基于通信与感知覆盖的WSNs节点调度算法
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摘要
在随机部署的无线传感器网络中通常包含覆盖与通信冗余节点,这些节点不仅会造成大量的能量浪费,同时影响网络的性能。因此,如何对网络中的覆盖与通信冗余节点进行有效的调度是无线传感器网络研究的一个重要课题。提出了一种基于蜂窝模型的分布式节点调度算法(RCSC)。在蜂窝结构的基础上,RCSC算法通过添加"桥梁节点"和填补"空洞"来进一步优化工作节点集,使得整个网络达到全"通信覆盖"和全"感知覆盖"。最后,RCSC算法结合LEACH协议,对网络中的节点进行动态调度。经试验仿真证明,由RCSC算法构建出的网络拓扑中的工作节点数少且稳定,从而减少了由于冗余数据通信导致的额外能量消耗,延长了网络生存时间。
In the randomly deployed wireless sensor networks(WSNs),there may always contain some redundant nodes of coverage and communication,which would not only cause huge waste of energy,but also affect the network's service quality.Therefore,how to effectively schedule the redundant nodes becomes a heated issue in WSNs.This paper proposed a distributed algorithm for active nodes with communication and sensing coverage in the randomly deployed WSNs(RCSC).Based on the cellular structure,RCSC optimizes the working set of nodes by adding "bridge nodes" and filling the "sensing hole",in order to ensure "communication coverage" and "sensing coverage" performance of the whole network to be achieved.Finally,combined with LEACH protocol,RCSC can schedule all the nodes dynamically.Simulation shows that in the network topology constructed by RCSC,working nodes are fewer while the network is stable,as a result,it extends the network lifetime by decreasing the extra energy consumption caused by random communications among nodes.
In the randomly deployed wireless sensor networks(WSNs),there may always contain some redundant nodes of coverage and communication,which would not only cause huge waste of energy,but also affect the network's service quality.Therefore,how to effectively schedule the redundant nodes becomes a heated issue in WSNs.This paper proposed a distributed algorithm for active nodes with communication and sensing coverage in the randomly deployed WSNs(RCSC).Based on the cellular structure,RCSC optimizes the working set of nodes by adding "bridge nodes" and filling the "sensing hole",in order to ensure "communication coverage" and "sensing coverage" performance of the whole network to be achieved.Finally,combined with LEACH protocol,RCSC can schedule all the nodes dynamically.Simulation shows that in the network topology constructed by RCSC,working nodes are fewer while the network is stable,as a result,it extends the network lifetime by decreasing the extra energy consumption caused by random communications among nodes.
引文
[1]Bai Xiao-le.Deploying Wireless Sensors to Achieve Both Cover-age and Connectivity[C]∥Proceeding of the 7th ACM Interna-tional Symposium on Mobile Ad hoc Network and Computing.2006:131-142
[2]Bai Xiao-le,Zhang Chuan-lin,Xuan Dong.Optimal DeploymentPatterns for Full Coverage and k-Connectivity(k<=6)Wire-less Sensor Networks[J].IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networ-king,2010,18(3)
[3]Durresi A,Paruchuri V K,lyengar S S.Optimized BroadcastProtocol for Sensor Networks[J].IEEE Transaction on Com-puters,2005,54(8)
[4]Paruchuri V,Durresi A.Adaptive Coordination Protocol forHeterogeneous Wireless Networks[C]∥Communications,2007.ICC’07.IEEE Intenational Conference.2007:4805-4810
[5]Xiang Yu,Liu Xiao-juan.A Distributed Algorithm for VirtualBackbone Construction with Cellular Structure in WSNs[J].In-ternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2012,2012
[6]Tian D,Georganas N D.Connectivity Maintenance and CoveragePreservation in Wireless Sensor Networks[C]∥Proceedings ofCCECE 2004.IEEE Canada,Sheraton Fallsview,Canada,2004
[7]Tian D,Georganss N D.A Coverage-Preserving Node Schedu-ling Scheme for Large Wireless Sensor Networks[C]∥Procee-dings of the lst ACM Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networksand Applications(WSNA’02,in Conjunction with ACM Mobi-Com’02).Atlanta,Georgia,USA,2002
[8]Tian D,Georganas N D.Connectivity Maintenance and CoveragePreservation in Wireless Sensor Networks[C]∥Proceedings ofCCECE 2004.IEEE Canada,Sheraton Fallsview,Canada,2004
[9]Huang C F,Tseng Y C.A Survey of Solutions to the CoverageProblems in Wireless Sensor Networks[J].Journal of IntemetTechnology,Special Issue on Wireless Ad Hoe and Sensor Net-works,2004,12(3):2356-2359
[10]Huang C F,Tseng Y C.The coverage problem in a wireless sen-sor network[C]∥Sivalingam KM,Raghavendra CS,eds.Proc.of the ACM Int1 Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks andApplications(WSNA).New York:ACM Press,2003:155-121
[11]Kershner R.The Number of Circles Covering a Set[J].Am.J.Math.,1939,61:665-671
[12]Heinzelman W,Chandrakasan A,Balakrishnam H.An applica-tion specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor net-works[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2002,1(4):660-670
[13]王雪.无线传感器网络测量系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[2]Bai Xiao-le,Zhang Chuan-lin,Xuan Dong.Optimal DeploymentPatterns for Full Coverage and k-Connectivity(k<=6)Wire-less Sensor Networks[J].IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networ-king,2010,18(3)
[3]Durresi A,Paruchuri V K,lyengar S S.Optimized BroadcastProtocol for Sensor Networks[J].IEEE Transaction on Com-puters,2005,54(8)
[4]Paruchuri V,Durresi A.Adaptive Coordination Protocol forHeterogeneous Wireless Networks[C]∥Communications,2007.ICC’07.IEEE Intenational Conference.2007:4805-4810
[5]Xiang Yu,Liu Xiao-juan.A Distributed Algorithm for VirtualBackbone Construction with Cellular Structure in WSNs[J].In-ternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2012,2012
[6]Tian D,Georganas N D.Connectivity Maintenance and CoveragePreservation in Wireless Sensor Networks[C]∥Proceedings ofCCECE 2004.IEEE Canada,Sheraton Fallsview,Canada,2004
[7]Tian D,Georganss N D.A Coverage-Preserving Node Schedu-ling Scheme for Large Wireless Sensor Networks[C]∥Procee-dings of the lst ACM Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networksand Applications(WSNA’02,in Conjunction with ACM Mobi-Com’02).Atlanta,Georgia,USA,2002
[8]Tian D,Georganas N D.Connectivity Maintenance and CoveragePreservation in Wireless Sensor Networks[C]∥Proceedings ofCCECE 2004.IEEE Canada,Sheraton Fallsview,Canada,2004
[9]Huang C F,Tseng Y C.A Survey of Solutions to the CoverageProblems in Wireless Sensor Networks[J].Journal of IntemetTechnology,Special Issue on Wireless Ad Hoe and Sensor Net-works,2004,12(3):2356-2359
[10]Huang C F,Tseng Y C.The coverage problem in a wireless sen-sor network[C]∥Sivalingam KM,Raghavendra CS,eds.Proc.of the ACM Int1 Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks andApplications(WSNA).New York:ACM Press,2003:155-121
[11]Kershner R.The Number of Circles Covering a Set[J].Am.J.Math.,1939,61:665-671
[12]Heinzelman W,Chandrakasan A,Balakrishnam H.An applica-tion specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor net-works[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2002,1(4):660-670
[13]王雪.无线传感器网络测量系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
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