基于图像边缘检测方法提取地震剖面同相轴
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摘要
地球物理勘探中,地震剖面中的同相轴对地质分层、断层解释、有无形成空洞以及其它异常体的检测中作用重要,根据地震剖面上同相轴具有的性质,采用图像边缘检测方法提取同相轴简单且有效,由于边缘检测中常用的Sobel算子和Canny算子检测同相轴时对噪声免疫差,常因噪声因素引起边缘信息缺失导致同相轴提取不连续,本文采用中值滤波并对Sobel算子进行改进,对地震剖面图进行预处理,结合均方差自动确定阈值并进行异常检测,提取完整同相轴。实验结果表明应用该方法可以提取连续、准确的同相轴。
Cophasal axes on seismic sections play an important role in geologic stratification, fault interpretation, detection of cavities and other anomalous bodies in geophysical prospecting. According to the characteristics of cophasal axes, it is easy and effective to use the edge detection method to extract cophasal axes. The ordinary edge detection methods such as Sobel and Canny operators are immune to noise, which result in cophasal axes discontinuity due to lack of edge information caused by noise. In order to extract cophasal axes more continuous and immune to noise, a novel approach is developed based on edge detection. Firstly, the median filter and improved Sobel method are used to preprocess seismic section images. Secondly, the threshold value is determined automatically based on variance to detect abnormal information. Finally, the complete cophasal axes are extracted after a post-processing. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in extracting continuous and correct cophasal axes.
Cophasal axes on seismic sections play an important role in geologic stratification, fault interpretation, detection of cavities and other anomalous bodies in geophysical prospecting. According to the characteristics of cophasal axes, it is easy and effective to use the edge detection method to extract cophasal axes. The ordinary edge detection methods such as Sobel and Canny operators are immune to noise, which result in cophasal axes discontinuity due to lack of edge information caused by noise. In order to extract cophasal axes more continuous and immune to noise, a novel approach is developed based on edge detection. Firstly, the median filter and improved Sobel method are used to preprocess seismic section images. Secondly, the threshold value is determined automatically based on variance to detect abnormal information. Finally, the complete cophasal axes are extracted after a post-processing. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in extracting continuous and correct cophasal axes.
引文
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[15] 王绪松,杨长春.对地震图象进行保边滤波的非线性各向异性扩散算法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :452～457． Wang X S, Yang C C. An edge-preserving smoothing algorithm of seismic image using nonlinear anisotropic diffusion equation[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2006,21(2) : 452 ～ 457．
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[17] 李红星,刘财,陶春辉.图像边缘检测方法在地震剖面同相轴自动检测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1607～1610． Li H X,Liu C,Tao C H.The study of application of edge measuring technique to the detection of phase axis of the seismic section[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5) :1607～1610．
[18] Perreault S,Hebert P.Median filtering in constant time[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2007,16(9) :2389 ～2394．
[19] Pei S C,Ding J J.Improved Harris algorithm for corner and edge detections[A].IEEE International Conference on Image Processing[C],2007,(3) :Ⅲ-57～Ⅲ-60．
[20] 韩东昱,龚庆杰,向运川.区域化探数据处理的几种分型方法[J].地质通报,2004,23(7) :714～719． Han D Y,Gong Q J,Xiang Y C.Some new fractal methods for regional geochemical survey data processing[J].Geological Bulletin of China.2004,23(7) :714～719．
[2] 刘代志,王仁明,李夕海,等.基于小波包分解及AR模型的单通道地震波信号初至点检测[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5) :1098～1102． Liu D Z, Wang R M, Li X H, et al. Onset point identification of single-channel seismic signal based on wavelet packet and the AR model [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2005,48 (5) : 1098～1102．
