甘肃高台合黎山南缘发现地震地表破裂带
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摘要
据最新野外考察发现,位于河西走廊中段北部的合黎山南缘断裂东段有2条较新的地震地表破裂带遗迹,破裂带长度分别为7km和10km,保存较为完整,认为其为较近的一次地震活动所致。根据该地区历史地震资料和目前该地区的研究程度,该地震地表破裂带可能与2次历史地震(公元180年表氏8级地震、公元756年张掖-酒泉7级地震)中的其中之一或与一次漏记的历史强地震有关。
According to the new investigation in the northern Hexi corridor,remains of two surface rupture zones are discovered on the southern margin fault of Helishan.One rupture has the length of about 7km and the other about 10km.The two surface rupture zones might be produced by the nearest earthquake event.On the surface rupture zones,there are continuous scarp and free face caused by rupture.The scarp is about 1～1.5m high and on some site is up to 2m nearly.According to the OSL result,the nearest T1 terrace and higher flood plain forming 3000a BP are dislocated by the fault.All above reveal that the rupture age should be later than that of T1 terrace.But in the historical data and earthquake catalogue,we didn't find related information about the fault and surface rupture in this area.The 180 AD M 8 Biaoshi earthquake and 756 AD M 7 Zhangye-Jiuquan earthquake are documented in historical data.It is inferred by textual research that the two earthquakes are related with the northern marginal fault of Yumushan in the south of basin.Due to lack of reliable evidence,there still exist many arguments on this inferred conclusion.So we hold that the two surface rupture zones were produced by one of the two large earthquakes or another unrecorded historical event.The research on the activity and surface rupture of this fault can offer valuable information for the tectonic study and strong earthquake risk estimate of this region in the future.
According to the new investigation in the northern Hexi corridor,remains of two surface rupture zones are discovered on the southern margin fault of Helishan.One rupture has the length of about 7km and the other about 10km.The two surface rupture zones might be produced by the nearest earthquake event.On the surface rupture zones,there are continuous scarp and free face caused by rupture.The scarp is about 1～1.5m high and on some site is up to 2m nearly.According to the OSL result,the nearest T1 terrace and higher flood plain forming 3000a BP are dislocated by the fault.All above reveal that the rupture age should be later than that of T1 terrace.But in the historical data and earthquake catalogue,we didn't find related information about the fault and surface rupture in this area.The 180 AD M 8 Biaoshi earthquake and 756 AD M 7 Zhangye-Jiuquan earthquake are documented in historical data.It is inferred by textual research that the two earthquakes are related with the northern marginal fault of Yumushan in the south of basin.Due to lack of reliable evidence,there still exist many arguments on this inferred conclusion.So we hold that the two surface rupture zones were produced by one of the two large earthquakes or another unrecorded historical event.The research on the activity and surface rupture of this fault can offer valuable information for the tectonic study and strong earthquake risk estimate of this region in the future.
引文
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国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所.1993.祁连山-河西走廊断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社.Institute of Geology,SSB and Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,SSB(ed).1993.The Qilian Mountain-Hexi Corridor Ac-tive Fault System[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
闵伟,张培震,何文贵,等.2002.酒西盆地断层活动特征及古地震研究[J].地震地质,24(1):35—44.MIN Wei,ZHANG Pei-zhen,HE Wen-gui,et al.2002.Research on the active faults and paleo-earthquake in the west-ern Jiuquan Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,24(1):35—44(in Chinese).
Gaudemer Y,Tapponier P,Meyer B,et al.1995.Partitioning of crustal slip between linked active faults in the easternQilian Shan,and evidence for a major seismic gap,the‘Tianzhu Gap’,on the western Haiyuan Fault,Gansu(Chi-na)[J].Geophys J Int,120:599—645.
Hetzel R,Mingxin Tao,Stephen Stokes,et al.2004a.Late Pleistocene/Holocene slip rate of the Zhangye thrust(QilianShan,China)and implications for the active growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,23:TC6006.doi:10.1029/2004TC001653.
Hetzel R,Tao M,Niedermann S,et al.2004b.Implications of the fault scaling lawfor the growth of topography:Moun-tain ranges in the broken foreland of NE Tibet[J].Terra Nova,16:157—162.
