,Goodway,W.,and Chen,T.,1999,Bridging the gap:Using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants:69th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,852-855.
Qiao Y.and An H.,2007,Study of petrophysical parameter sensitivity from well log data:Applied Geophysics,4(4),282-287.
Russell,B.H.,Hedlin,K.,Hilterman,F.J.,and Lines,L.R.,2003,Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmann perspective:Geophysics,68,29-39.
Shuey,R.T.,1985.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations:Geophysics,50,609-614.
Smith,G.C.,and Gidlow,P.M.,1987,Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas:Geophysical Prospecting,35,993-1014.
Wang,Y.,1999,Approximations to the Zoeppritz equations and their use in AVO analysis:Geophysics,64,1920-1927.
Verm,R.W.,and Hilterman,F.J.,1994,Lithologic color-coded sections by AVO crossplots:64th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1092-1095.
Young,K.T.,and Tatham,R.H.,2007,Multiple AVO analysis techniques to evaluate pore fluid saturant of bright spots in stacked sections,Columbus Basin,Offshore Trinidad:77th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,283-287.
Castagna,J.P.,Batzle,M.R.,and Eastwood,R.L.,1985,Relationship between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks:Geophysics,50,571-581.
Castagna,J.P.,Swanz,H.W.,and Foster,D.J.,1998,Framework for AVO gradient and intercept interpretation:Geophysics,63,948-956.
Chen,X.C.,1999,Essentials of geomodulus method:69th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,764-767.
Fatti,J.L.,Smith,G.C.,Vail,P.J.,Strauss,P.J.,and Levitt,P.R.,1994,Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique:Geophysics,59,1362-1376.
Feng,H.,Bancroft,J.,and Russell,B.H.,2007,A comparison of hydrocarbon indicators derived from AVO analysis:77th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,279-282.
Gardner,G.H.F.,Gardner,L.W.,and Gregory,A.R.,1974,Formation velocity and density-the diagnostic basis for stratigraphic traps:Geophysics,39,770-780.
Goodway,W.,Chen,T.,and Downton,J.,1997,Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters;“λρ”,“μρ”,&“λ/μfluid stack”,from P and S inversions:67th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,183-186.
Gray,D.,Goodway,W.,and Chen,T.,1999,Bridging the gap:Using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants:69th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,852-855.
Qiao Y.and An H.,2007,Study of petrophysical parameter sensitivity from well log data:Applied Geophysics,4(4),282-287.
Russell,B.H.,Hedlin,K.,Hilterman,F.J.,and Lines,L.R.,2003,Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmann perspective:Geophysics,68,29-39.
Shuey,R.T.,1985.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations:Geophysics,50,609-614.
Smith,G.C.,and Gidlow,P.M.,1987,Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas:Geophysical Prospecting,35,993-1014.
Wang,Y.,1999,Approximations to the Zoeppritz equations and their use in AVO analysis:Geophysics,64,1920-1927.
Verm,R.W.,and Hilterman,F.J.,1994,Lithologic color-coded sections by AVO crossplots:64th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1092-1095.
Young,K.T.,and Tatham,R.H.,2007,Multiple AVO analysis techniques to evaluate pore fluid saturant of bright spots in stacked sections,Columbus Basin,Offshore Trinidad:77th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,283-287.
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