根据周围山地第四纪地貌特征估计渤海第四纪构造活动幕的发生时间
摘要
渤海位于渤海湾新生代裂陷盆地中段的东部。最近用大量三维地震勘探资料对渤海第四系及其构造所做的精细解释和分析,发现地层内普遍存在4个不整合(角度和平行不整合)面,表明曾发生过4期构造活动。但因渤海缺少完整的第四系岩芯剖面,无法对其进行系统分层和断代,更无从确定构造活动的时间。为解决这一难题,文章基于渤海湾盆地阶段性沉降和其周围山地间歇性抬升的相关性,以及它们具有统一的形成机制和同一动力学过程的认识,通过研究盆地周围山地第四纪构造运动塑造的多级河流阶地,并结合火山活动研究资料,推测渤海第四系内4个不整合面形成的时间是900~400kaB·P·,100~80kaB·P·,50~40kaB·P·和10~8kaB·P·,即早更新世晚期-中更新世早期、晚更新世早期和中期、全新世早期。
The Bohai Sea is located in the eastern part of a Cenozoic rift basin, the Bohai Bay Basin in North China. Recently fine interpretation and analysis have been made to the Quaternary System and its structure in the Bohai Sea by using three-dimensional seismic exploration data. It is found out that there broadly exist four unconformable interfaces (angle and plane unconformity) in the strata, indicating four tectonic activities. Due to the lack of complete core profiles of the Quaternary System in the Bohai Sea, it is difficult to make precise systematic division and dating analysis of the strata. The exact time of every tectonic activity can neither be determined. To solve this problem, we attempt to use the geomorphic features of the surrounding mountainous areas to estimate the tectonic episodes of Quaternary in the Bohai Sea. The basic rationale is that the subsidence of the Bohai Bay Basin is associated with the uplift of its surrounding mountainous areas, which produced multi-grade river terraces in Quaternary time. Previous studies indicate that the North China region experienced extensive erosion and leveling off in Late Cretaceous time (95～65MaB.P.), leading to large-scaled peneplanation and finally resulting in a wide peneplain of the Beitai period. Afterwards, Cenozoic rifting made this peneplain broken down, subsiding to become basins, inlcuding the Bohai Bay Basin. Meanwhile, the surrounding areas uplifted to form mountains. When this process tended to be stable in Pliocene, the valleys and piedmonts in the mountainous areas reached the peneplain state, forming the leveling plane of the Tangxian period with wide valleys intervening with residual hills. Correspondingly, the basin-range system in the Bohai Bay Basin of Eocene was covered with the Oligocene Series which constituted the base for the Quaternary landforms. With intermittent uplift of mountainous areas in Cenozoic, river terraces of four grades developed widely below the leveling off plan of the Tangxian period. By using a great number of dating data of sediment in the terraces, statistic analysis is performed in this study to determine the stages of intermittent uplift of the mountainous areas. Comparing these stages with the sedimentary processes of the Bohai Bay Basin in Quaternary, in conjunction with the dating data of Quaternary volcanic rocks on the edge of Bohai Sea, we estimate that the Quaternary System in the Bohai Sea has four times of unconformity formation, 900～400kaB.P., 100～80kaB.P., 50～40kaB.P., and 10～8kaB.P., i.e., late Early Pleistocene -early Middle Pleistocene, early Late Pleistocene, middle Late Pleistocene, and Early Holocene.
The Bohai Sea is located in the eastern part of a Cenozoic rift basin, the Bohai Bay Basin in North China. Recently fine interpretation and analysis have been made to the Quaternary System and its structure in the Bohai Sea by using three-dimensional seismic exploration data. It is found out that there broadly exist four unconformable interfaces (angle and plane unconformity) in the strata, indicating four tectonic activities. Due to the lack of complete core profiles of the Quaternary System in the Bohai Sea, it is difficult to make precise systematic division and dating analysis of the strata. The exact time of every tectonic activity can neither be determined. To solve this problem, we attempt to use the geomorphic features of the surrounding mountainous areas to estimate the tectonic episodes of Quaternary in the Bohai Sea. The basic rationale is that the subsidence of the Bohai Bay Basin is associated with the uplift of its surrounding mountainous areas, which produced multi-grade river terraces in Quaternary time. Previous studies indicate that the North China region experienced extensive erosion and leveling off in Late Cretaceous time (95～65MaB.P.), leading to large-scaled peneplanation and finally resulting in a wide peneplain of the Beitai period. Afterwards, Cenozoic rifting made this peneplain broken down, subsiding to become basins, inlcuding the Bohai Bay Basin. Meanwhile, the surrounding areas uplifted to form mountains. When this process tended to be stable in Pliocene, the valleys and piedmonts in the mountainous areas reached the peneplain state, forming the leveling plane of the Tangxian period with wide valleys intervening with residual hills. Correspondingly, the basin-range system in the Bohai Bay Basin of Eocene was covered with the Oligocene Series which constituted the base for the Quaternary landforms. With intermittent uplift of mountainous areas in Cenozoic, river terraces of four grades developed widely below the leveling off plan of the Tangxian period. By using a great number of dating data of sediment in the terraces, statistic analysis is performed in this study to determine the stages of intermittent uplift of the mountainous areas. Comparing these stages with the sedimentary processes of the Bohai Bay Basin in Quaternary, in conjunction with the dating data of Quaternary volcanic rocks on the edge of Bohai Sea, we estimate that the Quaternary System in the Bohai Sea has four times of unconformity formation, 900～400kaB.P., 100～80kaB.P., 50～40kaB.P., and 10～8kaB.P., i.e., late Early Pleistocene -early Middle Pleistocene, early Late Pleistocene, middle Late Pleistocene, and Early Holocene.