[3] 郭良辉,孟小红,薛爱民.地震剖面线条化的一种简单算法[J].中国地质大学学报,2007,32(4) :545～548． Guo L H, Meng X H. Xue A M. A simple algorithm for seismic skeletonization [J ]. Journal of China University of Geosciences. 2007,32(4) :545 ～ 548．
[4] 王维红,首皓,刘洪.等.线性同向轴波场分离的高分辨率τ-p变换法[J].地球物理学进展.2006,21(1) :74～78． Wang W H, Shou h, Liu H. et al. High resolution r-p transform in linear events wave field separation[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006,21 (1) : 74 ～ 78．
[5] 李月,杨宝俊.赵雪平,等.检测地震勘探微弱同相轴的混沌振子算法[J].地球物理学报.2005,48(6) :1428～1433． Li Y, Yang B J, Zhao X P. et al. An algorithm of chaotic vibrator to detect weak events in seismic prospecting records [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2005, 48(6) : 1428 ～1433．
[6] 赵雪平,李月,杨宝俊.用于检测同相轴的Duffing型系统恢复力项的讨论[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :61～69． Zhao X P, Li Y, Yang B J. The discussion to the resilience items in the Duffing type system used for detecting events[J].Progress in Geophysics. 2006, 21(1) :61～ 69．
[7] 李月,杨宝俊,林红波,等.地震勘探时空域双曲滤波因子的特点与提高信噪比的能力[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1557～1566． Li Y, Yang B J, Lin H B, et al. Characteristics of hyperbolic time-distance relation filler in seismic prospecting and its ability increasing signal-to-noise ratio [ J ]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008, 51(5) : 1557 ～1566．
[8] 陆文凯,牟永光.用自组织神经网络实现地震同相轴自动追踪[J].石油物探,1998,37(1) :77～83． Lu W K, Mou Y G. Seismic event automatic tracking using self-organizing neural network [J]. Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum, 1998, 37(1) :77-83．
[9] Liu X W, Xue P, Li Y D. Neural network method for tracing seismic events [C]. The 59th SEG annual meeting, 1989．
[10] Huang K Y. William R, Chang 1, et al. Self-organizing neural network for picking seismic horizons [A]. The 60th SEC. annual meeling[C]. 1990: 313 ～ 316．
[11] HuangK Y. Neural network for seismic horizon picking [A]. IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks [C], 1998, (3) : 1840～1844．
[12] Huang K Y, Chang C H, Hsieh W S, et al. Cellular neural network for seismic horizon picking [A]. 9th International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and Their Applications[C] , 2005: 219 ～ 222．
[13] Bondar I. Seismic horizon detection using image processing algorithm [J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 1992, (4) : 785 ～799．
[14] Pitas I, Kotropoulos C. Texture analysis and segmentation of seismic images [A]. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing [ C], 1989, (3) :1437～1440．
[15] 王绪松,杨长春.对地震图象进行保边滤波的非线性各向异性扩散算法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :452～457． Wang X S, Yang C C. An edge-preserving smoothing algorithm of seismic image using nonlinear anisotropic diffusion equation[J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2006,21(2) : 452 ～ 457．
[16] 高美娟,田景文,高兴友,等.利用边缘检测法检测地震反射同相轴[J].石油学院学报,2000,24(3) :8～11． Gao M J,Tian J W,Gao X Y,et al.Detection of seismic reflection event by edge-detection[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2000,24(3) :8-11．
[17] 李红星,刘财,陶春辉.图像边缘检测方法在地震剖面同相轴自动检测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1607～1610． Li H X,Liu C,Tao C H.The study of application of edge measuring technique to the detection of phase axis of the seismic section[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5) :1607～1610．
[18] Perreault S,Hebert P.Median filtering in constant time[J].IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2007,16(9) :2389 ～2394．
[19] Pei S C,Ding J J.Improved Harris algorithm for corner and edge detections[A].IEEE International Conference on Image Processing[C],2007,(3) :Ⅲ-57～Ⅲ-60．
[20] 韩东昱,龚庆杰,向运川.区域化探数据处理的几种分型方法[J].地质通报,2004,23(7) :714～719． Han D Y,Gong Q J,Xiang Y C.Some new fractal methods for regional geochemical survey data processing[J].Geological Bulletin of China.2004,23(7) :714～719．
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