Meyer B,Tapponnier P,Bourjot L,et al.1998.Crustal thickening in Gansu-Qinghai,lithospheric mantle subduction,and oblique,strike-slip controlled growth of the Tibet plateau[J].Geophys J Int,135:1—47.
Xu X-W,Tapponnier P,Woerd J Van Der,et al.2003.Late Quaternary sinistral slip rate along the Altyn Tagh Faultand its structural transformational model[J].Sci China(Ser D),Earth Sci,48:384—397.
Zhang P-Z,Sheng Z-K,Wang M,et al.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from Global PositioningSystem data[J].Geology,32:809—812.
陈柏林,刘建民,刘建生,等.2006.高台车站断裂全新世活动特征[J].地质学报,80(4):497—507.CHEN Bai-lin,LIU Jian-min,LIU Jian-sheng,et al.2006.Study on the activity and chronology of the Gaotai RailwayStation Fault during Holocene epoch[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,80(4):497—507(in Chinese).
陈文彬.2003.河西走廊及其邻近地区最新构造变形基本特征及构造成因分析[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.CHEN Wen-bin.2003.Principal tectonic deformation features and their generation mechanism in the Hexi Corridor andits adjacent regions since the late Quaternary[D].Ph D thesis.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Adminis-tration,Beijing(in Chinese).
邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.1992.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究[A].国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(2):247—264.DENG Qi-dong,YUGui-hua,YE wen-hua.1992.Relationship between earthquake magnitude and parameters of surfaceruptures associated with historical earthquake[A].In:Institute of Geology,SSB(ed).Research on Active Fault(2):247—264(in Chinese).
方小敏,赵志军,李吉均,等.2004.祁连山北缘老君庙背斜晚新生代磁性地层与高原北部隆升[J].中国科学(D),34(2):97—106.FANG Xiao-min,ZHAO Zhi-jun,LI Ji-jun,et al.2004.Paleomagnetism of the late Cenozoic stratigraphy in the JiuxiBasin north of the Qilian Mts.and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Science in China(Ser D),34(2):97—106(in Chinese).
国家地震局兰州地震研究所编.1989.甘肃省地震资料汇编[M].北京:地震出版社.Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,SSB(ed).1989.A Collection of Earthquake Data of Gansu Province[M].Seismologi-cal Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所.1993.祁连山-河西走廊断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社.Institute of Geology,SSB and Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,SSB(ed).1993.The Qilian Mountain-Hexi Corridor Ac-tive Fault System[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
闵伟,张培震,何文贵,等.2002.酒西盆地断层活动特征及古地震研究[J].地震地质,24(1):35—44.MIN Wei,ZHANG Pei-zhen,HE Wen-gui,et al.2002.Research on the active faults and paleo-earthquake in the west-ern Jiuquan Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,24(1):35—44(in Chinese).
Gaudemer Y,Tapponier P,Meyer B,et al.1995.Partitioning of crustal slip between linked active faults in the easternQilian Shan,and evidence for a major seismic gap,the‘Tianzhu Gap’,on the western Haiyuan Fault,Gansu(Chi-na)[J].Geophys J Int,120:599—645.
Hetzel R,Mingxin Tao,Stephen Stokes,et al.2004a.Late Pleistocene/Holocene slip rate of the Zhangye thrust(QilianShan,China)and implications for the active growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,23:TC6006.doi:10.1029/2004TC001653.
Hetzel R,Tao M,Niedermann S,et al.2004b.Implications of the fault scaling lawfor the growth of topography:Moun-tain ranges in the broken foreland of NE Tibet[J].Terra Nova,16:157—162.
Meyer B,Tapponnier P,Bourjot L,et al.1998.Crustal thickening in Gansu-Qinghai,lithospheric mantle subduction,and oblique,strike-slip controlled growth of the Tibet plateau[J].Geophys J Int,135:1—47.
Xu X-W,Tapponnier P,Woerd J Van Der,et al.2003.Late Quaternary sinistral slip rate along the Altyn Tagh Faultand its structural transformational model[J].Sci China(Ser D),Earth Sci,48:384—397.
Zhang P-Z,Sheng Z-K,Wang M,et al.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from Global PositioningSystem data[J].Geology,32:809—812.
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