引文
1)张功成2004年面告
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1)国家地震局地质研究所(张裕明，汪良谋)．大连大窑湾新港区建设工程和鲇鱼湾原油二期工程地震基本烈度复核报告．1986
2)国家地震局东北地震监测研究中心．辽宁核电站新构造运动研究报告,1984
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1)李传友.吉林省松原地区新构造运动的基本特征和第二松花江断裂存在性的讨论.北京:中国地震局地质研究所硕士学位论文.1997
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2)李传友.吉林省松原地区新构造运动的基本特征和第二松花江断裂存在性的讨论.北京:中国地震局地质研究所硕士学位论文.1997
1)国家地震局地质研究所(张裕明，汪良谋)．大连大窑湾新港区建设工程和鲇鱼湾原油二期工程地震基本烈度复核报告．1986
2)国家地震局东北地震监测研究中心．辽宁核电站新构造运动研究报告,1984
1)李传友.吉林省松原地区新构造运动的基本特征和第二松花江断裂存在性的讨论.北京：中国地震局地质研究所硕士学位论文.1997
1)李传友.吉林省松原地区新构造运动的基本特征和第二松花江断裂存在性的讨论.北京:中国地震局地质研究所硕士学位论文.1997
1)汉景泰.蓬莱地区黄土成因探讨.北京:中国科学院地质研究所博士学位毕业论文.1984
1 中国科学院海洋研究所海洋地质研究室编.渤海地质.北京:科学出版社,1985·161~190Division of Marine Geology,Institute of Oceanography Chinese Academy of Sciences ed.Geology of the Bohai Sea.Beijing:Science Press,1985.161~190
2 徐 杰,高战武,孙建宝等.区域伸展体制下盆-山构造耦合关系的探讨———以渤海湾盆地和太行山为例.地质学报,2001,75(2):165~174Xu Jie,Gao Zhanwu,Sun Jianbaoet al.A preliminary study of the coupling relationship between basin and mountain in extensional environments:A case study of the Bohai Bay Basin and Taihang Mountains.Acta Geologica Sinica,2001,75(2):165~174
3 吴 枕,张秀清,马永红.华北山地地貌面与新生代构造运动.华北地震科学,1996,14(4):40~50Wu Chen,Zhang Xiuqing,Ma Yonghong.The upland morphologic surface and Cenozoic tectonic movement in North China.NorthChina Earthquake Sciences,1996,14(4):40~50
4 吴 忱,张秀清,马永红.太行山燕山主要隆起于第四纪.华北地震科学,1999,17(3):1~7Wu Chen,Zhang Xiuqing,Ma Yonghong.The Taihang and Yanshan Mountains rose mainly in Quaternary.North China Earthquake Sciences,1999,17(3):1~7
5 吴 忱,马永红,张秀清等.华北山地地形面地文期与地貌发育史.石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,1999.78~138Wu Cheng,Ma Yonghong,Zhang Xiuqinget al.Topographic Surface,Physiographic Period and Geomorphic Evolution of Mountain Area in the North China.Shijiazhuang:Science and Technology Press of Hebei Province,1999.78~138
6 吴 枕.太行山东麓唐河中、下游河谷地貌与新构造运动.见:中国地理学会编.中国地理学会第一次构造地貌学术讨论会论文选集.北京:科学出版社,1984.154~161Wu Chen.Valley landforms and recent tectonic movements in the mid-lower reaches of the Tanghe east to the Taihang Mountains.In:Chinese Geography Society ed.Paper Collection of the First Session Seminar of Tectonic Geomorphy Sponsored by Chinese Geography Society.Beijing:Science Press,1984.154~161
7 易明初,李 晓.燕山地区喜马拉雅运动及现今地壳稳定性研究.北京:地震出版社,1991.37~46Yi Mingchu,Li Xiao.A Study of the Himalayan Movement and Present-day Crustal Stability in the Yanshan Area.Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.37~46
8 李衍久,侯建军,王绍仁等.浑河断裂活动性与抚顺城市安全性.北京:地震出版社,1994.22~30Li Yanjiu,Hou Jianjun,Wang Shaorenet al.Faulting of the Hunhe Fault and the Safety of Fushun City.Beijing:Seismological Press,1994.22~30
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